2019年职称英语考试《卫生类》考试共65题，分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理历年真题10道，附答案解析，供您考前自测提升！

1、We＇ve?been?through?some?rough?times?together.【单选题】

A.short

B.difficult

C.long

D.happy

正确答案:B

答案解析:题干大意：我们一起渡过了一些困境。句中rough意为“粗糙的、艰苦的”。rough?time意为“困难时刻”，和四个选项中的difficult?time意思一样。short意为“短的”；long意为“长的”；happy意为“幸福的”，与rough意义相反。

2、Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor
The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking, said medical experts after a fiveyear research study.
Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer, They said patients are younger, especially women.
According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute, more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else. Following breast cancer, it has the second-highest incidence rate.
"An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer," said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center.
He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years. Among them, 1,433 were male.
Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke, according to the report.
However, more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term, close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat.
About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women＇s bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchen.
However, local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer. Some claimed they may change food preparation methods.
"Unless my family and I don＇t eat at home every day, I must stay in the kitchen to cook," said Xu Li, a 45-year-old local woman. "I know the fumes are bad for the skin, but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer. I have already started frying less. "
Doctors said women＇s lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition, but was closely related to family cancer history, unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.
Other experts agreed with him.
"Smoking is by far the biggest cause of lung cancer for men," said Dr. Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University＇s Medical College. "It＇s true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women. "
His research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used.
The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time, experts said.
Which of the following has relatively little connection with women＇s lung cancer?
【单选题】

A.Family cancer history.

B.Unhealthy dietary habits.

C.Weak immune systems.

D.Personal health and physical condition.

正确答案:D

答案解析:细节考查题。回答此题时，应注意到文中“had few links to…”同“was closely related to…”这两处文字，link to同relate to都是联系的意思，但修饰它们的词few和closely差别很大，few表示否定意义，故正确答案为D。

3、Waste Not, Want Not
1 Bob and Clara Darlington, who own and run a farm in the North of England, have always looked for new ways of making money out of the produce they grow. Their SUCCESS began when they established a shop on their farm, so that people could come and buy fresh vegetables directly from them.
2 The business was an immediate SUCCESS, and soon scored top marks in a competition set up by the Farm Retail Association to find the best farm shop in the country. The Association＇s inspectors found the Darling tons＇ shop offered excellent service and value for money as well as quality fruit and vegetable.
3 Clara Darlington is a trained chef and, in addition to a range of home-grown foods and other local produce, she began offering a variety of prepared meals which she had made herself in the farmhouse kitchen. A small cafe alongside the farm shop was soon added, with everything that visitors could taste on the menu also being for sale in the shop.
4 Clara admits that starting the business was expensive, and she has worked very hard, but maintains that if the product is good, the public recognize this and buy it. "I aim to offer the highest quality to our customers, whether they come in for a loaf of bread, or take a whole dinner-party menu. I take it as a compliment if people take home one of my dishes to serve to their family and friends and get away with pretending they made it themselves. "
5 So it was that the couple realized that they had a surplus of misshapen or damaged vegetables grown on the farm which were unsuitable for selling in the shop. Clara, not wishing to see them get thrown away, decided to turn them into soup.
6 The soup met with the immediate approval of customers to the shop and Clara now produce different varieties. She spent much of the summer traveling up and down to London by rail, doing presentations of the soups. As a result, they are now served in first-class railway restaurant cars belonging to three companies as well as being stocked by a number of high-class London stores.
Bob and Clara Darlington established a shop to ____.
【单选题】

A.sell fresh vegetables

B.sell as much as possible

C.offer a variety of prepared meals

D.turn them into soup

E.fill a gap in the market

F.promote her soups

正确答案:A

答案解析:文章第一段提到他们在农场建了一个商店，…people could come and buy fresh vegetables directly from them他们可以直接购买新鲜蔬菜了。

