2019年职称英语考试《卫生类》考试共65题，分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理历年真题10道，附答案解析，供您考前自测提升！

1、We＇ve?seen?a?marked?shift?in?our?approach?to?the?social?issues.【单选题】

A.clear

B.regular

C.quick

D.great

正确答案:A

答案解析:题干大意：在解决这些社会问题上，我们看到了明显的转变。marked意为“明显的”，如：marked?increases（明显的增长）。clear意为“清晰的”，最符合题意，如：a?clear?explanation（清晰的解释）。regular意为“规律的”，如：regular?heart?beats（规律的心跳）。quick意为“迅速的”，如：a?quick?answer（迅速的回答）。great意为“伟大的”，如：a?great?career（伟大的事业）。

2、Many young began to taking drugs without realizing what the danger is. 【单选题】

A.risk

B.harm

C.pain

D.effect

正确答案:A

答案解析:danger和risk意思相同，表示“危险、风险”；harm:伤害、损害；pain:痛苦；effect:结果、效果。

3、It is very considerate of you to remember my birthday. 【单选题】

A.thoughtful

B.considerable

C.careful

D.concerned

正确答案:A

答案解析:considerate和thoughtful同义：体贴的、考虑周到的；considerable：相当大（或多）的、相当可观的；careful：谨慎的、小心的；concerned：挂念的、担心的、有关的。

4、They say Ireland＇s the Best
Ireland is the best place in the world to live in for 2005, according to a life quality ranking that appeared in Britain＇s Economist magazine last week.
The ambitious attempt to compare happiness levels around the world is based on the principle that wealth is not the only measure of human satisfaction and well-being.
The index of 111 countries uses data on incomes, health, unemployment, climate, political stability, job security, gender equality as well as what the magazine calls "freedom, family and community life".
Despite the bad weather, troubled health service, traffic congestion (拥挤), gender inequality, and the high cost of living, Ireland scored an impressive 8.33 points out of 10.
That put it well ahead of second-place Switzerland, which managed 8.07. Zimbabwe, troubled by political insecurity and hunger, is rated the gloomiest (最差的) , picking up only 3.89 points.
"Although rising incomes and increased individual choices are highly valued, " the report said, "some of the factors associated with modernization such as the breakdown in traditional institutions and family values in part take away from a positive impact.
"Ireland wins because it successfully combines the most desirable elements of the new with the preservation of certain warm elements of the old, such as stable family and community life. "
The magazine admitted measuring quality of life is not a straightforward thing to do, and that its findings would have their critics.
No. 2 on the list is Switzerland. The other nations in the top 10 are Norway, Luxembourg, Sweden, Australia, Iceland, Italy, Denmark and Spain.
The UK is positioned at No. 29, a much lower position chiefly because of the social and family breakdown recorded in official statistics. The US, which has the second highest per capita GDP after Luxembourg, took the 13th place in the survey. China was in the lower half the league at 60th.
The United States of America is among the top 10 countries.【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

正确答案:B

答案解析:问题句说“美国位于前十个国家的行列”。题干中的两个特征结构都在这个句子中出现了，判断这个句子应该是直接答案相关句，该句说“美国的人均国内生产总值排名第2，仅位于卢森堡之后，因此美国在这项调查中位于第13位。”显然问题句的说法与该句的说法不一致，判断问题句“错误”。

