2019年职称英语考试《综合类》考试共65题，分为单选题。小编为您整理历年真题10道，附答案解析，供您考前自测提升！

1、Can you give me a concrete example to support your idea?【单选题】

A.special

B.good

C.real

D.specific

正确答案:D

答案解析:题干大意：你能给我一个具体的例子来支持你的想法吗？句中concrete的意思是“具体的”，同义词是specific，如：In painting art，the most specific theme and image often expresses the most abstract thinking.（在绘画艺术中，最具体的主题和形象所表达的往往是最抽象的思想。）special：特殊的；good:好的；real:真实的。

2、Robots
The most sophisticated (先进的) Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or Europe.
Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, today their commonest uses are for more skilled work like welding (焊接), spray-painting and assembling components.
In Britain robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively.
It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job.
It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material published in Japan.
The reliability of robots is measured in their MTBF or mean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10,000 hours today (equivalent to working 18 hours a day for two years). One way robot manufacturers have increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small .sample.
The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control. One programmed robots can work more accurately and consistently than humans, who can get tired and bored.
One disadvantage of using robots is that they consume________.
【单选题】

A.too much energy

B.based on American designs

C.they are too costly

D.they are not reliable

E.quality control

F.free of charge

正确答案:A

答案解析:首先根据语法知识，及物动词consume后加名词作宾语，排除选项B、C、D。consume作动词表示“消耗”，剩余选项中只有A选项“too much energy”可以与其搭配。此外，文章第四段It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job也表明：做同样的工作，机器人平均要消耗的能量是人类的100多倍。由此可以肯定A为正确答案。

3、Migrant (移民的) Workers
In the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another. While some countries have restricted most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers. This is particularly the case in the Middle East, where increased oil incomes have enabled many countries to call in outsiders to improve local facilities. Thus the Middle East has attracted oil workers from the USA and Europe. It has brought in workers from many countries, ______ South Korea and Japan.
In view of the difficult living and working conditions in the Middle East, it is not surprising that the pay is high to attract suitable workers. Many engineers and technicians can earn at least twice as much money in the Middle East as they can in their own country, and this is a major attraction .
Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating (补偿的) advantage. For example, the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each other for safety and comfort. In a similar way, many migrant workers can save large sums of money partly because of the lack of entertainment facilities. The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents challenge to engineers who prefer to find solutions to problems rather than do routine work in their home country.
One major problem which affects migrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are temporary ones. They are nearly always on contract, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence. This is to be expected since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents. In any case, migrant workers accept this disadvantage, along with others, because of the considerable financial benefits which they receive.
【单选题】

A.opposing

B.limiting

C.including

D.asking

正确答案:C

答案解析:很显然，整个句子的意思是：中东引进了包括韩国和日本在内的许多国家的工人。因此including（包括）是正确的答案。

4、Fermi Problem
On a Monday morning in July, the world＇s first atom bomb exploded in the New Mexico desert, Forty seconds later, the shook waves reached the base camp where the Italian-American physicist Enrico Fezmi and his team stood. After a mental calculation, Fermi announced to his team that the bomb＇s energy had equated 10,000 tons of TNT. The bomb team was impressed, but not surprised. Fermi＇s genius was known throughout the scientific world. In 1938 he had won a Nobel Prize. Four years later he produced the first nuclear chain reaction, leading us into the nuclear age. Since Fermi＇s death in 1954, no physicist has been at once a master experimentalist and a leading theoretician.
Like all virtuosos (大师), Fermi had a distinctive style. He preferred the most direct route to an answer. He was very good at dividing difficult problems into small, manageable bits talent we all can use in our daily lives.
To develop this talent in his students, Fermi would suggest a type of question now known as a Fermi problem. Upon first hearing one of these, you haven＇t the remotest notion of the answer, and you feel certain that too little information had been given to solve it, Yet when the problem is broken into sub-problems, each answerable without the help of expert. s or books, you can come close to the exact solution.
Suppose you want to determine Earth＇s circumference without looking it up. Everyone knows that New York and Los Angeles are about 3,000 miles apart and that the time difference between them is three hours. Three hours is one-eighth of a day, and a day is the time it takes the planet to complete one rotation, so its circumference must be eight times 3000 0r 24000 miles. This answer differs from the true value, 24,902. 45 miles, by less than four percent.
Ultimately the value of dealing with everyday problems the way Fermi did lies in the rewards of making independent discoveries and inventions. It doesn＇t matter whether the discovery is as important as determining the power of an atom or as small as measuring the distance between New York and Los Angeles. Looking up the answer, or letting someone else find it deprives you of the pleasure and pride that accompany creativity, and deprives you of an experience that builds up self-confide. Thus, approaching personal dilemmas as Fermi problems can become a habit that enriches your life.
The last paragraph concludes the whole writing by stressing the value of important inventions and small discoveries.
【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

正确答案:B

答案解析:最后一段是全篇的结论，强调了Fermi问题的价值：Ultimately the value of dealing with everyday problems the way Fermi did lies in the rewards of making independent discoveries and inventions。