4、Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference
Putting a bunch of college students in charge of a $300,000 Dance Marathon, fundraiser surely sounds a bit risky. When you consider the fact that the money is supposed to be given to. Children in need of medical care, you might call the idea crazy.
Most student leaders don＇t want to spend a large amount of time on something they care little about, said 22-year-old University of Florida student Darren Heitner. He was the Dance Marathon＇s operations officer for two years.
Yvonne Fangmeyer, director of the student organization office at the University of Wisconsin, conducted a survey in February of students involved in campus organizations. She said the desire for friendship was the most frequently cited reason for joining.
At large universities like Fangmeyer＇s, which has more than 40,000 students, the students, first of all, want to find a way to "belong in their own comer of campus".
Katie Rowley, a Wisconsin senior, confirms the survey＇s findings. "I wanted to make the campus feel smaller by joining an organization where I could not only get involved on campus but also find a group of friends. "
All of this talk of friendship, however, does not mean that students aren＇t thinking about their resumes. "I think that a lot of people do join to ＇fatten up their resume＇," said Heitner. "At the beginning of my college career, I joined a few of these organizations, hoping to get a start in my leadership roles. "
But without passion student leaders can have a difficult time trying to weather the storms that come. For example, in April, several student organizations at Wisconsin teamed up for an event designed to educate students about homelessness and poverty. Student leaders had to face the problem of solving disagreements, moving the event because of rainy weather, and dealing with the university＇s complicated bureaucracy.
"Outside-of the classroom learning really makes a big difference," Fangmeyer said.
What do student leaders need to carry an activity through to a successful end?【单选题】

A.Passion.

B.Money.

C.Power.

D.Fame.

正确答案:A

答案解析:答案可以从倒数第二段找到。第一句话是这么说的：但是，如果没有激情(passion)，学生干部试图经受急风暴雨的考验是会有困难的。

5、Gun Rights in the US
Immediately after the shooting at Virginia Tech University, Americans gathered to mourn the dead. The president and the state governor both hurried there to share the grief. But the majority of Americans still cling to their right to ____ weapons.
Strictly speaking, the US is not the only country where gun violence has destroyed lives, families and communities in everyday circumstance. But the US is one of the few countries that seems unwilling and politically incapable of doing anything serious to stop it.
In countries like Britain and Canada. The government adopted stricter gun control soon after serious gun violence incidents. US leaders, however, are held hostage by the gun lobby and the electoral system.
The powerful National Rifle Association, the major supporter of gun rights in the US, is too strong for any party to take on. Most Republicans oppose gun controls anyway. Over the years, the Democrats have found that they can either campaign for gun control or win power, not both; they prefer power.
According to the US Bureau of Justice Statistics, firearm incidents accounted for nine percent of the 4.7 million violent crimes in 2005. So, although opinion polls show most Americans want stricter gun laws, many don＇t want to give up their arms they keep to protect themselves.
Dave Hancock, a Virginia gun lover, is one example. In an interview he said. "If one professor in Virginia incident had been carrying a legal weapon they might have been able to stop all this. " In his opinion, the massacre is an argument for more people to carry, weapons, not fewer.
But at the root of Americans＇ clinging to the right to bear arms is not just a fear of crime, but a mistrust of government , commented UK＇s Guardian newspaper.
One Virginia resident, who had a permit to carry; a concealed firearm, told the Guardian thin itwas every American＇s responsibility to have a gun.
"Each person," he said, "should not rely solely on the government for protection. "
【单选题】

A.make

B.own

C.destroy

D.trade

正确答案:B

答案解析:单纯从四个所给答案和weapon的关系来说，都可以构成搭配，但一定要注意文章的内容。尤其是but，尽管由于拥有枪支而发生这些令人伤心的事件，但是大多数美国人仍然不愿意放弃拥有武器的权利，所以应选择填own。