5、A Tale of Scottish Rural Life
Lewis Grassic Gibbon＇s Sunset Song (1932) was voted "the best Scottish novel of all time" by Scottish＇s reading public in 2005. Once considered shocking for its frank description of aspects of the lives of Scotland＇s poor rural farmers, it has been adapted for stage, film, TV and radio in recent decades.
The novel is set on the fictional estate of Kinraddie, in the farming country of the Scottish northwest in the years up to and beyond World War I. At its heart is the story of Chris, who is both part of the community and a little outside it.
Grassic Gibbon gives us the most detailed and intimate account of the life of his heroine. We watch her grow through a childhood dominated by her cruel but hard-working father; experience tragedy (her mother＇s suicide and murder of her twin children); and learn about her feelings as she grows into woman. We see her marry, lose her husband, then marry again. Chris has seemed so convincing a figure to some female readers that they cannot believe that she is the creation of a man.
But it would be misleading to suggest that this book is just about Chris. It is truly a novel of a place and its people. Its opening section tells of Kinraddie＇s long history, in a language that imitates the place＇s changing patterns of speech and writing.
The story itself is amazingly full of characters and incidents. It is told from Chris＇ point of view but also from that of the gossiping community, a community where everybody knows everybody else＇s business and nothing is ever forgotten.
Sunset Song has a social theme too. It is concerned with what Grassic Gibbon perceives as the destruction of traditional Scottish rural life first by modernization and then by World War I. Gibbon tried hard to show how certain characters resist the war. Despite this, the war takes the young men away, a number of them to their deaths. In particular, it takes away Chris＇ husband, Ewan Tavendale. The war finally kills Ewan, but not in the way his widow is told In fact, the Germans aren＇t responsible for his death, but his own side. He is shot because he is said to have run away from a battle.
If the novel is about the end of one way of life it also looks ahead, it is a "Sunset Song" but is concerned too with the new Kinraddie, indeed of the new European world Grassic Gibbon went on to publish two other novels about the place that continue its story.
What is the opening section of the novel mainly concerned with?【单选题】

A.The climate of Kinraddie.

B.The history of Kinraddie.

C.The geography of Kinraddie.

D.The language spoken in Kinraddie.

正确答案:B

答案解析:A: Kinraddie的气候；B: Kinraddie的历史；C: Kinraddie的地理；D: Kinraddie说的语言。看看下面这句话：Its opening section tells of Kinraddie＇s long history，in a language that imitates the place＇s changing patterns of speech and writing. 小说的开头部分讲述了Kinraddie的悠久历史，讲述时模仿了该地方变化着的口语和书面语的表达方式。可以看出B是对的。

6、Computer crimes
More and more, the operations of our business, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.
It＇s easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing, but even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers. Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected but it＇s disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck.
For example, a certain keypunch operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off the company that was being robbed unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met.
Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled the most confidential records right under the noses of the company＇s executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.
What may happen to computer criminals once they are caught?【单选题】

A.With bad reputation they can hardly find another job.

B.They will be denied access to confidential records.

C.They may walk away and easily find another job.

D.They must leave the country or go to jail.

正确答案:C

答案解析:答案在文中的倒数第二段中：计算机犯罪分子和其他犯罪分子不同的是，他们不仅不会流亡国外，或者自杀或者进监狱，而且还往往得到原雇主的褒扬和推荐，从而找到另外一份好工作。

7、Flu does
Scratchy throats, stuffy noses and body aches all spell misery, but being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu may make a difference in how long the misery lasts.
The American Lung Association (ALA) has issued new guidelines on combating colds and the flu, and one of the keys is being able to quickly tell the two apart. That＇s because the prescription drugs available for the flu need to be taken soon after the illness sets in. As for colds, the sooner a person starts taking over-the-counter remedy, the sooner relief will come.
The common cold and the flu are both caused by viruses. More than 200 viruses can cause cold symptoms, while the flu is caused by three viruses-flu A, B and C. There is no cure for either illness, but the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine (疫苗), which is, for most people, the best way to fight the flu, according to the ALA.
But if the flu does strike, quick action can help. Although the flu and common cold have many similarities, there are some obvious signs to look for.
Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradually, and adults and teens often do not get a fever. On the other hand, fever is one of the characteristic features of the flu for all ages. And in general, flu symptoms including fever and chills, sore throat and body aches come on suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms.
The ALA notes that it may be particularly difficult to tell when infants and preschool age children have the flu. It advises parents to call the doctor if their small children have flu-like symptoms.
Both cold and flu symptoms can be eased with over-the-counter medications as well. However, children and teens with a cold or flu should not take aspirin for pain relief because of the risk of Reye syndrome (综合症), a rare but serious condition of the liver and central nervous system.
There is, of course, no vaccine for the common cold but frequent hand washing and avoiding close contact with people who have colds can reduce the likelihood of catching one.
If children have flu-like symptoms, their parents ____.
【单选题】

A.are advised not to give them aspirin

B.should watch out for signs of Reye syndrome

C.are encouraged to take them to hospital for vaccination

D.should prevent them from mixing with people running a fever

正确答案:A

答案解析:第七段第二句直接指明了：儿童和十多岁的孩子不能服用阿司匹林来缓解伤风流感带来的疼痛，因为这有可能导致Reye综合症，会使肝脏和中枢神经系统处于少见的严重状态。

