2019年职称英语考试《卫生类》考试共65题，分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理阅读理解分析5道练习题，附答案解析，供您备考练习。

1、Human Heart Can Make New Cells
Solving a longstanding (为时甚久的) mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues to generate new cardiac(心脏的 ) cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows with age.
The finding, published in the April 3 issue of Science, could open a new path for the treatment of heart diseases such as heart failure and heart attack, experts say.
"We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes (心肌细胞), are renewed," said lead researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen, a professor of stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. "It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we are born with or if they could be renewed," he said.
The process of renewing these cells changes over time, Frisen added. In a 20 - year - old, about I percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year, but the turnover (更替) rate decreases with age to only 0.45 percent by age 75.
"If we can understand how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated, it may be potentially possible to develop pharmaceuticals (药物) that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after, for example, a heart attack," Frisen said.
That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts.
"A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure," noted co - author Dr. Ratan Bhardwaj, also from the Karolinska Institute. "Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying," he said.
With this finding, scientists are "opening the door to potential therapies (疗法) to having ourselves heal ourselves." Bhardwaj said. "Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that would make heart cells make new and more cells to overcome the problem they are facing. "
But barriers remain. According to Bhardwaj, scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off, especially in older patients with heart failure. In addition, the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts-whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown.
It is not known yet if the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts ______.【单选题】

A.is high enough to replace cells faster than they're dying off

B.is of any use to researchers

C.is the same as that in healthy hearts

D.changes over time

正确答案:C

答案解析:本题难度不大，答案依据比较明显。带着题干信息词回文章定位，答案依据是文章最后一段最后一句，谈到心脏新细胞的制造数量是按照健康心脏来计算的，但是患病心脏的细胞更新率是否一样还是未知，回来看选项，C项和原文句意相符，是答案。

1、Surprised by a Miracle
I had been working in the trauma unit at a local hospital for about a year. You get used to families thinking that a "coma" patient is moving their hand or doing something that they were asked to do. "Following commands" is what we call it. Often it's "wishful thinking" on the Families' part. Nurses can easily become callous to it.
On this particular night during visiting hours, my patient's wife came in. I had taken care of him for several nights. I was very familiar with his care and what he was able to do. Actually, he didn't do anything. He barely moved at all, even when something would obviously hurt him, such as suctioning.
His wife was very short, about 5 feet tall. She had to stand on a stool to lean over him, so that she could see his face and talk to him. She climbed up on the stool. I spoke to her for a few minutes, and then stepped out to tend to my other patient. A few minutes later, she came running out of the room. In an excited voice, she said, "Donna, he's moving his hand!"
I immediately thought that it was probably her imagination, and that he had not actually done it on purpose. He had been there about a month at the time and had never made any movements on purpose. I asked her what had happened and she said, "I asked him to squeeze my hand and he did!"
This led me to another train of questioning. "But, did he let go when you asked him to?" She said yes, that he had done exactly what she asked.
I went into the room with her, not really believing that I would see anything different than I had always seen. But I decided that it would be better to pacify her than to make her think I didn't believe her or that she was somehow mistaken.
She asked him to squeeze her hand, which he did. I said, "Well, ask him to let go. " He continued to squeeze for a moment, so that when he finally did let go, I really still didn't believe that he had done it on purpose. So, I said, "Ask him to hold up one finger. " He did as asked.
Well, hmm, this was starting to get my attention. I looked at him, his face still somewhat swollen and his eyes still closed. "Stick out your tongue!" I said. He did it. I almost fell on the floor. It was the first time I had ever seen anyone "wake up. "
What was the condition of the patient before that particular night?【单选题】

A.He talked only with his wife.

B.He barely moved at all.

C.He moved only when hurt.

D.He was too lazy to do anything at all.

正确答案:B

答案解析:短文的第二段明确交代，病人在此前的日子里基本上处于一动不动状态。

1、Human Heart Can Make New Cells
Solving a longstanding mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues to generate new cardiac cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows with age.
The finding, published in the April 3 issue of Science, could open a new path for the treatment of heart diseases such as heart failure and heart attack, experts say.
"We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes, are renewed," said lead researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen, a professor of stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. "It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we are born with or if they could be renewed," he said.
The process of renewing these cells changes over time, Frisen added. In a 20-year-old, about 1 percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year, but the turnover rate decreases with age to only 0. 45 percent by age 75,
"If we can understand how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated, it may be potentially possible to develop pharmaceuticals that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after for example, a heart attack, "Frisen said.
That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts.
A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure," noted co-author Dr. Ratan Bhardwaj.
Ratan Bhardwaj, also from the Karolinska Institute. "Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying," he said.
With this finding, scientists are "opening the door to potential therapies to having ourselves heal ourselves," Bhardwaj said. "Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that would make heart cells make new and more cells to overcome the problem they are facing. "
But barriers remain. According to Bhardwaj, scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off, especially in older patients with heart failure. In addition, the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts-whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown.
In people in their mid-70s, only 0.45 percent of cardiomyocytes ____.【单选题】

A.are still functional

B.are reduced each year

C.are replaced each year

D.are damaged each year

正确答案:C

答案解析:第四段说，一个人20岁时，其每年被更替的心肌细胞为1%，随着年龄的增长，该更替率( turnover rate)不断下降，等到75岁时，只有0. 45%。

