2019年职称英语考试《综合类》考试共65题，分为单选题。小编为您整理阅读理解分析5道练习题，附答案解析，供您备考练习。

1、Culture
Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.
The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald's. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.
The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.
Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.
According to the author, the model of Pepsi ____ .【单选题】

A.is in line with the theories of the school advocating the business is business the world around

B.is different from the model of McDonald's

C.shows the reverse of globalization

D.has converged cultural differences

正确答案:A

答案解析:意为“……与同意世界商业一体化的派别的主张是一致的”。Pepsi采纳的是国际化的商业风格，这与那些主张国际化的派别的意见是相一致的。

2、A New Doctors' Dilemma
When Christian Barnard, a South African doctor, performed the first human heart transplant in1967, the result was a worldwide moral debate on the ethics of transplanting organs. Hearts were not the first human organs to be transplanted but, in this case, if a donor gave his or her heart, he or she would obviously and necessarily die (or be dead). Kidney transplants, which were already quite common in 1967, often involved the transfer of a single kidney from a close living relative. The chances of survival of the donor were somewhat diminished because he now had only one kidney and if that kidney were affected by disease, he would not have a healthy kidney in reserve. Nevertheless, the donor would certainly not necessarily die.
Undoubtedly, another reason why the first heart transplant was so controversial was the fact that we associate so many personality traits with the heart. Questions were asked of the type: "If a person had a different heart, would he still be the same person?", or "If doctors needed a dying person's heart, would they tend to declare him dead prematurely?", and so on.
Today, not only hearts and kidneys, but also such extremely delicate organs as lungs and livers, are transplanted. These developments have led to a far higher or proportion of successful operations and this, in turn, has led to greater demand for transplants. At the same time, many of the original moral questions surrounding heart transplants have been almost forgotten.
However, as a result of the heavy demand for organs, a new moral dilemma has emerged. For example, in the United States there are many people who would survive iflungs were available for transplanting. In fact, about 80% of them die before a suitable donor is found. In these circumstances who would decide if a donor were found whose lungs were equally suitable for two potential recipients?
This problem is made worse by the fact that many patients, or their families, become desperate to find a donor. Some succeed in publicizing their situation in newspapers, to politicians or on television. Sometimes, as a result, suitable donors are found. But what would happen if another patient needed the organ more than the one who got the publicity? Who would decide if the other patient should get the organ? Would it be the doctors? Or the donor? Or the family who got the publicity? If such a dilemma developed it would be very difficult to resolve and it would be a matter of life or death to the patients involved.
What organs have been transplanted since 1967?【单选题】

A.Kidneys only.

B.Kidneys and hearts.

C.Not only kidneys and hearts but lungs and livers.

D.More than the organs mentioned above.

正确答案:D

答案解析:由第3段可知不仅仅是心脏、肾脏还有肺、肝都进行过移植，因此选D。

3、The State of Marriage Today
Is there something seriously wrong with marriage today? During the past 50 years, the rate of divorce in the United States has exploded: almost 50% of marriages end in divorce now, and the evidence suggests it is going to get worse. If this trend continues, it will lead to the breakup of the family, according to a spokesperson for the National Family Association. Some futurists predict that in 100 years, the average American will marry at least four times, and extramarital (婚外的) affairs will be even more common than now.
But what are the reasons for this, and is the picture really so gloomy (明暗的)? The answer to the first question is really quite simple: marriage is no longer the necessity it once was. The institution of marriage has been based for years partly on economic need. Women used to be economically dependent on their husbands－as they usually didn't have jobs outside the home. But with the rising number of women in well－paying jobs, this is no longer the case, So they don't feel that they need to stay in a failing marriage.
In answer to the second question, the outlook may not be as pessimistic (悲观的) as it seems. While the rate of divorce has risen, the rate of couples marrying has never actually fallen very much, so marriage is still quite popular. In addition to this, many couples now simply live together and don't bother to marry. These couples are effectively married, but they do not appear in either the marriage or divorce statistics. In fact, more than 50% of first marriages survive.
So is marriage really an outdated institution? The fact that most people still get married indicates that it isn't. And it is also true that married couples have a healthier life than single people: they suffer less from stress and its consequences, such as heart problems, and married men generally consider themselves more contented than their single counterparts. Perhaps the key is to find out what makes a successful marriage and apply it to all of our relationships!
Which of the following is true about the marriage in the United States today? ____【单选题】

A.Divorce leads to the breakup of the family.