8、The Value of Motherhood
In shopping malls, the assistants try to push you into buying "a gift to thank her for her unselfish love". When you log onto a website, a small pop-up invites you to book a bouquet for her. Commercial warmth and gratitude are the atmosphere being spread around for this special Sunday in May.
The American version of Mother＇s Day was thought up as early as 1905, by Anna Jarvis, as a way of recognizing the real value of motherhood. The popularity of Mother＇s Day around the world suggests that Jarvis got all she wanted. In fact, she got more enough to make her horrified.
According to a research by the US card company Hallmark, 96 percent of American consumers celebrate the holiday. They buy, among other things, 132 million cards. Mother＇s Day is the No. 1 holiday for flower purchases. Then there are the various commodities, ranging from jewelry and clothes to cosmetics and washing powder that take advantage of the promotion opportunities. Because of this, Jarvis spent the last 40 years of her life trying to stop Mother＇s Day. One protest against the commercialization of Mother＇s Day even got her arrested for disturbing the peace, interestingly.
But what＇s more, commercialism changes young people＇s attitude towards motherhood. As Ralph Fevre, a reporter at the UK newspaper The Guardian, observe, traditionally "motherhood is something that we do because we think it＇s right." But in the logic of commercialism, people need something in exchange for their time and energy. A career serves this purpose better.
____. So they work hard and play hard. Becoming a mother, however, inevitably handicaps career anticipation.
motherhood has suffered a huge drop in status since the 1950s. According to the Guardian, there are twice as many child-free young women as there were a generation ago. Or, they put off the responsibility of parenting until later in their lives.
So, Fevre writes that the meaning of celebrating Mother＇s Day needs to be updated: "It is to persuade people that parenting is a good idea and to honor people for their attempt to be good people."
【单选题】

A.The American version of Mother＇s Day was thought up as early as 1905, by Anna Jarvis, as a way of recognizing the real value of motherhood.

B.But what＇s more, commercialism changes young people＇s attitude towards motherhood.

C.Obviously, the best girl will be a phone call or a visit.

D.According to a research by the US card company Hallmark, 96 percent of American consumers celebrate the holiday.

E.As a result, motherhood has suffered a huge drop in status since the 1950s.

F.In addition, women are being encouraged to pursue any career they desire.

正确答案:F

答案解析:第五段是对第四段主题的进一步发展，因此用F。

9、Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens
While some teenagers may puff on cigarettes to "self-medicate" against the blues, scientists at the University of Toronto and the University of Montreal have found that smoking may actually increasedepressive symptoms in some teens.
"This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived emotional benefits of smoking among teens," says lead researcher Michael Chaiton, a research associate at the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto." Although cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating effects or to improve mood, in the long term we found that teens who started to smoke reported higher depressive symptoms. "
As part of the study, some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires about their use of cigarettes to affect mood. Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and English participants, urban and rural schools, and schools located in high, moderate and low socioeconomic neighborhoods. Participants were divided into three groups: never smokers; smokers who did not use cigarettes to self-medicate, improve mood or physical state; smokers who used cigarettes to self-medicate. Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how felt too fired to do things: had trouble going to sleep or staying ____; felt unhappy, sad, or depressed; felt hopeless about the future; felt vexed, antsy or tense; and worried too much about things.
"Smokers who used cigarettes as mood improvers had higher risks of elevated depressive symptoms than teens who had never smoked," says co-researcher Jennifer O＇Loughlin, a professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine. "Our study found that teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are at higher risk of developing depressive symptoms."
The association between depression and smoking exists principally among teens that use cigarettes to feel better. "It＇s important to emphasize that depressive symptom scores were higher among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke," says Dr. Chaiton.
【单选题】

A.asleep

B.awake

C.still

D.silent

正确答案:A

答案解析:第九题选了trouble，空格所在的句子是“. . . had trouble going to sleep or staying”。or是“即”的意思，也就是说had trouble going to sleep意思上就相当于staying up根据这一判断，填入空格的词非awake莫属。

10、Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners.【单选题】

A.polite

B.similar

C.usual

D.bad

正确答案:A

答案解析:她的父亲温文尔雅，是一个安静的人。本题难度不大，是送分题。graceful是“典雅的，文雅的”，和polite“礼貌的”意思相近，其他三项都是常用词，和答案意义差异大，干扰性不强