2019年职称英语考试《理工类》考试共65题，分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理历年真题10道，附答案解析，供您考前自测提升！

1、Animal＇s "Sixth Sense"
A tsunami was triggered by an earthquake in the Indian Ocean in December, 2004. It killed tens of thousands of people in Asia and East Africa, Wild animals, however, seem to have escaped that terrible tsunami. This phenomenon adds weight to notions that they possess a "sixth sense" for disasters, experts said.
Sri Lankan Wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24,000 people along the Indian Ocean island＇s coast clearly missed wild beasts, with no dead animals found.
"No elephants are dead, not even a dead rabbit. I think animals can sense disaster. They have a sixth sense. They know when things are happening" H. D. Ratnayake, deputy director of Sri Lanka＇s Wildlife Department, said about one month after the tsunami attack. The waves washed floodwaters up to 2 miles inland at Yala National Park in the ravaged southeast, Sri Lanka＇s biggest wildlife reserve and home to hundreds of wild elephants and several leopards.
"There has been a lot of scientific evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions or earthquakes. But it has not been proven," said Matthew van Lierop, an animal behavior assistant at Johannesburg Zoo. "There have been no specialist studies because you can＇t really test it in a lab or field setting," he told Reuters. Other authorities concurred with this assessmetn.
"Wildlife seem to be able to pick up certain phenmenon, especially birds. There are many reports of birds detecting impending disasters," said Clive Walker, who has written several books on African wildlife.
Animals ______ rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as predators. The notion of an animal "sixth sense" -or some other mythical power-is an enduring one which the evidence on Sri Lanka＇s ravaged coast is likely to add to. The Romans saw owls as omens of impending disaster and many ancient cultures viewed elephants as sacred animals endowed with special powers or attributes.
【单选题】

A.unwillingly

B.occasionally

C.doubtfully

D.certainly

正确答案:D

答案解析:根据常识判断，动物是要依赖味觉、听觉等逃避食肉动物的攻击。unwillingly：不情愿的，occasionally：偶尔的，doubtfully：怀疑的。只有certainly是合适的选项。

2、Storms Sink Ships
Rescuers have found the bodies of over 130 people killed in two ferry disasters in Bangladesh. The accidents happened during a storm that hit the country on April 21. Hundreds more are missing or feared dead.
The two ferries sank in different rivers near the capital city of Dhakfi as strong winds and rain hit the South Asian country.
The government has since banned all ferries and other boats from traveling at night during the April-May stormy season.
One of the ferries, MV Mitali, was carrying far more people than it was supposed to. About 400 passengers fitted into a space made for just 300, police said. The second ferry carried about 100 passengers.
"The number of deaths is certain to rise." said an official in charge of the rescue work. "No one really knows how many people were on board the ferry or how many of them survived.
Ferries in Bangladesh don＇t always keep passenger lists, making it difficult to determine the exact number of people on board.
Besides the ferry accidents, at least 40 people were killed and 400 injured by lightning strikes, falling houses and trees and the sinking of small boats.
Storms are common this time of year in Bangladesh, as are boating accidents. Ferry disasters take away hundreds of lives every year in a nation of 130 million people.
Officials blame these river accidents on a lack of safety measures too many passengers in boats and not enough checks on weather conditions.
Ferries are a common means of transport in Bangladesh. It is a country covered by about 230 rivers. Some 20,000 ferries use the nation＇s Waterways every year. And many of them are dangerously overcrowded.
Since 1977, more than 3,000 people have died in some 260 boating accidents.
Officials attribute boating accident to____.
【单选题】

A.strong winds.

B.bad weather conditions.

C.the blockages of waterways.

D.the lack of safety measures.

正确答案:D

答案解析:倒数第3段说到了缺乏安全措施。

3、Easy Listening
Students should be jealous. Not only do babies get to doze their days away, but they＇ve also mastered the fine art of learning in their sleep.
By the time babies are one year old, they can recognize a lot of sounds and even simple words. Marie Cheour at the University of Turku in Finland suspected that they might progress this fast because they learn language while they sleep as well as when they are awake.
To test the theory, Cheour and their colleagues studied 45 newborn babies in the first days of their lives. They exposed all the infants to an hour of Finnish vowel sounds one that sounds like "oo"; another like "ee" and the third boundary vowel peculiar to Finnish and similar languages that sounds like something in between. EEG (脑电图) recording of the infants brains before and after the session showed that the newborns could not distinguish the sounds.
Fifteen of the babies then went back with their mothers, where the rest were split into two sleep-study groups. One group was exposed throughout their night-time sleeping hours to the same three vowels, while the others listened to the other, easier-to-distinguish vowel sounds.
When tested in the morning, and again in the evening, the babies who＇d heard the tricky boundary vowels all night showed brainwave activity indicating that they could now recognize this sound. They could identify the sound even when its pitch was changed, while none of the other babies could pick up the boundary vowel at all.
Cheour doesn＇t know how babies accomplish this nighttime learning, but she suspects that the special ability might indicate that unlike adults, babies don＇t "turn off" their cerebral cortex (大脑皮层) while they sleep: The skill probably fades in the course of the first years of life, she adds so forget the idea that you can pick up the tricky French vowels as an adult just by slipping a language tape under your pillow. But while it may not help grown-ups, Cheour is hoping to use the sleeping hours to give remedial help to babies who are genetically at risk of language disorders.
An infant can recognize a lot of vowels by the time he or she is one year old.
【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

