2019年职称英语考试《综合类》考试共65题，分为单选题。小编为您整理历年真题10道，附答案解析，供您考前自测提升！

1、Ceasing to Wear Ties
It's useless. It's dirty. It spreads disease. That's why the British Medical Association in the UK recently called for hospital doctors to stop wearing ties.
That leads to another question. Why does anyone wear a tie? Ties serve no purpose. They do not cover any part of your body and keep you warm. They always seem to get covered in food stains. Perhaps that is the purpose of the tie. It lets everyone know what you just ate.
Ties have an odd history. Soldiers from Croatia, in Eastern Europe, served as mercenaries (雇佣军) in various conflicts in the 17th century. They were identified by brightly colored pieces of silk worn around the neck. Known as cravats(围巾), these became a popular fashion item in France and eventually evolved into the tie.
It's an interesting story, but it doesn't tell us why men want to put useless pieces of cloth or silk around their necks. The answer seems to be about identification(身份证明 ). In the 19th-century Britain, ties were used by universities, military regiments (团), sports clubs, schools and gentleman's clubs. Each tie was in a particular set of colors which identified the wearer as a member of that organization. Wearing ties was also the mark of Britain's most powerful classes. That made the tie itself a symbol of power and respect. And that led it to be adopted by a much larger class-the business class.
You cannot wear a tie if you work with machinery, so wearing a tie became a sign that you were a man who used his brain to make a living, rather than his hands. It showed you were serious. It showed you were a professional. It meant that everyone who wanted a job in business had to wear one. It was just impossible to take seriously a man who did not wear a piece of colored silk around his neck. This is how millions of people came to wear ties across the world.
Is there a future for ties? The signs are not promising. Many political leaders, including British Prime Minister Tony Blair, now go without ties.
Paragraph 4 ________.
【单选题】

A.Origin of the tie

B.British ties

C.Uselessness of the tie

D.Old-fashioned ties

E.Role of the tie

F.Signs of a tieless era

正确答案:E

答案解析:第四段的主题句是第二句：The answer seems to be about identification.这里the answer后边省略了why people wear ties。该句说明人们戴领带是为了表明身份。这说明了领带在日常生活中所起的作用。E选项Role of the tie与其意思一致，故E为正确答案。

2、Making Yourself a Good Record
If you are an American and you think you might need to borrow money someday, the best thing to do is to start early.
That's because just as many employers want to hire only people with experience, banks and other creditors are usually reluctant to lend to those without a proven track record of paying back, on time, the money they have borrowed.
But if you need experience just to get a start, how do you get that start in the first place?
With a little help from your parents usually, while you are still financially dependent on them. It is easy to get a credit card or student loan when you are in college, because banks figure your parents will bail you out if you fail to pay.
So just as students take on internships to build up their resumes, one s university time can be a good time to work on another important personal record: the credit report
Credit reports are a summary of one's personal credit history, gathered by a credit reporting agency, or CRA.
Banks, and companies including hospitals, landlords and insurance companies-regularly report to the three main CRAs in the US on how their customers are doing at paying back the money they owe.
Anyone with a "legitimate business need" has the right to order individuals' reports from the CRAs. Potential creditors usually compile the information in the reports into a credit "score", ranking the level of creditworthiness. Lack of experience in borrowing in addition to a bad record of doing so, can result in a low score.
Even if you are not considering taking out a loan for such a large purchase as a home or car, your credit report can be important to getting through life. Landlords often ask for the reports to judge whether a person can be trusted to pay the rent. Credit checks are necessary for getting a credit card, even for purchasing a mobile phone calling plan.
People can obtain a copy of their own credit report, usually at a cost of around US$ 8-9. Some consumer organizations recommend doing this once a year to allow one to catch any mistakes that have slipped into the records or, even worse, to find out whether any fraud has taken place. Though the system is controlled by laws meant to protect people's privacy, it isn't fool-proof. Sometimes people take out bad loads in others' names, ______ their records.
In a society addicted tocredit, that can be a disaster.
【单选题】

