2019年职称英语考试《卫生类》考试共65题，分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理历年真题10道，附答案解析，供您考前自测提升！

1、Cancer
Cancer is a group of many related diseases that begin in cells, the body＇s basic building blocks. The body is made up of many types of cells. Normally cells grow and divide to produce more cells as they are needed to keep the body healthy. Sometimes, this orderly process goes wrong. New cells form when the body does not need them, and old cells do not die when they should. The extra cells form a mass of tissue called a growth or tumor. Benign (良性的) tumors are not cancer. They can often be removed and, in most cases, they do not come back. Malignant (恶性的) tumors are cancer. Cells in malignant tumors are abnormal and divide without control or order.
Scientists have learned that cancer is caused by changes in genes that normally control the growth and death of cells. Certain lifestyle and environmental factors can change some normal genes into genes that allow the growth of cancer. Many gene changes that lead to cancer are the result of tobacco use, diet, exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun, or exposure to carcinogens (致癌物) in the workplace or in the environment. Some gene alterations are inherited.
Cancer treatment can include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy （化疗), hormone therapy, and biological therapy. The doctor may use one method or a combination of methods, depending on the type and location of the cancer, whether the disease has spread, the patient＇s age and general health, and other factors. Because treatment for cancer can also damage healthy cells and tissues, it often causes side effects. Patients and doctors generally discuss the treatment options, weighing the likely benefits of killing cancer cells and the risks of possible side effects.
Having cancer does not always mean having pain. Whether a patient has pain may depend on the type of cancer, the extent of the disease, and the patient＇s tolerance for pain. Most pain occurs when the cancer grows and presses against bones, organs, or nerves. Pain may also be a side effect of treatment. However, pain can generally be relieved or reduced with prescription medicines or over-the-counter drugs recommended by the doctor.
Paragraph 3____.
【单选题】

A.Does cancer always cause pain

B.Can cancer be prevented

C.What is cancer

D.How common is cancer

E.What causes cancer

F.How is cancer treated

正确答案:F

答案解析:第三段没有主题句，但浏览该段会发现其中的高频词treatment，由此推断，该段讲述了癌症的治疗方法。段中详细介绍了癌症的治疗方法，如手术切除、放射治疗、化疗、生物学治疗等，但这些治疗方法会产生副作用。由此推断，该段回答了F选项“How is cancer treated?”所提出的问题，故F为正确答案。

2、When a disease of epidemic proportions rips into the populace, scientists immediately get to work, trying to locate the source of the affliction and find ways to combat it. Oftentimes, success is achieved, as medical science is able to isolate the parasite, germ or cell that causes the problem and finds ways to effectively kill or contain it. In the most serious of cases, in which the entire population of a region or country may be at grave risk, it is deemed necessary to protect the entire population through vaccination, so as to safeguard lives and ensure that the disease will not spread.
The process of vaccination allows the patient＇s body to develop immunity to the virus or disease so that, if it is encountered, one can ward it off naturally. To accomplish this, a small weak or dead strain of the disease is actually injected into the patient in a controlled environment, so that his body＇s immune system can learn to fight the invader properly. Information on how to penetrate the disease＇s defenses is transmitted to all elements of the patient＇s immune system in a process that occurs naturally, in which genetic information is passed from cell to cell. This makes sure that, should the patient later come into contact with the real problem, his body is well equipped and trained to deal with it, having already done so before.
There are dangers inherent in the process, however. On occasion, even the weakened version of the disease contained in the vaccine proves too much for the body to handle, resulting in the immune system succumbing, and, therefore, the patient＇s death. Such is the case of the smallpox vaccine, designed to eradicate the smallpox epidemic that nearly wiped out the entire Native American population and killed massive numbers of settlers. Approximately l in 10,000 people who receives the vaccine contract the smallpox disease from the vaccine itself and dies from it. Thus, if the entire population of the United States were to receive the Smallpox Vaccine today, 3,000 Americans would be left dead.
Fortunately, the smallpox virus was considered eradicated in the early 1970＇s, ending the mandatory vaccination of all babies in America. In the event of a re-introduction of the disease, however, mandatory vaccinations may resume, resulting in more unexpected deaths from vaccination. The process, which is truly a mixed blessing, may indeed hide some hidden curses.
Which of the following is true according to the text?【单选题】

A.Saving the majority would necessarily justify the death of the minority.

