2019年职称英语考试《理工类》考试共65题，分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理精选模拟习题10道，附答案解析，供您考前自测提升！

1、Meet Your Memory
Memory is something that cannot be seen, touched or weighed. It is thought to be abstract. It is a set of skills rather than an object. Neither is there a single standard for judging a good or poor memory. There are a number of different ways in which a person may have a "good" memory.
Memory is generally viewed as consisting of three stages: (1) acquisition refers to learning the material; (2) storage refers to keeping the material in the blain until it is needed; and (3) retrieval (提取) refers to getting the material back out when it is needed.
Memory consists of at least two different processes: short-term memory and long-term memory. Short-term memory has a limited capacity and a rapid forgetting rate. Its capacity can be increased by chunking (组成大块), or grouping separate bits of information into larger chunks. Long-term memory has an almost unlimited capacity.
One measure of memory is recall, which requires you to produce information by searching the memory for it. In aided recall, you are given cues (提示) to help you produce the information. In free-recall learning, you recall the material in any order; in serial learning, you recall it in the order it was presented; and in paired-associate learning, you learn pairs of words so that when the first word is given, you can recall the second word. A second measure of memory is recognition in which you do not have to produce the information from memory, but must be able to identify it when it is presented to you. In a third measure of memory, relearning, the difference between how long it took to learn the material the first time and how long it takes to learn it again indicates how much you remember. Relearning is generally a more sensitive measure of memory than is recognition because relearning shows retention (保持) while recognition does not. Recognition is generally a more sensitive measure than recall.
Paragraph 2 ______.
【单选题】

A.Why do we forget things?

B.How do we measure memory?

C.What are the stages memory consists of?

D.What is the difference between short-term memory and long-term memory?

E.What is memory?

F.Who may have a poor memory?

正确答案:C

答案解析:第二段只有一句话，主要讲述了记忆的形成主要包括三个阶段，即获得、储存和提取。C选项What are the stages memory consists of?（记忆是由哪几个阶段组成？）与其意思相符，故C为正确答案。

2、While serving in the Senate in the early 1970s Barbara Jordan supported legislation to ban discrimination and to deal with environment problems. 【单选题】

A.list

B.forbid

C.handle

D.investigate

正确答案:B

答案解析:forbid和ban都表示“禁止、不准、不许”；handle:拿、处理、应付、控制；investigate：调查。

3、English and English Community
1 There is no doubt that English is a useful language. The people who speak English today make up the largest speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese.
2 A speech community is similar to other kinds of communities. The people who make up the community share a common language. Often they live side by side, as they do in a neighborhood, a village, or a city. More often they form a whole country. National boundaries, however, are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community. A speech community is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live.
3 We may say that anyone who speaks English belongs to the English speech community. For convenience, we may divide the speakers into two groups: one in which the speakers use English as their native language, the other in which the speakers learn English as a second language for the purpose of education, commerce, and so on.
4 Learning a second language extends one's vision and expands the mind. The history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional lives of people and their culture; a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and to feel as they feel. Learning English as a
second language provides another means of communication through which the window of the entire English speech community becomes a part of our heritage.
Paragraph 1____
【单选题】

A.Threat Posed by English

B.Definition ofa Speech Community

C.Benefits ofLeaming a Second Language

D.Advantages of Learning Chinese

E.Two Groups ofthe English Speech Community

F.A Widely Used Language

正确答案:F

答案解析:文章第1段介绍说世界上除了汉语之外，应用最广的就是英语了。

4、Snow Ranger
The two things, snow and mountains, which are needed for a ski area are the two things that cause avalanches, large mass of snow and ice crushing down the side of a mountain, often called "White Death. "
It was the threat of the avalanche and its record as a killer of man in the western mountains that created the snow ranger. He first started on avalanche control work in the winter of 1937, 38 at Alta, Utah, in Wasatch National Forest.
This mountain valley was becoming well known to skiers. It was dangerous. In fact, more than 120 persons had lost their lives in 1936 and another 200 died in 1937 as a result of avalanches before it became a major ski area.
Thus, development of Alta and other major ski resorts in the west was dependent upon controlling the avalanche. The Forest Service set out to do it, and did with its corps of snow rangers.
It takes many things to make a snow ranger. The snow ranger must be in excellent physical condition. He must be a good skier and a skilled mountain climber. He should have at least a high school education, and the more college courses in geology, physics, and related fields he has, the better.
He studies snow, terrain, wind, and weather. He learns the conditions that produce avalanches. He learns to forecast avalanches and to bring them roaring on down the mountainsides to reduce their killing strength. The snow ranger learns to do this by using artillery, by blasting with TNT, and by the difficult and skillful art of skiing avalanches down.
The snow ranger, dressed in a green parka which has a bright yellow shoulder patch, means safety for people on ski slopes. He pulls the trigger on a 75 mm. Recoilless rifle, skis waist deep in powder testing snow stability, or talks with the ski area's operator as he goes about his work to protect the public from the hazards of deep snow on steep mountain slopes.
The snow rangers are employees of____.
【单选题】