正确答案:C

答案解析:第2段有这样一个句子“... the time babies are one year old，they can recognize a lot of sounds and even simple words”，从“许多音”是推不出“许多元音”的，反向的推论才是成立的。

4、Cloning: Future Perfect?
1 A clone is an exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell. Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997, research into cloning has grown rapidly. In May 1998, scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves using cloning technology. A mouse has also been cloned successfully. But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement: "We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years," he told the world.
2 Seed＇s announcement provoked a lot of media attention, most of it negative. In Europe, nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the US the President announced: "We will be introducing a law to ban human cloning and many states in the US will have passed anti-cloning laws by the end of the year".
3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning. They are worried that laws banning human cloning will threaten important research. In March, The New England Journal of Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken. Many researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it, human cloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science.
4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world? The public has been bombarded (轰炸) with newspaper articles, television shows and films, as well as cartoons. Such information is often misleading, and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will be doing next.
5 Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning humans. It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our child to look like. But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds, the anti-cloners ask Pretty cool, answer the pro-cloners (赞成克隆的人).
The United States will introduce____.
【单选题】

A.the nucleus of a cell

B.cloned human beings

C.a human being in two years

D.a law to ban human cloning

E.a report on human cloning

F.heavy media coverage

正确答案:D

答案解析:文章第2段最后一句提到美国通过了禁止克隆人的法律，故选D。

5、The Book of Life
So far, scientists have named about 1.6 million living species, and that＇s a just a fraction of that probably exists on Earth. With so many plants, animals and other creatures coveting the planet, it can be tough to figure out what type of spider is moving up your leg or what kind of bird is flying by.
A soon - to - be - started Web site might help. An international team of researchers has announced the creation of Web - based Encyclopedia of life( EOL). The project aims to catalog every species on Earth in a single, easy - to - use reference guide.
To get the encyclopedia started, the creators will use information from scientific databases that already exist. And eventually, in special sections of the site, nonscientist with specialized knowledge will get to join in. Bird - watchers, for example, will be able to input which bird they＇ve seen and where. The technology for this kind of tool has only become available.
As the EOL develops, you might find it useful for school projects. The site will feature special pages for kids who are studying ecosystems (生态系统) in their neighborhoods. To make sure the encyclopedia is accurate, scientists will review much of the information added to it. People who visit the site will be able to choose to leave out pages that haven＇t been reviewed.
Another convenient feature of the EOL is that you＇ll be able to pick the level of detail you want to see to match your interest, age and knowledge. If you wanted to learn about bears for a science class report, for example, you could use the "novice" setting to get basic information about the animals. On the "expert" setting, on the other hand, you could get much more detailed information about the history, literature and exploration of bears.
It now takes years for scientist to collect all the data they need to describe and analyze species. The creator of the Encyclopedia of Life hope that their new tool will speed up that process.
"Spider" and "bird" mentioned in Paragraph 1 are examples to illustrate ______.【单选题】

A.there are numerous living species on Earth

B.animals are people＇s friends

C.it is easy to see spiders and birds

D.here are many types of spiders and birds

正确答案:A

答案解析:本题有一定难度，带着题干信息词回文章定位，答案依据主要在文章第一段：So far, scientists have named about l.6 million living species, ...it can be tough to figure out what type of spider is moving up your leg or what kind of bird is flying by.谈到了地球物种数量巨大，回来看选项，A项和原文句意相近，是答案。

6、I＇d very much like to know what your aim in life is.【单选题】

A.thought

B.idea

C.goal

D.plan

正确答案:C

答案解析:我很想知道你的人生目标是什么。本题有一定难度，虽然选项都是常用词汇，但干扰项干扰较大。aim和goal都有“目标”的意思，是近义词，A项指“思想”，B项指“想法”，D项指“计划”，最佳答案是C。

