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在职研究生入学考试中,英语考试部分很重要,考生要多加强此方面的练习。以下是为大家分享的2020年考研英语一阅读理解练习(答案完整版),大家可作为参考练习。一起和帮考网来看看吧!
第二篇:
Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money. Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.
With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in existential crisis.
The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific pepers produced in the world, made profits of more than £900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than £210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research; both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.
The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among is users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.
In Britain the move towars open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies. In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication, or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.
Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparingan article. These range from around £500 to $5,000. A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these “article preparation costs” had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation. In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet: labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.
26.【题干】Scientific publishing is seen as “a licence to print money” partly because _____.
【选项】
A.its funding has enjoyed a steady increase
B.its marketing strategy has been successful
C.its payment for peer review is reduced
D.its content acquisition costs nothing
【答案】D
27. 【题干】According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have _____.
【选项】
A.thrived mainly on university libraries
B.gone through an existential crisis
C.revived the publishing industry
D.financed researchers generously
【答案】A
28. 【题干】How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? _____
【选项】
A.Relieved
B.Puzzled
C.Concerned
D.Encouraged
【答案】D
29. 【题干】It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms _____.
【选项】
A.allow publishers some room to make money
B.render publishing much easier for scientists
C.reduce the cost of publication substantially
D.free universities from financial burdens
【答案】A
30. 【题干】Which of the following characteristics the scientific publishing mode? _____
【选项】
A.Trial subscription is offered
B.Labour triumphs over atstus
C.Costs are well controlled
D.The few feed on the many
【答案】D
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怎么报考在职研究生?:怎么报考在职研究生?在院校网站上输入自己的信息并提交,被录取者就能收到录取通知书,然后即可免试入学,入学读完所有课程并通过结业考试,可在3月份登陆学位网(http:申硕成功可拿到硕士学位证书。初试通过者在3月份左右参加院校复试,通过两项考试的人即可入学。被审核通过者可在收到录取通知书后直接免试入学。在院校招生时间内登录院校网站进行报名,然后等到院校的入学考试通知。
专科可以考研吗?:专科可以考研。考研有全日制研究生和在职研究生两种学习形式。其中全日制即全脱产学习,学习时间一般在周一至周五。在职研究生即半脱产学习,学习时间集中在业余时间,专科可以通过适合的形式来考研。
在职研究生准考证什么时候打印?:在职研究生准考证什么时候打印?准考证打印一般在考试前一周,考试时间为每年的12月下旬或1月初。
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