B.The immune system can be trained to fight weaker versions of a disease.

C.Mandatory vaccinations are indispensable to the survival of the populace.

D.The process of vaccination remains a mystery to be further resolved.

正确答案:B

答案解析:细节考查题。本文的中心讲的是免疫系统可以得到特殊的训练以应对较弱的疾病。选项B的内容与此相符合，故正确答案为B。其他三个选项都不能说明原文的含义。

3、He expressed concern that the ship might be in distress.【单选题】

A.despair

B.difficulties

C.need

D.danger

正确答案:D

答案解析:distress：危难，和danger（危险）意思相近；despair：绝望；difficulty:困难；need:需要。

4、A Tale of Scottish Rural Life
Lewis Grassic Gibbon＇s Sunset Song (1932) was voted "the best Scottish novel of all time" by Scottish＇s reading public in 2005. Once considered shocking for its frank description of aspects of the lives of Scotland＇s poor rural farmers, it has been adapted for stage, film, TV and radio in recent decades.
The novel is set on the fictional estate of Kinraddie, in the farming country of the Scottish northwest in the years up to and beyond World War I. At its heart is the story of Chris, who is both part of the community and a little outside it.
Grassic Gibbon gives us the most detailed and intimate account of the life of his heroine. We watch her grow through a childhood dominated by her cruel but hard-working father; experience tragedy (her mother＇s suicide and murder of her twin children); and learn about her feelings as she grows into woman. We see her marry, lose her husband, then marry again. Chris has seemed so convincing a figure to some female readers that they cannot believe that she is the creation of a man.
But it would be misleading to suggest that this book is just about Chris. It is truly a novel of a place and its people. Its opening section tells of Kinraddie＇s long history, in a language that imitates the place＇s changing patterns of speech and writing.
The story itself is amazingly full of characters and incidents. It is told from Chris＇ point of view but also from that of the gossiping community, a community where everybody knows everybody else＇s business and nothing is ever forgotten.
Sunset Song has a social theme too. It is concerned with what Grassic Gibbon perceives as the destruction of traditional Scottish rural life first by modernization and then by World War I. Gibbon tried hard to show how certain characters resist the war. Despite this, the war takes the young men away, a number of them to their deaths. In particular, it takes away Chris＇ husband, Ewan Tavendale. The war finally kills Ewan, but not in the way his widow is told In fact, the Germans aren＇t responsible for his death, but his own side. He is shot because he is said to have run away from a battle.
If the novel is about the end of one way of life it also looks ahead, it is a "Sunset Song" but is concerned too with the new Kinraddie, indeed of the new European world Grassic Gibbon went on to publish two other novels about the place that continue its story.
What is Sunset Song mainly about?【单选题】

A.The First World War.

B.The beauty of the sunset.

C.The new European world.

D.The lives of rural Scottish farmers.