A.the Forest Service.

B.the Resource Bureau.

C.the Tourist Board.

D.the Sports Bureau.

正确答案:A

答案解析:借助备选答案的特点：答案都是专有名词（首字母都大写且名词前有定冠词the），所以可在文章中迅速查找首字母大写的专有名词然后确认答案。很容易在第4段中发珊‘The Forest Service set out to do it，and did with its crops of snow rangers”，该句说“森林服务部和它的护雪场工作人员队伍一起着手做这件事（指控制雪崩）并且做到了”，于是确认答案是A。

5、Rodman met with Tony to try and settle the dispute over his contract.【单选题】

A.solve

B.avoid

C.mark

D.involve

正确答案:A

答案解析:罗得曼和托尼会面，试图解决有关他合同的争论。本题难度不大，是送分题，干扰项干扰不强。settle的意思是“解决”，和solve“解决”是同义词，involve指“包含，牵涉”，答案是A。

6、Walking to Exercise the Brain
Do you think sitting and studying all the time will improve students grades? Think again. Getting some exercise may help, too.
New research with older people suggests that taking regular walks helps them pay attention better than if they didn't exercise.
Previous research had shown that mice learn, remember and pay attention better after a few weeks of working out on a running wheel. Mice that exercise have greater blood flow to the brain than those who don't. Their brain cells also make more connections.
Neuroscientists (神经科学家) from the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign wanted to find out if the same thing is true for people. First, they measured the physical fitness of 41 adults, ages 58 to 77, after each person walked I mile. Then, participants looked at arrows on a computer screen and had to use computer keys to show which way one particular arrow was pointing.
Adults who were physically fit were faster at the arrow task, and their answers were just as accurate as their less - fit peers, the researchers found. The fitter participants also had more blood flow to a part of their brain responsible for paying attention and making decisions.
In a second study, 15 elderly people who completed a 6 - month aerobic - training (有氧运动) course were faster at attention tasks compared with 14 seniors who just did stretching and toning (韵律操) exercises for the same amount of time.
So, even going for a walk every 2 or 3 days for just 10 to 45 minutes can help. That should be good news for the elderly.
The effects of exercising on the brains of younger people haven't been studied yet. Still, it can't hurt to take occasional breaks and go for a walk or run around with friends. Whatever you do, though, don't try to read and walk at the same time. You could end up hurting yourself!
Walking regularly helps elderly people ______.【单选题】

A.lose weight

B.become happier

C.concentrate better

D.look younger

正确答案:C

答案解析:本题难度不大，找到答案依据不难。答案依据在文章第二段。第二段谈到新的研究表明，相对于不锻炼，经常散步有助于帮助老年人更好集中精力，回来看选项，很明显，C是近义解释，是答案。

7、Meet Your Memory
1. Memory is something that cannot be seen, touched or weighed. It is thought to be abstract. It is a set of skills rather than an object. Neither is there a single standard for judging a good or poor memory. There are a number of different ways in which a person may have a good memory.
2. Memory is generally viewed as consisting of three stages: (1) acquisition refers to learning the material; (2) storage refers to keeping the material in the brain until it is needed; (3) retrieval (提取) refers to getting the material back out when it is needed:
3. Memory consists of at least two different processes: short - term memory and long - term memory. Short - term memory has a limited capacity and a rapid forgetting rate. Its capacity can be increased by chunking (组成大块), or grouping separate bits of information into larger chunks. Long - term memory has an almost unlimited capacity.
4. One measure of memory is recall, which requires you to produce information by searching the memory for it. In aided recall, you are given cues (提示) to help you produce the information. In free - recall learning you recall the material in any order. In serial learning you recall it in the order it was presented and in paired - associate learning you learn pairs of words so that when the first word is given you can recall the second word. A second measure of memory is recognition, in which you do not have to produce the information from memory, but must be able to identify it when it is presented to you. In a third measure of memory, relearning, the difference between how long it took to learn the material the first time and how long it takes to learn it again indicates how much you remember. Relearning is generally a more sensitive measure of memory than is recognition because relearning shows retention (保持) while recognition does not. Recognition is generally a more sensitive measure than recall.
As a measure of memory, relearning is more sensitive than ______.
【单选题】

