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2019年职称英语考试《综合类》历年真题精选
帮考网校2019-11-05 11:23
2019年职称英语考试《综合类》历年真题精选

2019年职称英语考试《综合类》考试共65题,分为单选题。小编为您整理历年真题10道,附答案解析,供您考前自测提升!


1、She was sent a box of chocolates along with a letter saying she was fired.【单选题】

A.killed

B.shot

C.dismissed

D.murdered

正确答案:C

答案解析:题干大意:有人送她一盒巧克力,附带一封告诉她被解雇的信。画线词fired(解雇)与选项dismissed(解雇)同义。kill:杀死;shot:射击;murder:谋杀。故答案为C。

2、Making Yourself a Good Record
If you are an American and you think you might need to borrow money someday, the best thing to do is to start early.
That's because just as many employers want to hire only people with experience, banks and other creditors are usually reluctant to lend to those without a proven track record of paying back, on time, the money they have borrowed.
But if you need experience just to get a start, how do you get that start in the first place?
With a little help from your parents usually, while you are still financially dependent on them. It is easy to get a credit card or student loan when you are in college, because banks figure your parents will bail you out if you fail to pay.
So just as students take on internships to build up their resumes, one s university time can be a good time to work on another important personal record: the credit report
Credit reports are a summary of one's personal credit history, gathered by a credit reporting agency, or CRA.
Banks, and companies including hospitals, landlords and insurance companies-regularly report to the three main CRAs in the US on how their customers are doing at paying back the money they owe.
Anyone with a "legitimate business need" has the right to order individuals' reports from the CRAs. Potential creditors usually compile the information in the reports into a credit "score", ranking the level of creditworthiness. Lack of experience in borrowing in addition to a bad record of doing so, can result in a low score.
Even if you are not considering taking out a loan for such a large purchase as a home or car, your credit report can be important to getting through life. Landlords often ask for the reports to judge whether a person can be trusted to pay the rent. Credit checks are necessary for getting a credit card, even for purchasing a mobile phone calling plan.
People can obtain a copy of their own credit report, usually at a cost of around US$ 8-9. Some consumer organizations recommend doing this once a year to allow one to catch any mistakes that have slipped into the records or, even worse, to find out whether any fraud has taken place. Though the system is controlled by laws meant to protect people's privacy, it isn't fool-proof. Sometimes people take out bad loads in others' names, ______ their records.
In a society addicted tocredit, that can be a disaster.
【单选题】

A.building up

B.updating

C.improving

D.ruining

正确答案:D

答案解析:空格之前的主句的意思是:以他人名义借款不还,这样最终的结果就是毁掉他人的信用记录。

3、Geology and Heap
(1)The importance of particular metals in the human diet has been realized within the past few decades, and the idea that geology might be related to health has been recognized for a number of elements such as iodine, zinc and selenium. For example, soils with low iodine contents produce crops, and animals deficient in iodine. A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases.
(2)The ultimate source of metals within the human body is rocks, which weather into soil, gaining or losing some of their chemical constituents. The crops we eat selectively remove from the soil the elements that they require for growth. The water we drink contains trace elements leached from rock and soil. Thus the geology and geochemistry of the environment have effects on the chemistry and health of plants, animals and people.
(3)So far there is no data to suggest that people living on metal-rich soils experience a potential health hazard. The levels of metals within naturally contaminated soils are generally not high enough to cause serious health problems. Living on metal-rich soils does not represent a health risk unless large quantities of soil are digested or metal-rich dust is inhaled. However, small children are particularly exposed to metal-rich topsoil in playgrounds and gardens. They are also the most likely ones to eat potentially dangerous metal-rich soil.
(4)Heavy metals are persistent: they do not break down to other chemicals in the environment. Industrially polluted sites usually undergo intensive clean-up and rehabilitation because heavy metals are a health concern once they enter the food chain. Some trace metals are alleged to cause cancer and are also known to cause poisoning
(5)In contrast, naturally contaminated soils have not been subject too risk assessment studies and rehabilitation measures, despite the fact that they frequently possess metal concentrations well above those of such polluted by humans and above environmental quality criteria.
(6)There is a vital need to understand the potential risks and long-term health effects of living on naturally contaminated soils. Future environmental investigations of naturally polluted soils should concentrate on the potential pathways of metals into the food chain and human body. Geologists should be part of such studies as they can provide the essential background information on rock and soil chemistry as well as the chemical forms of heavy metal pollution.
It is extremely necessary to study the long-term effects caused by living on____ .
【单选题】

