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翻译考试中长句翻译是十分常见,要想获得好成绩,学好相关的翻译技巧必不可少。下面的文章给大家带来了学习方法,希望对大家的学习有所帮助。
英语长句的翻译技巧和策略
1、顺序操作
英语中,若长句中的各个句子在逻辑关系、表达顺序上与汉语一致,可以保留原句的句子结构,顺句译出。“断句”是翻译的关键。
例But all I could make use of was all that was valuable: I had enough to eat and supply my wants, and what was all the rest to me? If I killed more flesh than I could eat, the dog must eat it, orvermin; if I sowed more corn than I could eat, it must be spoiled; the trees that I cut down were lying to rot on the ground; I could make no more use of them but forfuel, and that I had no occasion forbut to dress my food.
译文:但我只取我所需,只取能为我所用的:有的吃有的用,我还要那些多余的干嘛?如果捕猎过多,我吃不完,只能留给狗吃,或让害虫吃掉;如果种粮过多,我吃不了,只能放着腐烂变臭;如果伐木过多,多余的木材只能扔在地上,任其腐朽,除了当柴火,别无它用,而我也只有做饭时才会烧柴火。解析:此句的断句刚好是各个分号,容易识别。语言较为简单,顺势翻译即可。
2、句式重构
句式重构就是根据原文的结构,按照汉语叙事的习惯重新组合句子使得汉语行文更加流畅自然。
例It is impossible to express theflutterings of my very heart when I found all my wealth about me: foras the Brazil ships come all in fleets, the same ships which brought my letters brought my goods: and the effects were safe in the river before the letters came to my hand.
译文: 巴西的船只编队航行,其中一艘船带来了我的信,同时也把我的货物运载过来了:这封信送达我手中之前,财产已经安全抵达里斯本河了。当我知道我的财富近在眼前时,心中一阵阵激动狂喜之情无法言表。解析:当然此句也可以按照原文的顺序翻译。但是汉语在很多情况下,按照“原因在前,结果在后”或“前提在前,结论在后”的顺序来陈述因果关系的,英语恰恰相反。本句的中调是强调“It is impossible to express the flutterings……”的部分,所以句子结构调整下更为符合汉语的表达。
3、变词为句
英语句子依靠关联词在句子中“穿针引线”,逻辑严密,但结构复杂。汉语大多分成若干简短的句子,逐点交待。英汉翻译时,如含有动宾关系或主谓关系的表达,介词词组,名词词组等以句子形式翻译出。
例Time, however, and the satisfaction I had that I was in no danger of being discovered by these people, vegan to wear off my uneasiness about them.
译文: 然而,随着时间流逝,我深知自己不会被这些人发现,心里感到满足,惶恐不安的情绪也渐渐被驱散了。解析: 若是直译,可能会译为“然而,时间以及深知不会被这些人发现的满足心理,把我的不安驱散了”,读起来十分拗口。此句把“time”变词为句,变为”随着时间的流逝“。把“the satisfaction……”这句改为主谓结构,增强译文可读性。
总结,英汉翻译过程中需要采取各种翻译技巧和策略。长句的翻译没有放之四海而皆准的方法。翻译是一件非常需要创造性的活动,并不是字字对译或句句对译这样的简单语言转换,但不论运用何种技巧和策略都要有扎实的英汉两种语言的功底。
2020-06-03
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