5、Geology and Heap
(1)The importance of particular metals in the human diet has been realized within the past few decades, and the idea that geology might be related to health has been recognized for a number of elements such as iodine, zinc and selenium. For example, soils with low iodine contents produce crops, and animals deficient in iodine. A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases.
(2)The ultimate source of metals within the human body is rocks, which weather into soil, gaining or losing some of their chemical constituents. The crops we eat selectively remove from the soil the elements that they require for growth. The water we drink contains trace elements leached from rock and soil. Thus the geology and geochemistry of the environment have effects on the chemistry and health of plants, animals and people.
(3)So far there is no data to suggest that people living on metal-rich soils experience a potential health hazard. The levels of metals within naturally contaminated soils are generally not high enough to cause serious health problems. Living on metal-rich soils does not represent a health risk unless large quantities of soil are digested or metal-rich dust is inhaled. However, small children are particularly exposed to metal-rich topsoil in playgrounds and gardens. They are also the most likely ones to eat potentially dangerous metal-rich soil.
(4)Heavy metals are persistent: they do not break down to other chemicals in the environment. Industrially polluted sites usually undergo intensive clean-up and rehabilitation because heavy metals are a health concern once they enter the food chain. Some trace metals are alleged to cause cancer and are also known to cause poisoning
(5)In contrast, naturally contaminated soils have not been subject too risk assessment studies and rehabilitation measures, despite the fact that they frequently possess metal concentrations well above those of such polluted by humans and above environmental quality criteria.
(6)There is a vital need to understand the potential risks and long-term health effects of living on naturally contaminated soils. Future environmental investigations of naturally polluted soils should concentrate on the potential pathways of metals into the food chain and human body. Geologists should be part of such studies as they can provide the essential background information on rock and soil chemistry as well as the chemical forms of heavy metal pollution.
Paragraph 3 ______
【单选题】

A.No Evidence to Indicate Bad of Naturally Contaminated Soil

B.Potential Hazards of Human Contaminated Soils

C.Research an Channels of Heavy Metals Getting into Human Food Chain

D.Geology and Health Problems

E.Rocks----the Ultimate Source of Soil Pollution

F.Long-term Health Effects on Children

正确答案:A

答案解析:第3段谈及的是自然污染的土壤一般情况下对人体不会造成危害。此段首句就提示了这一点： So far there is no data to suggest that people living on metal-rich soils experience a potential health hazard.

6、Geology and Heap
(1)The importance of particular metals in the human diet has been realized within the past few decades, and the idea that geology might be related to health has been recognized for a number of elements such as iodine, zinc and selenium. For example, soils with low iodine contents produce crops, and animals deficient in iodine. A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases.
(2)The ultimate source of metals within the human body is rocks, which weather into soil, gaining or losing some of their chemical constituents. The crops we eat selectively remove from the soil the elements that they require for growth. The water we drink contains trace elements leached from rock and soil. Thus the geology and geochemistry of the environment have effects on the chemistry and health of plants, animals and people.
(3)So far there is no data to suggest that people living on metal-rich soils experience a potential health hazard. The levels of metals within naturally contaminated soils are generally not high enough to cause serious health problems. Living on metal-rich soils does not represent a health risk unless large quantities of soil are digested or metal-rich dust is inhaled. However, small children are particularly exposed to metal-rich topsoil in playgrounds and gardens. They are also the most likely ones to eat potentially dangerous metal-rich soil.
(4)Heavy metals are persistent: they do not break down to other chemicals in the environment. Industrially polluted sites usually undergo intensive clean-up and rehabilitation because heavy metals are a health concern once they enter the food chain. Some trace metals are alleged to cause cancer and are also known to cause poisoning
(5)In contrast, naturally contaminated soils have not been subject too risk assessment studies and rehabilitation measures, despite the fact that they frequently possess metal concentrations well above those of such polluted by humans and above environmental quality criteria.
(6)There is a vital need to understand the potential risks and long-term health effects of living on naturally contaminated soils. Future environmental investigations of naturally polluted soils should concentrate on the potential pathways of metals into the food chain and human body. Geologists should be part of such studies as they can provide the essential background information on rock and soil chemistry as well as the chemical forms of heavy metal pollution.
It is extremely necessary to study the long-term effects caused by living on____ .
【单选题】

A.industrially polluted soils

B.rock and soil chemistry

C.naturally polluted soils

D.the pathways of metals into the food chain

E.the element of iodine

F.the persistence of heavy metals

正确答案:C

答案解析:本题答案的依据是最后一段的第1句，即“There is a vital need to understand the potential risks and long-terse health effects of living on naturally contaminated soils. ”