A.building up

B.updating

C.improving

D.ruining

正确答案:D

答案解析:空格之前的主句的意思是：以他人名义借款不还，这样最终的结果就是毁掉他人的信用记录。

3、Continuing Education
1 People around the world agree that education is not an end, but a means to an end. In other words, we do not educate students only for the aim of educating them. Our purpose is to fit them for life. Life is varied; so is education.
2 Ideas about education are more specified in the United States. Education today is not just a high school diploma or a college degree. Many adults are not interested in going to college. They are interested in other kinds of learning. For them, learning does not end with a diploma.
3 Continuing education gives these adults the opportunity to increase their knowledge about their own field or to learn about a new field. It also gives them a chance to improve their old skills or to learn new ones. Scientists, mechanics, secretaries, barbers and cooks can take classes to improve their work skills. If they know more or learn more, they can get a better job or earn more money.
4 Continuing education classes give more adults the chance to learn new skills. There is usually a large variety of classes to choose from: typing, foreign cooking, photography, auto repair, furniture repair, or swimming. There are only some of the classes available.
5 Some adults take classes for fun or because the class will be useful for them. Other adults take continuing education classes to improve their own lives because they want to feel better about themselves.
6 Almost any community college or public school system has a continuing education program. There are classes in schools, community buildings or churches. Most classes are in the evenings, so working people can attend. The classes are usually small, and they are inexpensive.
Paragraph 4 ____
【单选题】

A.Ideas bout education in the U. S.

B.Advantages of continuing education

C.Good opportunity to learn new skills

D.Most classes are in the evening

E.Working people have easy access

F.Education helps cooks find a better job

正确答案:C

答案解析:段首句即该段的主题句。Continuing education classes give more adult the chance to learn new skill，所以答案是C。

4、She can be relied on in a crisis.【单选题】

A.looked after

B.turned on

C.believed in

D.depended on

正确答案:D

答案解析:在危机时她还是可靠的。本题有一定难度，B的干扰性最大，但在确定词的精确意义后，可以发现，relied on和depended on都是“可以依靠的”意思，所以D是最佳答案。

5、The town is famous for its magnificent buildings.【单选题】

A.high - rise

B.modern

C.ancient

D.splendid

正确答案:D

答案解析:这座小镇以华丽的建筑而出名。本题难度不大，干扰项干扰不强。magnificent和splendid都可指“华丽的”，是同义词，A项意为“高层的”，最佳答案是D。

6、We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference.【单选题】

A.offered

B.investigated

C.included

D.accepted.

正确答案:B

答案解析:会上我们探讨了扩张的可能性。本题难度不大，干扰项干扰不大，要确定好单词的引申意义。explore的引申意义有“探讨”考生要注意，investigate的本义是“调查”，引申意义是“研究”，是explore的近义解释，是答案。

7、Three Ways to Become More Creative
Most people believe they don't have much imagination. They are wrong. Everyone has imagination, but most of us, once we become adults, forget how to access it. Creativity isn't always connected with great works of art or ideas. People at work and in their free time routinely think of creative ways to solve problems. Maybe you have a goal to achieve, a tricky question to answer or you just want to expand your mind! There are three techniques to help you.
This technique involves taking unrelated ideas and trying to find links between them. First, think about the problem you have to solve or the job you need to do. Then find an image, word, idea or object, for example, a candle. Write down all the ideas/words associated with candles, light, fire, matches, wax, night, silence, etc. Think of as many as you can. The next stage is to relate the ideas to the job you have to do. So imagine you want to buy a friend an original present; you could buy him tickets to a match or take him out for the night. Imagine that normal limitations don't exist. You have as much time/space/money, etc. as you want. Think about your goal and the new possibilities. If, for example, your goal is to learn to ski (滑雪), you can now practice skiing every day of your life (because you have the time and the money). Now adapt this to reality. Maybe you can practice skiing every day in December, or every Monday in January.
Look at the situation from a different point of view. Good negotiators (谈判者) use this technique in business, and so do writers. Fiction writers often imagine they are the characters in their books. They ask questions: what does this character want? Why can't she get it? What changes must she make to get what she wants? What does she dream about? If your goal involves other people, put yourself "in their shoes". The best fishermen think they are the fish!
The second technique suggests that you just imagine ____.【单选题】

A.setting a goal is as simple as skiing

B.you have every resource to achieve your goal

C.new possibilities will soon appear

D.December and January are the best months for skiing

正确答案:B

答案解析:本题有一定的难度，A，D两项的干扰性不强，考生都可以排除，许多考生在B，C两项犹豫不决，不知道选哪个，关键还是吃透原文，并准确归纳原文。答案依据是第三段开头：Imagine that normal limitations don't exist. You have as much time/space/money，最佳答案是B。