6、Gun Rights in the US
Immediately after the shooting at Virginia Tech University, Americans gathered to mourn the dead. The president and the state governor both hurried there to share the grief. But the majority of Americans still cling to their right to own weapons.
Strictly speaking, the US is not the only country where gun violence has destroyed lives, families and communities in everyday circumstance. But the US is one of the few countries that seems unwilling and politically incapable of doing anything serious to stop it.
In countries like Britain and Canada. The government adopted stricter gun control soon after serious gun violence incidents. US leaders, however, are held hostage by the gun lobby and the electoral system.
The powerful National Rifle Association, the major supporter of gun rights in the US, is too strong for any party to take on. Most Republicans oppose gun controls anyway. Over the years, the Democrats have found that they can either campaign for gun control or win power, not both; they prefer power.
According to the US Bureau of Justice Statistics, firearm incidents accounted for nine percent of the 4.7 million violent crimes in 2005. So, although opinion polls show most Americans want stricter gun laws, many don＇t want to give up their arms they ____ to protect themselves.
Dave Hancock, a Virginia gun lover, is one example. In an interview he said. "If one professor in Virginia incident had been carrying a legal weapon they might have been able to stop all this. " In his opinion, the massacre is an argument for more people to carry, weapons, not fewer.
But at the root of Americans＇ clinging to the right to bear arms is not just a fear of crime, but a mistrust of government , commented UK＇s Guardian newspaper.
One Virginia resident, who had a permit to carry; a concealed firearm, told the Guardian thin itwas every American＇s responsibility to have a gun.
"Each person," he said, "should not rely solely on the government for protection. "
【单选题】

A.hide

B.buy

C.sell

D.keep

正确答案:D

答案解析:所给的四个动词中，只有keep是状态动词，本句应选择填状态动词。

7、The Iceman
On a September day in 1991, two Germans were climbing the mountains between Austria and Italy. High up on a mountain pass, they found the body of a man lying on the ice. At that height (10,499 feet, or 3 ,200 meters) , the ice is usually permanent, but 1991 had been an especially warm year. The mountain ice had melted more than usual and so the body had come to the surface.
It was lying face downward. The skeleton (骨架) was in perfect condition, except for a wound in the head, There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes. The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth hoots. Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark (树皮) and a holder for arrows.
Who was this man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questions. Some people thought that it was from this century, perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I, since several soldiers had already been found in the area. A Swiss woman believed it might be her father, who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found. The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older, maybe even a thousand years old.
With modern dating techniques, the scientists soon learned that the Iceman was about 5,300 years old. Born in about 3300 B. C. , he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe. At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains. More recent evidence, however, tells a different story, A new kind of X - ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder. It left only a tiny hole in his skin, but it caused internal damage and bleeding. He almost certainly died from this wound, and not from the wound on the back of his head. This means that he was probably in some kind of a battle. It may have been part of a larger war, or he may have been fighting bandits. He may even have been a bandit himself.
By studying his clothes and tools, scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in. We may never know the full story of how he died, but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times.
What can be inferred from paragraph 2? ______【单选题】

A.The Iceman was killed while working.

B.The Iceman could have died from the wound in the head.

C.The Iceman lived a poor Life.

D.The Iceman was struck dead from behind.

正确答案:B

答案解析:本题有一定难度，需要较强的推断能力。通读文章第二段。第二段谈到，except for a wound in the head．他面朝下，除了头部的一个伤口，整个骨架的状况完好，据此可以推断回来看选项，找信息提示，答案是B。本题也可以先看选项，得到信息提示。