A.industrially polluted soils

B.rock and soil chemistry

C.naturally polluted soils

D.the pathways of metals into the food chain

E.the element of iodine

F.the persistence of heavy metals

正确答案:C

答案解析:本题答案的依据是最后一段的第1句,即“There is a vital need to understand the potential risks and long-terse health effects of living on naturally contaminated soils. ”

4、A Strong Greenhouse Gas
1 Methane is a colorless, odorless gas; it is also a potent greenhouse gas, and once released into the atmospheres, it absorbs beat radiating from Earth's surface. That's why methane is a major contributor to the planet's increasing temperature rise or global warming. Molecule for molecule, methane's heat-trapping power in the atmosphere is 21 times stronger than carbon dioxide, the most abundant greenhouse gas.
2 With 13 billion cows belching almost constantly around the world (100 million in the U. S. alone), it's no surprise that menace released by livestock is one of the chief sources of the gas. Other prime methane sources: petroleum, drilling, coal mining, solid-waste landfills and wetlands.
3 Greenhouse gases like methane and carbon dioxide make up only a small part of Earth's atmosphere, which is 78 percent nitrogen and nearly 21 percent oxygen. And without greenhouse gases to trap the sun's heat and warm the planet, life as we know it couldn't exist. But in the last200 years, human activity that requires burning oil, natural gas, and coal for energy has magnified the greenhouse effect.
4 Atmospheric concentrations of methane have more than doubled in the last two centuries. Blame for this often focuses on big industries and gas-guzzling vehicles. But agriculture plays a major role, too. In the past 40 years alone, the global cattle population has doubled.
5 Cows munch mostly grasses and hay yet they grow big and hefty. Why? Because of the rumen. The rumen holds 160 liters of food and billions of microbes. These microscopic bacteria and protozoa break down cellulose and Fiber into digestible nutrients. A cow couldn't live without its microbes. As the microbes digest cellulose, trey release methane. The process occurs in all animals with a rumen (cows, sheep, and goats, for example), and it makes them very gassy. It's part of their normal digestion process. When they drew their cud, they regurgitate some food to rechew it, and all this gas comes out. The average cow expels 600 liters of methane a day.
That's why we say livestock gas is also a major factor of causing the global warming.
Paragraph l ____
【单选题】

A.Life of Macroscopic Bacteria in Livestock's Rumen

B.Ways to Reduce Methane's Heat-trapping Power

C.Agriculture Also Contributes to Increased Concentrations of Methane in the Atmosphere

D.Why Livestock Releases Methane

E.Methane as a Strong Greenhouse Gas

F.Livestock as a Prime Factor of the Greenhouse Effect

正确答案:E

答案解析:本段的第3句点出了“methane's heat-trapping power in the atmosphere is 21 times stronger than carbon dioxide. ”

5、Human Space Exploration
While scientists are searching the cause of the Columbia disaster, NASA is moving ahead with plans to develop a new craft that would replace shuttles(航天飞机) on space station missions by2012 and respond quickly to space station emergencies.
The space agency released the first set of mission needs and requirements several days ago for me orbital space plane (轨道航天飞机), which would be designed to transport a crew of four to and from the International Space Station.
Although it includes few specifics, the plan states the orbiter(轨道航天飞机) will be safer cheaper and require less preparation time than the shuttle. It would be able to transport four crew members by 2012 though it would be available for rescue missions by 2010. NASA says the craft should be able to transport injured or ill space station crew members to "definitive(决定性的) medical care" within 24 hours.
The release of the requirements showed NASA remains focused on the long-term priorities of space exploration, even as questions exist concerning the loss of Columbia and its seven member crew on February l, 2003.
Expels at Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, have been working for years on a successor to the shuttle. The project, known as the Space Launch Initiative (倡议), was divided last year into two parts----one focusing on a future launch vehicle, the other on a space station orbiter. The orbiter is expected to be ready sooner.
The program's managers say NASA officials have told them not to alter Space Launch Initiative in light of the Columbia disaster.
U. S. President George W. Bush asked Congress for about US$1 billion for Space Launch Initiative in 2004, funds that would be almost equally split between the Orbital Space Plane and Next Generation Launch Technology.
Besides its main mission, the orbiter would also be used as .【单选题】

