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2019年职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选
帮考网校2019-12-01 13:33
2019年职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选

2019年职称英语考试《理工类》考试共65题,分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理概括大意与完成句子分析5道练习题,附答案解析,供您备考练习。


1、The Hurricane
1. A hurricane (飓风) is a tropical storm with winds that have reached a constant speed of 74 miles per hour. Hurricane winds blow in a large spiral(螺旋) around a relative calm center known as the "eye". The "eye" is generally 20 to 30 miles wide, and the storm may extend outward 400 miles. As a hurricane nears land, it can bring heavy rains, high winds and storm surges(风暴潮). The storm surges and heavy rains can lead to flooding.
2. Hurricanes are given a different label, depending on where they occur. If they begin over the North Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, The Gulf of Mexico, or the Northeast Pacific Ocean, they are called hurricanes. Similar storms that occur in the Northwest Pacific Ocean west of the Internaional Date Line are called typhoons near Australia and in the Indian Ocean, they are referred to as tropical cyclones(龙卷风).
3. When a hurricane hits land, it can do great damage through its fierce winds, heavy rains, inland(内陆的) flooding and huge waves crashing on to the shore. During a hurricane, homes, businesses and public buildings may be damaged or destroyed, roads and bridges can be washed away. A powerful hurricane can kill more people and destroy more property than any other natural disaster. Fishermen are at special risk from hurricanes as they may be at sea when a hurricane arrives and not be able to get to a safe harbor if they do not receive adequate warning.
4. If a hurricane is comming in your area, the most important thing is to stay calm and find shelter immediately. Go to your safe room. If you do not have one, stay indoors during the hurricane and go to a safer place near the center of your home. Cover yourself with a blanket and be sure to keep away from windows and glass doors, because if the glass breaks it’s really dangerous. Do not be fooled if there is lull(暂停), it could be the eye of the storm—winds will pick up again.
Paragraph 2 ______
【单选题】

A.Where do hurricanes usually happen?

B.What damages can a hurricane cause?

C.What should you do during a hurricane?

D.What is a hurricane?

E.What are different names of hurricanes?

F.How do you know a hurricane is coming?

正确答案:E

答案解析:本题有一定难度,需要吃透文章句意,段落主旨句比较明显,在文章第二段的第一句:Hurricanes are given a different label,depending on where they occur.回来看选项,E项简单概括了第一段的主要意思,是答案。

1、Cloning: Future Perfect?
1 A clone is an exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell. Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997, research into cloning has grown rapidly. In May 1998, scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves using cloning technology. A mouse has also been cloned successfully. But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement: "We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years," he told the world.
2 Seed's announcement provoked a lot of media attention, most of it negative. In Europe, nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the US the President announced: "We will be introducing a law to ban human cloning and many states in the US will have passed anti-cloning laws by the end of the year".
3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning. They are worried that laws banning human cloning will threaten important research. In March, The New England Journal of Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken. Many researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it, human cloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science.
4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world? The public has been bombarded (轰炸) with newspaper articles, television shows and films, as well as cartoons. Such information is often misleading, and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will be doing next.
5 Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning humans. It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our child to look like. But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds, the anti-cloners ask Pretty cool, answer the pro-cloners (赞成克隆的人).
Paragraph 2____
【单选题】

A.Strong Reactions

B.Anxiety about the Future of Cloning

C.The Right to Choose

D.WhatisCloning?

E.Arguments in Favor of Cloning

F.A Common Sight

正确答案:A

答案解析:文章第2段主要讲Seed的言论引起媒体激烈的反应,故选A。

1、Meet Your Memory
Memory is something that cannot be seen, touched or weighed. It is thought to be abstract. It is a set of skills rather than an object. Neither is there a single standard for judging a good or poor memory. There are a number of different ways in which a person may have a "good" memory.
Memory is generally viewed as consisting of three stages: (1) acquisition refers to learning the material; (2) storage refers to keeping the material in the blain until it is needed; and (3) retrieval (提取) refers to getting the material back out when it is needed.
Memory consists of at least two different processes: short-term memory and long-term memory. Short-term memory has a limited capacity and a rapid forgetting rate. Its capacity can be increased by chunking (组成大块), or grouping separate bits of information into larger chunks. Long-term memory has an almost unlimited capacity.
One measure of memory is recall, which requires you to produce information by searching the memory for it. In aided recall, you are given cues (提示) to help you produce the information. In free-recall learning, you recall the material in any order; in serial learning, you recall it in the order it was presented; and in paired-associate learning, you learn pairs of words so that when the first word is given, you can recall the second word. A second measure of memory is recognition in which you do not have to produce the information from memory, but must be able to identify it when it is presented to you. In a third measure of memory, relearning, the difference between how long it took to learn the material the first time and how long it takes to learn it again indicates how much you remember. Relearning is generally a more sensitive measure of memory than is recognition because relearning shows retention (保持) while recognition does not. Recognition is generally a more sensitive measure than recall.
Long-term memory has an almost unlimited capacity and a ______.
【单选题】