8、Why People Use Pseudonyms (假名字)?
You can't choose the name you are given at birth, but in many countries you can change it legally when you reach adulthood. Of course, most people never change their names even if they feel unhappy about them. However some people do take this course of action－particularly artists! What makes an artist want to change their name? Sometimes it's for purely personal reasons, such as the Nobel Prize winning poet from Chile, Neftalf Reyes. He didn't want his father to know he was writing poetry, so he changed his name to Pablo Neruda when he was a young man. At other times the reason may appear strange, take the case of the Portuguese poet Femando Pessoa, who wrote under 75 different names. The reason? "When I use a different name, I always write in a different way," he explained. In most cases, however , people change their names for social, historical, political, or cultural reasons. Here are some of the most common: reason. The person's real name is just too long and difficult to remember. Let's be honest, Madonna Louise Ciccone is not as easy to remember as just plain Madonna. And short names are much easier to remember: William Bradley became Brad Pitt and Edson Arantes do Nascimento became Pele.
Sometimes names are changed for marketing purposes. For example, if a name sounds too foreign, it may be changed to something that is more recognizable in a market. So in the film world, Ramon Estsvez adopted the name Martin Sheen. Or maybe the artist's real name doesn't sound attractive－Chad Everett does sound a lot better than Raymond Cramton.
Artists sometimes ____ the name of someone they admire. Robert Zimmerman changed his name to Boo Dylan because of his admiration for the Welsh poet, Dylan Thomas.
Another reason may be practical: in the past, women found it very difficult to get published. To avoid this situation, they sometimes gave themselves men's names, so the English author Mary Ann Evans became George Eliot, and she did get her books published!
【单选题】

A.give

B.change

C.choose

D.mention

正确答案:C

答案解析:本题难度不大，可以使用作题技巧，先看选项，得到信息提示，再结合原文，很明显，要用choose，最佳答案是C。

9、Fighting for a Brighter Future for Women
When I was asked what it means to be a woman running for president, I always gave the same answer that I was proud to be running as a woman, but I was running because thought I'd be the best president.
But I am a woman and, like millions of women, I know there are still barriers and biases (偏见) out there, often unconscious, and I want to build an America that respects and embraces the potential of every last one of us.
I ran as a daughter who benefited from opportunities my mother never dreamed of. I ran as a mother who worried about my daughter's future and a mother who wants to leave all children brighter tomorrows.
To build that future I see, we must make sure that women and men understand the struggles of their grandmothers and their mothers, and that women enjoy equal opportunities, equal pay, and equal respect.
Let us resolve and work toward achieving very simple propositions (命题): there are no acceptable limits, and there are no acceptable prejudices in the 21 st century in our country.
You can also be so proud of it, from now on, it will be unremarkable for a woman to win primary state victories, unremarkable to let a woman in a close race to be our nominee (被提名者), unremarkable to think that a woman can be the president of the United States. And this is truly remarkable my friends.
We are disappointed that we couldn't go all of the way, especially the young people who put so much into this campaign. It would break my heart if, in falling short of my goal, I in any way discouraged any of you from pursuing yours.
We always aim high, work hard, and care deeply about what you believe in. And when you stumble (绰倒), keep faith. And, when you're knocked down, get right back up and never listen to anyone who says you can't or shouldn't go on.
As we gather here today in this historic, magnificent building, the 50th woman will leave the Earth and orbit (绕轨道运行) overhead. If we can blast 50 women into space, we will someday launch a woman into the White House.
Many American young people feel disappointed at Hillary's failure to win the nomination.
【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

正确答案:A

答案解析:本题有一定难度，考生需要认真阅读文章，寻找答案依据。答案依据在文章倒数第三段，这一段谈到，那些对于我们没有尝试所有办法而感到失望的人，尤其是年轻人，在这次大选活动中，付出那么多……可以判断出年轻人对希拉里的落选感到失望，所以本题正确，答案是A。

10、Stop Eating Too much
"Clean your plate!"and" Be a member of the clean-plate club!" Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often, it's accompanied by an appeal: "Just think about those starving orphans (孤儿) in Africa!" Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites. Instead of saying "clean the plate", perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.
According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies(肚子). A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.
Barbara Rolls, a nutrition (营养) professor at Pennsylvania State University, told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1970s, the same time that the American waistline(腰围) began to expand.
Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently, some customers are calling for this too. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed believed restaurants served portions that were too large; 23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed. But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can't afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earn at least $ 150,000 per year prefer smaller portions; but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25, 000 want smaller.
It's not that working class Americans don't want to eat healthy. It's just that, after long hours at low-paying jobs, getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal. They live from paycheck (薪金支票) to paycheck, happy to save a little money for next year's Christmas presents.(2008年)
Parents in the United States tend to ask their children ______.
【单选题】

A.to save food for tomorrow

B.to wash the dishes

C.mottos eat too much

D.not to waste food

正确答案:D

答案解析:题干问“美国父母总是让他们的孩子做什么”。参见第一段，其中提到：每个美国孩子都能从父母或爷爷奶奶那里听到这样的话，“把你盘子里的东西吃光”。故正确答案为D。