A.a medical research center

B.a space station

C.a space ambulance

D.a passenger plane

正确答案:C

答案解析:此题与第41题相连,问除了运送航天员这一主要使命外,航天飞机还用来干什么?原文第1句也回答了这个问题,那就是把它作为太空急救车,故C为正确答案。

6、Robotic Highway Cones
A University of Nebraska professor has developed robotic cones and barrels. These robotic cones and barrels can move out of the way, or into place, from computer commands made miles away. .
They can even be programmed to move on their own at any particular part of the day, said Shane Farritor, an assistant professor of mechanical engineering at Nebraska.
For example, if workers arrived at 6 am, the cones could move from the side of the highway to block off the lane at that time. And they can return to the original place at the end of the day. "It just seems like a very good application for robots," Farritor said. "The robotic cones would also help remove people from hazardous jobs on the highway putting barrels and cones into place," Farritor said in a report on his creation. Word on the idea began in 2002 using a National Academy of Sciences grant . The fund allowed Farritor to work on the project with graduate students at Nebraska and his assistant Steve Goddard.
The robots are placed at the bottom of the cones and barrels and are small enough not to greatly change the appearance of the construction aides. "It would look exactly the same," Farritor said. "Normally there's a kind of rubbery, black base to them. ____
Farritor has talked with officials from the Nebraska Department of Roads about how the robots would be most useful to what they might need
The robots could come in handy following a slow-moving maintenance operation, like painting a stripe on a road or moving asphalt, where now the barrels have to be picked up and moved as the operation proceeds. "That way you don't have to block off a l0-mile strip for the operation. " Farritor said.
While prototypes have been made, they are not in use anywhere. Farritor said he has applied for a patent and is considering what to do next. He is thinking about starting a small business. . He is also thinking about marketing the robots to roads departments and others across the country which may benefit from them.【单选题】

A.And they can return to the original place at the end of the day.

B.He is thinking about starting a small business.

C.Farritor was "Inventor of the Year" in 2003.

D.Word on the idea began in 2002 using a National Academy of Sciences grant

E.We replace that with a robot.

F.These robotic cones and barrels can move out of the way, or into place, from computer commands made miles away.

正确答案:E

答案解析:这一段说机器人安装在锥形路标和路障的底部,其原来外貌几乎没有什么改变。原来的底部是黑色,用类似橡胶的材料制成。而E句的that指的是底部(base),E句的意思是“用机器人置换底部”。

7、Woman work
Though some people have suggested that women should return to housework in order to leave more jobs for men, the idea has been rejected by both women and men in public opinion polls.
Lately some union officials have suggested that too many women are employed in types of work more suitable for men and that women should step aside to make way for unemployed young men. They argue that women, especially women in their childbearing years,
____ delay economic development and result in productivity, poor quality and inefficiency.
To solve the problem, they suggested that working women stay at home while their husbands or brothers were given double wages. They argue that under these circumstances, families would remain their same level of income, and women could run the house and raise children much better,
The suggestion, however , has been flatly rejected by 9 0ut of 10 people polled .
Some other people have suggested another way called "phased employment" theory. The theory suggests that a woman worker take leave from her job when she is seven months pregnant and stay off the job until her baby reaches the age of 3. It suggested that women on leave receive 75 percent of their normal salary and be allowed to return to work after the three-year period. This will benefit children, women, their families and the society and it definitely seems to be more acceptable than the suggestion that women return to their homes forever.
【单选题】

A.strangely

B.unusually

C.approximately

D.actually

正确答案:D

答案解析:actually:事实上、实际上。根据上下文可以得知,此处应为“实际上阻碍了经济发展”,因此答案为D。strangely:奇怪地;unusually:不寻常地;approximately:大约。