8、College Night Owls Have Lower Grades
College students who are morning people tend to get better grades than those who are night owls(晚睡的人), according to University of North Texas researchers.
They had 824 undergraduate(大学本科生的) students complete a health survey that in cluded questions about sleep habits and daytime functioning, and found that students who are morning people had higher grade point averages(GPAs) than those who are night people.
"The finding that college students who are evening types have lower GPAs is a very important finding, sure to make its way into undergraduate psychology texts in the near future, along with the research showing that memory is improved by sleep," study co - author Daniet J. Taylor said in a prepared statement.
"Further, these results suggest that it might be possible to improve academic performance by using chronotherapy (时间疗法) to help students retrain their biological clock to become more morning types," Taylor said.
The research was expected to be presented Monday at SLEEP, the annual meeting of the Associated Professional (专业的) Sleep Societies, in Baltimore.
In other findings expected to be heard at the meeting, University of Colorado researchers found a significant association between insomnia (失眠) and a decline in college students＇ academic performance.
The study included 64 psychology, nursing and medical students, average age 27. 4 years, who were divided into two groups—low GPAs and high GPAs.
Among those with low GPAs,69.7 percent had trouble falling asleep,53.1 percent experienced leg kicks or twitches (痉挛) at night, 65.6 percent reported waking at night and having trouble falling back to sleep, and 72.7 percent had difficulty concentrating during the day.
"In college students, the complaint of difficulty concentrating during the day continues to have a considerable impact on their ability to succeed in the classroom," study author Dr. James F. Pagel said in a prepared statement. "This study showed that disordered sleep has significant harmful effects on a student＇s academic performance, including GPAs."
According to Dr. Pagel, the academic performance of a student will be affected ______.【单选题】

A.if he or she is not motivated

B.if he or she is troubled by disordered sleep

C.if he or she is a morning type

D.if he or she is a lazy person

正确答案:B

答案解析:本题难度不大，答案依据比较明显，答案依据是文章最后一段最后一句，谈到睡眠紊乱对学生学术能力的副作用很大，包括考试成绩，回来看选项，B项和原文句意相符，是答案。

9、There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a record.【单选题】

A.beats

B.maintains

C.matches

D.tries

正确答案:A

答案解析:运动员在奥运会上打破记录时总让人兴奋。本题有一定难度，考察的是引申意义，beat的基本意义是“击打”，引申意义有“打破记录”的意思，和break是近义词，其他选项都是常用词汇，和答案意义差异大，最佳答案是A。

10、Reduce Packaging
Pressure increased recently on British supermarkets and retailers to reduce packaging as part of an anti - waste campaign. The campaign was initiated by The Independent newspaper. Britain generates 4.6 million tons of household waste every year by packaging.
Dozens of people have expressed anger at the excess of plastic wrapping. Campaigners have called on Britain to learn from other European countries, In Belgium, when you buy something in a plastic or glass container, you make a deposit. When returned bottles are put in a vending machine 自动售货机, the deposit is refunded. Environmentalists warn that Britain lags behind in this.
There were reports of growing unease among consumers over the amount of packaging they have to deal with. Trade standards officers also object to excessive packaging. This is because too much padding can give buyers a false impression of what they are buying.
In response to a campaign by Britain＇s The Independent newspaper, leading supermarkets have pointed to various initiatives to win the public confidence. ____
But campaigners said retailers and the government could learn much from anti - waste practices on the Continent. In Sweden, non - recyclable batteries have been taxed since 1991 to encourage a switch to alternatives. This has resulted in a 74 percent reduction in sales. In Germany, plastic bags are unheard of in supermarkets and deposits are paid for reusable plastic and glass beverage bottles.
【单选题】

A.If a product is over packaged, don＇t buy it.

B.In Belgium, when you buy something in a plastic or glass container, you make a deposit.

C.This is because too much padding can give buyers a false impression of what they are buying.

D.This has resulted in a 74 percent reduction in sales.

E.Tesco said it was saving 112,000 tons of cardboard a year by switching to reusable plastic crates (装货箱) for transporting its fresh produce.

F.The campaign was initiated by The Independent newspaper.

正确答案:E

答案解析:本题有一定难度。要认真阅读文章，理解好句意，判断出叙述逻辑，可使用排除法和代入法。本题的上句谈到了超市也发起各类活动以赢得公众的信任，可以推断此处应该举例说明一下，回来看选项，可以发现E项合适，把E项代入文中，符合上下文逻辑，是答案。