A.short-term memory

B.relearning

C.needed

D.coded

E.recognition

F.slow forgetting rate

正确答案:F

答案解析:根据题干线索词Long-term memory定位原文至第三段最后一句:Long-term memory has an almost unlimited capacity. 该句是从储存容量方面与short-term memory(短时记忆)做比较。此外,还从储存时间与其做比较,例如前面提到Short-term memory has...a rapid forgetting rate,由此推断,相比较而言,长时记忆的储存时间会比较长,即遗忘速率比较慢。F选项slow forgetting rate与其意思相符,故F为正确答案。

1、Meet Your Memory
1. Memory is something that cannot be seen, touched or weighed. It is thought to be abstract. It is a set of skills rather than an object. Neither is there a single standard for judging a good or poor memory. There are a number of different ways in which a person may have a good memory.
2. Memory is generally viewed as consisting of three stages: (1) acquisition refers to learning the material; (2) storage refers to keeping the material in the brain until it is needed; (3) retrieval (提取) refers to getting the material back out when it is needed:
3. Memory consists of at least two different processes: short - term memory and long - term memory. Short - term memory has a limited capacity and a rapid forgetting rate. Its capacity can be increased by chunking (组成大块), or grouping separate bits of information into larger chunks. Long - term memory has an almost unlimited capacity.
4. One measure of memory is recall, which requires you to produce information by searching the memory for it. In aided recall, you are given cues (提示) to help you produce the information. In free - recall learning you recall the material in any order. In serial learning you recall it in the order it was presented and in paired - associate learning you learn pairs of words so that when the first word is given you can recall the second word. A second measure of memory is recognition, in which you do not have to produce the information from memory, but must be able to identify it when it is presented to you. In a third measure of memory, relearning, the difference between how long it took to learn the material the first time and how long it takes to learn it again indicates how much you remember. Relearning is generally a more sensitive measure of memory than is recognition because relearning shows retention (保持) while recognition does not. Recognition is generally a more sensitive measure than recall.
Remembering involves getting the material back out when it is ______.
【单选题】

A.short - term memory

B.relearning

C.needed

D.coded

E.recognition

F.slow forgetting rate

正确答案:C

答案解析:本题难度不大,答案依据比较明显,在文章第二段:…getting the material back out when it is needed回来看选项,C项needed符合原文句意,是答案。

1、Science Fiction
1 Amongst the most popular books being written today are those that are usually classified as
science fiction. Hundreds of titles are published every year and are read by all kinds of people.
Furthermore, some of the most successful films of recent years have been based on science fiction stories.
2 It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature, but its ancestors can be found in books written hundreds of years ago. These books were often concerned with the presentation of some forms of ideal society, a theme that is still often found in modern stories.
3 Most of the classics of science fiction, however, have been written within the last hundred years. Books by writers such as Jules Verve and H. G Wells, to mention just two well known authors, have been translated into many languages.
4 Modern science fiction writers don't write about men from Mars or space adventure stories. They are more interested in predicting the results of technical developments on society and the human mind; or in imagining future worlds that are a reflection of the world that we live in now. Because of this their writing has obvious political undertones (涵义).
5 In an age where science fact frequently overtakes (超过) science fiction, the writers may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances. Those who are sufficiently clear-sighted to see the way we are going, however, may provide a valuable lesson on how to deal with the problems which society will inevitably face as it tries to master its new technology.
Works of modern science fiction have____.
【单选题】

A.concerned with the problems that we will have to solve in the future

B.reading books of science fiction

C.political implication

D.a recurrent theme

E.read worldwide

F.translated into many languages

正确答案:C

答案解析:本题答案的依据在第4段最后一句,该句说Because of this their writing has obvious political undertones(由于这一原因,他们的作品带有明显的政治涵义)。实际上,undertone与implication的意思相同,故选C。

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