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Section II Reading Comprehension Part B

Part B

Directions:

Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the A-G for each of the numbered paragraph(41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way. But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility. Here\'s what hard science reveals about eye contact:

41._____

We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother\'s eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In adulthood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone\'s attention in a crowded room. "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.

42._____

Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high-functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.

43._____

With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages, depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it\'s more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you\'re a politician or parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you\'re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.

44._____

When we look at a face or picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.

45._____

In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance, according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues. " Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.

A.Eye fixations are brief

B.Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to rude

C.Eye contact can be a friendly social signal

D.Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact

E.Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated

F.Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers

G.Eye contact can also be aggressive

【选项】

A.A

B.B

C.C

D.D

E.E

F.F

G.G

41.

【答案】C

42..

【答案】E

43.

【答案】G

44..

【答案】A

45.

【答案】D

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