A.short - term memory

B.relearning

C.needed

D.coded

E.recognition

F.slow forgetting rate

正确答案:E

答案解析:本题难度不大，答案依据比较明显，在文章第四段倒数第二句：Relearning is generally a more sensitive measure of memory than is recognition because…谈到作为测试记忆力的方法来说，再学习比识别更灵敏，回来看选项，E项recognition符合原文句意，是答案。

8、Water
The second most important constituent (构成成份) of the biosphere (生物圈) is liquid water. This can only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures, since water freezes at 0℃ and boils at 100℃. Life as we know it would only be possible on the surface of a planet which had temperatures somewhere within this narrow range.
The earth's supply of water probably remains fairly constant in quantity. The total quantity of water is not known very accurately, but it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe to a depth of about two and three - quarter kilometers. Most of it is in the form of the salt water of the oceans about 97 percent. The rest is fresh, but three -quarters of this is in the form of ice at the Poles and on mountains, and cannot be used by living systems until melted. Of the remaining fraction, which is somewhat less than one percent of the whole, there is 10 -20 times as much stored underground water as there is actually on the surface. There is also a tiny, but extremely important fraction of the water supply which is present as water vapour in the atmosphere.
Water vapour in the atmosphere is the channel through which the whole water circulation (循环) of the biosphere has to pass. Water evaporated (蒸发) from the surface of the oceans, from lakes and rivers and from moist (潮湿的) earth is added to it. From it the water comes out again as rain or snow, falling on either the sea or the land. There is, as might be expected, a more intensive evaporation per unit area over the sea and oceans than over the land, but there is more rainfall over the land than over the oceans and the balance is restored by the runoff from the land in the form of rivers.
There is more rainfall ______.
【单选题】

A.over the mountains than over the rivers

B.over the rivers than over the mountains

C.over the oceans than over the land

D.over the land than over the oceans

正确答案:D

答案解析:本题难度不大，答案依据比较明显，在文章第三段第四句，谈到陆地降雨量大于海洋上的降雨量，河流又从陆地流向海洋，恢复了水量平衡，回来看选项，D项是其近义解释，所以正确，答案是D。

9、I'd very much like to know what your aim in life is.【单选题】

A.thought

B.idea

C.goal

D.plan

正确答案:C

答案解析:我很想知道你的人生目标是什么。本题有一定难度，虽然选项都是常用词汇，但干扰项干扰较大。aim和goal都有“目标”的意思，是近义词，A项指“思想”，B项指“想法”，D项指“计划”，最佳答案是C。

10、One Good Reason to Let Smallpox Live
It's now a fair bet that we will never see the total extinction (灭绝) of the smallpox (天花) virus. When smallpox was completely got rid of in the world, scientists wanted to destroy the killer virus in the last two labs, one in the US and one in Russia. They asked: If smallpox has truly gone from the planet, what point was there in keeping these reserves?
In reality, of course, it was naive to imagine that everyone would let go of such a powerful potential weapon. Undoubtedly several nations still have a few vials (小药瓶). And the last "official" stocks of live Virus bred mistrust of the US and Russia, _____ no obvious gain.
Now American researchers have found an animal model of the human disease, opening the way for tests on new treatments and vaccines(疫苗). So once again there's a good reason to the virus, just in keep the disease puts in a reappearance.
How do we case with the mistrust of the US and Russia? deal. Keep the virus Simple international support in a well - guarded UN laboratory that's open to all countries. The US will object, of course, just as it with a multilateral (多边的) approach to just about everything. But it doesn't mean the idea is rejects. If the virus is useful, then let's wrong it the servant of all humanity make not just a part of it.
【单选题】

A.in

B.for

C.at

D.of

正确答案:B

答案解析:本题有一定难度，考查for的用法，for除了做介词外，还可做连词，表示“因为”，文章此处是说“……因为没有获得明显的收获”，答案是B。