1、 Happiness
If your sense of well-being fluctuates with stock market, you might be comforted to know that money can't buy you happiness anyway.
In one American study conducted in 1993, level of income was shown to have an inverse relation to happiness: The group whose income had declined was happier overall than the group whose income had increased. A soon-to-be published review of the hundreds of studies on this subject supports the 1993 findings.
In developed countries, the correlation between income and happiness is close to zero and sometimes negative.
With a correlation between level of income and happiness somewhere between 0.12 and 0.18, the United States is near the bottom of the list; that factors other than income are overwhelmingly more important in explaining happiness.
Also, as our material wealth increases, the gap between income and satisfaction with life seems to be widening. Predictably, money has its most positive effect on the poor, but once a person has achieved a minimal standard of living level of income has almost nothing to do with happiness.
Close relationship, rather than money, is the key to happiness. Indeed, the number of one's personal friends is a much better indicator of overall satisfaction with life than personal wealth. One stands a better chance of achieving a satisfying life by spending time with friends and family than by striving for higher income. Incidentally, in the US, as people become richer, the probability
of divorce increases.
Our need for companionship is partly biological. All primates respond with pleasure to demonstrations of affection and with pain to loss of companionship. Isolated monkeys will sacrifice food just for the glimpses of another monkey. By ignoring our biologically programmed need for each other, we risk physical and mental distress.
A recent cross-national study of mental depression in the US found that in advanced countries, there is a rising tide of major depression. Teenage suicides have increased in recent decades in almost all advanced countries. Moreover, in the US since World War Ⅱ, there has been an actual decline in the proportion of people who report themselves to be "very unhappy. "
You can easily test the claim that companionship exceeds wealth as a source of happiness. Ask yourself which has a greater influence on your satisfaction with life: your income or the affection of your intimate companions and the well-being of your children? Conversely, which would make you more depressed: a reduction in salary or a divorce and isolation from your friends?
Capitalism succeeds in creating material riches, but it is less successful in building companionable societies and protecting family integrity. But developing countries still have much work to do in pursuing material wealth, where a rise in productivity still greatly increases happiness. For poorer countries, the time is not yet ripe for a shift in priorities from wealth accumulation to companionship.
Can we afford to believe that the pursuit of material gain will lead to self-fulfillment? We should continue to enjoy our wealth in good company, or else we may find that it is not satisfying.
In the author's opinion, which of the following statements is not true?
【单选题】

A. Wealth means differently to the poor and the rich.

B.Money makes the poor and the rich equally happy.

C.Money means less to a person as he achieves a higher standard of living.

D.Money means more to the poor than to the rich.

正确答案:B

答案解析: 被选项中多处提到了“富人”和“穷人”，因此利用the poor和the rich作为答案线索，这样在文章中找到了答案相关句： （第5段）Predictably，money has its most positive effect on the poor, but once a person achieved a minimal standard of living, level of income has almost nothing to do with happiness. 该句说“可以预言的是，钱对穷人有最大的影响”从该句内容可以推出这样的语意：钱对穷人和富人的影响是不同的。A：钱对穷人具有的意义比对富人更大；D：但是一旦人达到了最低生活水平，他的收入水平与快乐就几乎没有什么关系了。该部分内容与C一致（当一个人达到了更高一些的生活水平，钱对他来说所具有的意义就更小些），因此答案是B。

1、Gypsies
When school was out, I hurried to find my sister and get out of the schoolyard before seeing anybody in my class. But Barbara and her friends had beaten us to the playground entrance and they seemed to be waiting for us. Barbara said, "So now you're in the A class. " She sounded impressed. "What's the A class?" I asked. Everybody made superior yet faintly envious giggling sounds. "Well, why did you think the teacher moved you to the front of the room, dopey? Didn't you know you were in the C class before, way in the back of the room?" Of course I hadn't known. The Wenatchee fifth grade was bigger than my whole school which had been in North Dakota, and the idea of subdivisions within a grade had never occurred to me. The subdividing for the first marking period had been done before I came to the school, and 1 had never, in the six weeks I'd been there, talked to anyone long enough to find out about the A, B, and C classes.
I still could not understand why that had made such a difference to Barbara and her friends. I didn't yet know that it was shameful and dirty to be a transient laborer and ridiculous to be from North Dakota. I thought living in a tent was more fun than living in a house.
I didn't know that we were gypsies, really (how that thought would have excited me then!), and that we were regarded with the suspicion felt by those who plant toward those who do not plant. It didn't occur to me that we were all looked upon as one more of the untrustworthy natural phenomena, drifting here and there like mists or winds. I didn't know that I was the only child who had camped on the Baumann's land ever to get out of the C class. I didn't know that school administrators and civic leaders held conferences to talk about the problem of transient laborers.
I only knew that for two happy days I walked to school with Barbara and her friends, played hopscotch and jumped rope with them at class intervals, and was even invited into the house for some ginger ale ---- a strange drink I had never tasted before.
The basic reason why the people in the community distrusted the transient workers was that the transient workers ____.【单选题】

A.tended to be lawbreakers

B.had little schooling

C.were afraid of strangers

D.were temporary residents

正确答案:D

答案解析:文章第四、五段指出，当地的人（农民： those who plant）用怀疑的眼光(with the suspicion)来看待他们，因为他们住帐篷， “没有固定职业，像吉普赛人（gypsies： 这里并非真指吉普赛人，而是指他们的生活方式像吉普赛人）一样游移不定，四海漂泊( drifting here and there like mists or winds)”。