正确答案:D

答案解析:A:第一次世界大战；B：日落之美；C：新欧洲世界；D:苏格兰农夫的生活。选项D是正确的，相关的信息可在第一段中找到。

5、Nurse ! I Want My Mummy
When a child is ill in hospital, a parent＇s first reaction is to be ____ them.
Most hospitals now allow parents to sleep overnight with their child, providing a bed or so far on the ward.
But until the 1970s this practice was not only frowned upon, it was actively discouraged. Staff worried that the children were upset when their parents left, and so there was a blanket ban.
A concerned nurse, Pamela Hawthorn, disagreed and her study "Nurse! I want my mummy" published in 1974 , changed the face of paediatric nursing.
Martin Johnson, a professor of nursing at the University of Salford, said that the work of nurses like Pamela had changed the face of patient care.
"Pamela＇s study was done against the background of a lively debate in paediatrics and psychology as to the degree women should spend with children in the outside world and the degree to which they should be allowed to visit children in hospital. "
"The idea was that if mum came to visit a small child in hospital the child would be upset and inconsolable for hours. "
"Yet the nurse noticed that if mum did not come at all the child stayed in a relatively stable state but they might be depressed. "
"Of course we know now that they had almost given up hope that mum was eve coming back. "
"To avoid a little bit of pain they said that no one should visit. "
"But children were alone and depressed so Hawthorn said parents should be allowed to visit. "
"Dr Peter Carter, chief executive and general secretary of the Royal College of Nursing, said her work had been seminal. "
"Her research put an end to the days when parents handed their children over to strangers at the door of the hospital ward. "
"As a result of her work, parents and careers are now recognized as partners and are afforded the opportunity to stay with their children whilst they are in hospital, which has dramatically improved both parents＇ and children＇s experience of care. "
【单选题】

A.with

B.over

C.upon

D.for

正确答案:A

答案解析:孩子住院了，父母的第一反应肯定是要和孩子在一起。to be with somebody表示“和谁在一起”。

6、Breast Cancer Deaths Record Low
The number of women dying from breast cancer has fallen to a record low by dropping under 12,000 a year for the first time since records began.
The Cancer＇ Research UK data showed that 11.990 women died in the UK in 2007.
The previous lowest figure had been recorded in 1971-the year records began-after which it rose steadily year by year until the late 1980s.
Professor Peter Johnson, Cancer Research UK＇s chief clinician. said: "It＇s incredibly encouraging to see fewer women dying from breast cancer now than at any time in the last 40 years, despite breast cancer being diagnosed more often."
"Research has played a crucial role in this progress leading to improved treatments and better management for women with the disease."
"The introduction of the NHS (国民保健制度) breast screening 3 program has also contributed as women are more likely to survive the earlier cancer is diagnosed."
Breast cancer is now the most common cancer in the UK with 45,500 women every year diagnosed with the disease - a 50% rise in 25 years.
The number of deaths peaked in 1989, when 15,625 women died. It then fell by between 200 and 400 deaths each year until 2004.
There was a slight rise in 2005 and then two years of falls.
Dr. Sarah Cant, policy manager at Breakthrough Breast Cancer said: "It is great news that fewer women are dying from breast cancer and highlights the impact of improved treatments, breast screening and awareness of the disease. "
"However, this is still too many women and incidence of the disease is increasing year by year. "
The rising rate of breast cancer diagnosis has been put down to a variety of factors including obesity(肥胖) and alcohol consumption.
Obesity and alcohol consumption may also lead to some other diseases.【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

正确答案:C

答案解析:本题有一定难度，关键在吃透句意。答案依据比较明显，带着题干信息词回文章定位，答案依据在文章最后一段这一句：The rising rate of breast cancer diagnosis has been put down to a variety of factors including obesity and alcohol consumption.谈到乳腺癌确诊率上升和肥胖、过度饮酒有关，但并没有提及肥胖和过量饮酒是否会引发其他疾病，因此本题未提及，答案是C。

7、The two banks have announced plans to merge next year.【单选题】

A.combine

B.close

C.break

D.sell

正确答案:A

答案解析:这两家银行宣布了明年合并的计划。本题难度不大，merge是“合并”，和combine“联合”意思相近，其他三项都是常用词，和答案意义差异大，干扰性不强。本题考查的是combine的引申义。