B.More than half of the married couples get divorced.

C.American people marry more than four times.

D.More and more people are getting divorced.

正确答案:D

答案解析:本题有一定难度，干扰项干扰较大，B的干扰最大，但是原文提到的是almost 50% of marriages end in divorce now，所以B项里，more than half，夸大了原意，所以正确答案应该是D。

4、One-Room Schools
One-room schools are part of the heritage of the United States, and the mention of them makes people feel a longing for "the way things were." One - room schools are an endangered species (种类), however. For more than a hundred years, one - room schools have been systematically shut down and their students were sent away to centralized schools. As recently as 1930 there were 149,000 one - room schools in the United States. By 1970 there were 1,800. Today, of the nearly 800 remaining one - room schools, more than 350 are in Nebraska. The rest are spread through a few other states that have on their road maps wide - open spaces between towns.
Now that there are hardly any left, educators are beginning to think that maybe there is something yet to be learned from one - room schools, something that served the pioneers that might serve as well today. Progressive educators have come up with new names like "peer - group teaching" and "multi - age grouping" for educational procedures that occur naturally in the one - room schools. In a one - room school the children teach each other because the teacher is busy part of the time teaching someone else. The fourth grader can work at the fifth grade level in math and the third grade level in English without the bad name associated with being left back or the pressures of being skipped (超过) ahead. A youngster with a learning disability can find his or her own level without being separated from other pupils. A few hours in a small school that has only one classroom and it becomes clear why so many parents feel that one of the advantages of living in Nebraska is that their children have to go to a one - room school.
A major characteristic of the one - room school system is that ____.【单选题】

A.learning is not limited to one grade level

B.pupils mostly study math and English

C.some children have to be left back

D.teachers are always busy

正确答案:A

答案解析:本题有一定的难度，考生不太好定位，需要认真读第二段找答案。第二段第四句话谈到，大教室学校的不同年级的学生要相互教对方，因为老师不停地忙于教其他年级的学生，换句话说，不同年级的学生要在一个大教室里学习。回来看选项，A是近义解释，是最佳答案。做本题时可以先看选项，得到信息提示。

5、March Madness
For the rest of the month, an epidemic (流行病) will sweep across the US. It will keep kids stay home from school. College students will ignore piles of homework. Employees will suddenly lose their abilities to concentrate.
The disease, known as "March Madness", refers to the nearly 65 teams in US men's college basketball tournament, it begins on March 15 and lasts through the beginning of April. Teams compete against each other in a single elimination tournament that eventually crowns a national champion.
Nearly 20 million Americans will become the prisoners of basketball festival madness.
The fun comes partly from guessing the winners for every game. Friends compete against friends, husbands against wives, and colleagues against bosses.
Big name schools are usually favored to advance into the tournament. But each year there are dark horses from little - known universities.
This adds to the madness. Watching a team from a school with 3,000 students beat a team from a school with 30,000, for many Americans, is an exciting experience. Last year the little - known George Mason University was one of the final four teams. Many people had never even heard of the university before the tournament.
College basketball players are not paid, so the game is making a name for their university and themselves. But ft doesn't mean money isn't involved. About $ 4 billion will be spent gambling on the event. According to Media Life magazine, the event will draw over $ 500 million in advertising revenue this year, topping the post - season revenue, including the NBA (全国篮球协会).
It is great fun ____.【单选题】

A.looking at wives kissing their husbands

B.listening to students talking to their teachers

C.watching farmers kicking donkeys

D.betting on the winners of each game

正确答案:D

答案解析:本题难度不大，只要认真阅读文章，找到答案依据不难。文章倒数第二段这句话：Watching a team from a school with 3,000 students beat a team from a school with 30,000，for many Americans, is an exciting experience，谈到“赌比赛谁会赢对美国人来说是一种非常兴奋的经历”，所以正确答案是D。