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（一）中国哲学的起源

"Misfortunes of a nation may turn out to be fortunes of a philosopher," noted Qian Mu, arenowned expert in Chinese cultural studies.

国学大师钱穆曾说过：“民族的不幸是哲人的财富”

The sentence vividly summarizes ancient Chinese philosophers ａｎｄ　their work, with Chinese history providing verification through the passage of time. In the majesticperiods of Chinese history like the Han (206BC-220AD) ａｎｄ　Tang (618-907) dynasties, majｏｒachievements in the humanities occurred in the field of literature, but at times of social unrest, philosophical accomplishments were even more prominent.

这句话在中国哲学史上得到了很好的印证：国富民强的汉唐时代，古代文学熠熠生辉，而在动荡不安的年代，我们民族却在哲学上取得了很高的成就。

Ancient Chinese philosophers were born out of sorcery. After a series of incidents, ancient belief systems in destiny were gradually shaken ａｎｄ　finally collapsed. The symbolic events that indicated the birth of Chinese philosophy were all developed byhistoriographers ａｎｄ　seniｏｒofficials in the government of the Zhou Dynasty (about 11th Century-221BC) helping to explain natural ａｎｄ　social phenomena. The old-type sorcerers, who were most used to providing theological explanations, discarded their most familiar habits of resorting to augury, and emerged anew as philosophers, trying to give logical explanations by employing reason. Chinese philosophy, as a new form of culture, was born.

中国古代哲学家们起初多信奉巫术。后来，随着历史的变迁，先前的信仰体系逐渐“礼崩乐坏”。中国哲学的起源，可以追溯到周朝统治阶层中负责解释自然、社会现象的史料编纂者和官员们。他们放弃了早先以占卜来诠释万事万物的习惯，开始试图寻求理性、逻辑的解释途径。中国哲学作为一种全新的文化形式，由此诞生了。

（二）中国哲学的特征

However, because of their unique identity as sorcerers, Chinese philosophers were not merely pursuing knowledge out of a pure "love of wisdom" as did their western counterparts. While they also tried their best to explain naturally occurring phenomena, what concerned them most were social issues. The purpose of learning the "orders of things" was to provide a better ａｎｄ　more complet systematic explanation to human matters, rather than solving the problem of the absence of spiritual dependence after the collapse of primitive religious beliefs in ancient China.

然而，由于信奉巫术的传统，中国哲学家们“爱智慧”(注：“哲学”的英文philosophy源自希腊语，意为“爱智慧”)并不像西方哲学家们那样纯粹的。尽管中国哲学家们也尝试着解释一些自然现象，然而他们最关注的还是社会问题。因为，在先前的信仰体系崩溃之后，“了解事物运行的规律”(注：哲学的基本主题之一)是为了对的现有的社会存在做出更加全面、系统的解释，而不是像西方哲学那样为人们提供一个精神的归宿。

The specific social ａｎｄ　historical conditions that nurtured the birth of Chinese philosophers have not only contributed to the features of Chinese philosophy, but also influenced the characters of Chinese people."To examine heavenly ｏｒｃｅｒto learn human affairs," －－perhaps considered the prime task by ancient Chinese philosophers --characterized Chinese philosophy with the distinct feature of giving great attention to societal needs. The focal point on people led to Chinese philosophers’ suffering ａｎｄ　worries about society, especially at the times of social chaos.

这一特定的社会和历史条件不仅仅孕育出了中国哲学，也深深中国人的本性产生了深远的影响。“究天理而知人事”——被中国古代的哲学家们认为是最重要的任务。因而，中国哲学也是就自然而然的形成了关注社会需求多于关注自然的特性。同时，对于人世的贯注也使得中国的哲人们在社会动荡时期尤为痛苦。

On the other hand, ancient Chinese had a good tradition of theoretical thinking. Though the focus was always on human affairs, Chinese philosophers were always looking fｏｒa reason to develop thought that explained ordinary ｏｒmundane affairs of the day-to-day world.

另一方面，中国古人有很好的理论思考传统。尽管思考通常集中在社会事务方面，中国哲人们也试图建立、发展着能够解释宇宙万物的思想体系。

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