8、Nurse! I Want My Mummy
When a child is ill in hospital, a parent＇s first reaction is to be ____ them.
Most hospitals now allow parents to sleep overnight with their child, providing a bed or sofa on the ward.
But until the 1970s this practice was not only frowned upon (不赞同) — it was actively discouraged. Staff worried that the children would be upset when their parents left, and so there was a blanket (通用的) ban.
A concerned nurse, Pamela Hawthorn, disagreed and her study "Nurse, I want my mummy!" published in 1974, changed the face "paediatric (儿科的) nursing.
Martin Johnson, a professor of nursing at the University of Salford, said that the work of nurses like Pamela had changed the face of patient care.
"Pamela＇s study was done against the background of a lively debate in paediatrics and psychology as to the degree women should spend with children in the outside world and the degree to which they should be allowed to visit children in hospital."
"The idea was that if mum came to visita small child in hospital the child would be upset and inconsolable (无法安慰的) for hours. "
"Yet the nurse noticed that if mum did not come at all the child stayed in a relatively stable state but they might be depressed. "
"Of course we know now that they had almost given up hope that mum was ever coming back."
"To avoid a little bit of pain they said that no one should visit."
"But children were alone and depressed, so Hawthorn said parents should be allowed to visit."
Dr. Peter Carter, chief executive and general secretary of the Royal College of Nursing, said her work had been seminal (开创性的).
"Her research put an end to the days when parents handed their children over to strangers at the door of the hospital ward."
"As a result of her work, parents are now recognized as partners in care and are afforded the opportunity to stay with their children while they are in hospital, which has dramatically improved both parents＇ and children＇s experience of care."
【单选题】

A.with

B.over

C.upon

D.for

正确答案:A

答案解析:本题的难度不大，考查介词with的用法，可以先看选项得到信息提示。文章此处是说“小孩子生病时，父母的第一反应会是陪着孩子”，答案是A。

9、Why can＇t you stop your eternal complaining?【单选题】

A.long

B.everlasting

C.temporary

D.boring

正确答案:B

答案解析:你为什么不能停止无休无止的牢骚？本题难度不大，考察的是单词的基础含义，干扰项干扰不强，其他选项和答案意义差异较大，eternal指“永久的”，和everlasting“永久的，无休止的”是同义词，最佳答案是B。

10、College Night Owls Have Lower Grades
College students who are morning people tend to get better grades than those who are night owls(晚睡的人), according to University of North Texas researchers.
They had 824 undergraduate(大学本科生的) students complete a health survey that in cluded questions about sleep habits and daytime functioning, and found that students who are morning people had higher grade point averages(GPAs) than those who are night people.
"The finding that college students who are evening types have lower GPAs is a very important finding, sure to make its way into undergraduate psychology texts in the near future, along with the research showing that memory is improved by sleep," study co - author Daniet J. Taylor said in a prepared statement.
"Further, these results suggest that it might be possible to improve academic performance by using chronotherapy (时间疗法) to help students retrain their biological clock to become more morning types," Taylor said.
The research was expected to be presented Monday at SLEEP, the annual meeting of the Associated Professional (专业的) Sleep Societies, in Baltimore.
In other findings expected to be heard at the meeting, University of Colorado researchers found a significant association between insomnia (失眠) and a decline in college students＇ academic performance.
The study included 64 psychology, nursing and medical students, average age 27. 4 years, who were divided into two groups—low GPAs and high GPAs.
Among those with low GPAs,69.7 percent had trouble falling asleep,53.1 percent experienced leg kicks or twitches (痉挛) at night, 65.6 percent reported waking at night and having trouble falling back to sleep, and 72.7 percent had difficulty concentrating during the day.
"In college students, the complaint of difficulty concentrating during the day continues to have a considerable impact on their ability to succeed in the classroom," study author Dr. James F. Pagel said in a prepared statement. "This study showed that disordered sleep has significant harmful effects on a student＇s academic performance, including GPAs."
Mr. Taylor believed that the finding of their study would soon ______.【单选题】

A.be criticized by psychology students

B.be confirmed by psychological studies

C.be included in undergraduate psychology texts

D.become the most popular psychology text

正确答案:C

答案解析:本题难度不大，答案依据比较明显，答案依据是文章第三段第一句，谈到研究结果一定会在不久将来被收录到本科心理学教材中，回来看选项，C项和原文句意相符，是答案。