7、Human Space Exploration
While scientists are searching the cause of the Columbia disaster, NASA is moving ahead with plans to develop a new craft that would replace shuttles(航天飞机) on space station missions by2012 and respond quickly to space station emergencies.
The space agency released the first set of mission needs and requirements several days ago for me orbital space plane (轨道航天飞机), which would be designed to transport a crew of four to and from the International Space Station.
Although it includes few specifics, the plan states the orbiter(轨道航天飞机) will be safer cheaper and require less preparation time than the shuttle. It would be able to transport four crew members by 2012 though it would be available for rescue missions by 2010. NASA says the craft should be able to transport injured or ill space station crew members to "definitive(决定性的) medical care" within 24 hours.
The release of the requirements showed NASA remains focused on the long-term priorities of space exploration, even as questions exist concerning the loss of Columbia and its seven member crew on February l, 2003.
Expels at Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, have been working for years on a successor to the shuttle. The project, known as the Space Launch Initiative (倡议), was divided last year into two parts----one focusing on a future launch vehicle, the other on a space station orbiter. The orbiter is expected to be ready sooner.
The program＇s managers say NASA officials have told them not to alter Space Launch Initiative in light of the Columbia disaster.
U. S. President George W. Bush asked Congress for about US$1 billion for Space Launch Initiative in 2004, funds that would be almost equally split between the Orbital Space Plane and Next Generation Launch Technology.
The design of the orbiter indicates ____ .【单选题】

A.NASA＇s determination to continue space exploration

B.NASA＇s disadvantage in space technology

C.the great pressure from Congress on NASA

D.a heavy defeat for NASA

正确答案:A

答案解析:此题问的是设计这架航天飞机表明了什么？选项A的意思是“NASA继续探索太空的决心”。其他几个选项的意思均与原文不符，所以A为答案。

8、The love of money is the root of all evil.【单选题】

A.result

B.end

C.cause

D.force

正确答案:C

答案解析:贪财是万恶之源。本题有一定难度，干扰项的干扰较强，A项的干扰很大，有好多考生选了A，result指“结果”，题干里root指“根源”，选项里只有cause“原因”是其近义解释，是最佳答案。

9、A Country＇s Standard of Living
The "standard of living" of any country means the average person＇s share of the goods and services the country produces. A country＇s standard of living, therefore, depends first on its capacity to produce wealth. "Wealth" in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money but on things that money can buy: "goods such as food and clothing", and "services" such as transport and entertainment.
A country＇s capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors most of which have an effect on one another. Wealth depends to a great extent upon a country＇s natural resources. Some region of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have fertile (肥沃的) soil and a favorable climate, other regions possess none of them.
Next to natural resources comes the ability to ____ them to use, China is perhaps as rich as the USA in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and external wars, For this and other reasons it was unable to develop her resources. Sound and stable political conditions, and freedom from foreign invasions, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, to produce more wealth than other country.
A country＇s standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and consumed within its own borders, but also upon what is directly produced through international trade. For example, Britain＇s wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if she had to depend only on those grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus (剩余的) manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products which would otherwise be lacking. A country＇s wealth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing capacity, providing that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures.
【单选题】

A.move

B.force

C.turn

D.push

正确答案:C

答案解析:本题有一定难度，干扰项干扰较大，本题考点是动词短语turn to，使变成，最佳答案是C。

10、The State of Marriage Today
Is there something seriously wrong with marriage today? During the past 50 years, the rate of divorce in the United States has exploded: almost 50% of marriages end in divorce now, and the evidence suggests it is going to get worse. If this trend continues, it will lead to the breakup of the family, according to a spokesperson for the National Family Association. Some futurists predict that in 100 years, the average American will marry at least four times, and extramarital (婚外的) affairs will be even more common than they are now.
But what are the reasons for this, and is the picture really so gloomy (黑暗的)? The answer to the first question is really quite simple: marriage is no longer the necessity it once was. The institution of marriage has been based for years partly on economic need. Women used to be economically dependent on their husbands--as they usually didn＇t have jobs outside the home. But with the rising number of women in well-paying jobs, this is no longer the case, so they don＇t feel that they need to stay in a failing marriage.
In answer to the second question, the outlook may not be as pessimistic (悲观的) as it seems. While the rate of divorce has risen, the rate of couples marrying has never actually fallen very much, so marriage is still quite popular. In addition to this, many couples now simply live together and don＇t bother to marry. These couples are effectively married, but they do not appear in either the marriage or divorce statistics. In fact, more than 50% of first marriages survive.
So is marriage really an outdated institution? The fact that most people still get married indicates that it isn＇t. And it is also true that married couples have a healthier life than single people: they suffer less from stress and its consequences, such as heart problems, and married men generally consider themselves. more contented than their single counterparts. Perhaps the key is to find out what makes a successful marriage and apply it to all of our relationships! (2011年)
How do most men feeling their marriage life?
【单选题】

A.They feel much stronger than before.

B.They don＇t feel as lonely as before.

C.They suffer more than before.

D.They feel more satisfied than being single.

正确答案:D

答案解析:细节考查题。题干问“大多数男人对婚姻的感觉”。参见文章第四段第三句，其中提到已婚的人比单身的人更满足。选项A是实际情况而不是人们婚后的感觉，故排除；选项B在文中并未提及；选项C与文中信息不符，故正确答案为D。