8、If we leave now, we should miss the traffic.【单选题】

A.direct

B.stop

C.mix

D.avoid

正确答案:D

答案解析:我们现在走,应能避开交通高峰。本题考查引申意义,miss指“想念”,引申意思是“错过,避开”,和avoid“避免”是近义词,其他三项都是常用词,和答案意义差异较大,干扰性不强。

9、One-Room Schools
One-room schools are part of the heritage of the United States, and the mention of them makes people feel a longing for "the way things were." One - room schools are an endangered species (种类), however. For more than a hundred years, one - room schools have been systematically shut down and their students were sent away to centralized schools. As recently as 1930 there were 149,000 one - room schools in the United States. By 1970 there were 1,800. Today, of the nearly 800 remaining one - room schools, more than 350 are in Nebraska. The rest are spread through a few other states that have on their road maps wide - open spaces between towns.
Now that there are hardly any left, educators are beginning to think that maybe there is something yet to be learned from one - room schools, something that served the pioneers that might serve as well today. Progressive educators have come up with new names like "peer - group teaching" and "multi - age grouping" for educational procedures that occur naturally in the one - room schools. In a one - room school the children teach each other because the teacher is busy part of the time teaching someone else. The fourth grader can work at the fifth grade level in math and the third grade level in English without the bad name associated with being left back or the pressures of being skipped (超过) ahead. A youngster with a learning disability can find his or her own level without being separated from other pupils. A few hours in a small school that has only one classroom and it becomes clear why so many parents feel that one of the advantages of living in Nebraska is that their children have to go to a one - room school.
What is the author's attitude towards one - room schools? ____ 【单选题】

A.Critical.

B.Humorous.

C.Angry.

D.Praising.

正确答案:D

答案解析:本题是态度题,有一定难度。需要认真阅读全文才能作出判断。全文只有两大段,第一段开头,作者就表达了人们对大教室学校体制的怀念和留念,第二段里,作者进一步谈了这种学校的好处,并在最后提到家长们都喜欢自己的孩子去单教室学校上课,这些阐述表明作者持赞同的态度,答案是A。

10、A Bad Idea
Think you can walk, drive, take phone calls, e - mail and listen to music at the same time? Well, New York's new law says you can't. And you'll be fined $ 100 if you do so on a New York city street. The law went into force last month, following research and a shocking number of accidents that involved. people using electronic gadgets (小巧机械) when crossing the street.
Who's to blame? ____ "We are under the impression that our brain can do more than it often can," says Rene Marois, a neuroscientist (神经科学家) in Tennessee. "But a core limitation is the inability to concentrate on two things at once."
The young people are often considered the great multitaskers. However, an Oxford University research suggests this perception is open to question. A group of 18 to 21 years old and a group of 35 to 39 years old were given 90 seconds to translate images into numbers, using a simple code. The younger group did 10 percent better when not interrupted. But when both groups were interrupted by a phone call or an instant message, the older group matched the younger group in speed and accuracy.
It is difficult to measure the productivity lost by multitaskers. Jonathan Spira, chief analyst at Basex, a business - research firm, estimates that the cost of interruptions to the American economy is nearly $650 billion a year, The estimate is based on surveys with office workers. The surveys conclude that 28 percent of the workers' time was spent on interruptions and recovery time before they returned to their main tasks.
【单选题】

A.Talking on a cell phone while driving brings you joy anyway.

B.The estimate is based on surveys with office workers.

C.The younger group did 10 percent better when not interrupted.

D.However, an Oxford University research suggests this perception is open to question.

E.Scientists say that our multitasking (多任务处理) abilities are limited.

F.And you'll be fined $ 100 if you do so on a New York city street.

正确答案:E

答案解析:本题难度很大。可用排除法和代入法。本题的下文谈到了神经学家说的话,即我们的大脑比它平时能做的要多得多,但把精力集中在两件事情上的能力是有限的,是一段具体论述,那么可以推断本题此处应该是一个概括性的句子,以引导本题的下文,回来看选项,把E代入文中,符合逻辑,答案是E。

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