7、Meet Your Memory
1. Memory is something that cannot be seen, touched or weighed. It is thought to be abstract. It is a set of skills rather than an object. Neither is there a single standard for judging a good or poor memory. There are a number of different ways in which a person may have a good memory.
2. Memory is generally viewed as consisting of three stages: (1) acquisition refers to learning the material; (2) storage refers to keeping the material in the brain until it is needed; (3) retrieval (提取) refers to getting the material back out when it is needed:
3. Memory consists of at least two different processes: short - term memory and long - term memory. Short - term memory has a limited capacity and a rapid forgetting rate. Its capacity can be increased by chunking (组成大块), or grouping separate bits of information into larger chunks. Long - term memory has an almost unlimited capacity.
4. One measure of memory is recall, which requires you to produce information by searching the memory for it. In aided recall, you are given cues (提示) to help you produce the information. In free - recall learning you recall the material in any order. In serial learning you recall it in the order it was presented and in paired - associate learning you learn pairs of words so that when the first word is given you can recall the second word. A second measure of memory is recognition, in which you do not have to produce the information from memory, but must be able to identify it when it is presented to you. In a third measure of memory, relearning, the difference between how long it took to learn the material the first time and how long it takes to learn it again indicates how much you remember. Relearning is generally a more sensitive measure of memory than is recognition because relearning shows retention (保持) while recognition does not. Recognition is generally a more sensitive measure than recall.
Paragraph 1 ______
【单选题】

A.Why do we forget things?

B.How do we measure memory?

C.What are the stages memory consists of?

D.What is the difference between short - term memory and long - term memory?

E.What is memory?

F.Who may have a poor memory?

正确答案:E

答案解析:本题有一定难度，没有明显的主旨句，需要较强归纳能力。通读文章第一段可以发现，第一段主要对记忆力下了定义，围绕定义展开了阐述，回来看选项，E项What is memory?简单概括了第一段，是答案。

8、Seeing Red Means Danger Ahead
The color red often means danger and by paying attention, accidents can be prevented. In the future, the color red also may help prevent danger at construction sites. Thanks to new work by engineers, bridge supports or other kinds of materials, could one day contain a color - changing material. It will turn red before a structure collapses or falls apart.
The secret behind the color - changing material is a particular type of molecule (分子). A molecule is a group of atoms (原子) held together by chemical bonds. Molecules come in all shapes and sizes and make up everything you can see, touch or feel. How a molecule behaves depends on what kinds of atoms it contains and how they＇re held together.
When a polymer (聚合物) containing a color - changing molecule called a mechanophore (机械响应性聚合物) is about to break, it produces a color. When a polymer with mechanophore molecules becomes "injured" or weak, one of the mechanophore bonds _____ and the material turns red. "It＇s a really simple detection method," says Nancy Sottos, one of the scientists who worked on the project. Sottos and her team tested the color - changing polymers in their lab. The test results proved encouraging.
There is a way to get rid of the red color light. When a bright light is shone on the mechanophore, the broken bond is fixed and the red color disappears. Thus "self - healing" may be a problem for engineers. They need to use the color - changer in big construction projects that will be outside, under sunlight. And sunlight will make the mechanophore＇s warning system useless.
Sottos and her fellow scientists still have a lot of work to do before the color - changing molecules can be used outside the lab.
【单选题】

A.closes

B.breaks

C.increases

D.burns

正确答案:B

答案解析:本题有一定难度，关键在理解好文章上下文意义，文章此处要表达的是“断开”的意思，答案是B。

9、Seeing Red Means Danger Ahead
The color red often means danger and by paying attention, accidents can be prevented. In the future, the color red also may help prevent danger at construction sites. Thanks to new work by engineers, bridge supports or other kinds of materials, could one day contain a color - changing material. It will turn red before a structure collapses or falls apart.
The secret behind the color - changing material is a particular type of molecule (分子). A molecule is a group of atoms (原子) held together by chemical bonds. Molecules come in all shapes and sizes and make up everything you can see, touch or feel. How a molecule behaves depends on what kinds of atoms it contains and how they＇re held together.
When a polymer (聚合物) containing a color - changing molecule called a mechanophore (机械响应性聚合物) is about to break, it produces a color. When a polymer with mechanophore molecules becomes "injured" or weak, one of the mechanophore bonds breaks and the material turns red. "It＇s a really simple detection method," says Nancy Sottos, one of the scientists who worked on the project. Sottos and her team tested the color - changing polymers in their lab. The test _____ proved encouraging.
There is a way to get rid of the red color light. When a bright light is shone on the mechanophore, the broken bond is fixed and the red color disappears. Thus "self - healing" may be a problem for engineers. They need to use the color - changer in big construction projects that will be outside, under sunlight. And sunlight will make the mechanophore＇s warning system useless.
Sottos and her fellow scientists still have a lot of work to do before the color - changing molecules can be used outside the lab.
【单选题】

A.results

B.rules

C.tools

D.methods

正确答案:A

答案解析:本题难度不大，考查的是词义辨析。很明显，文章此处的意思是“结果”，答案是A。

10、Genetically Modified Food
European Union environmental officials have determined that two kinds of genetically modified corn could harm butterflies, affect food chains and disturb life in rivers and streams, and they have proposed a ban on the sale of the seeds, which are made by Dupont Pioneer, Dow Agrosciences and Syngenta. The preliminary decisions are circulating within the European Commission, which has the final say. Some officials there are skeptical of a ban that would upset the powerful biotechnology industry and could exacerbate tensions with important trading partners like the United States. The seeds are not available on the European market for cultivation.
In the decisions, the environment commissioner, Stavros Dimas, contends that the genetically modified corn, or maize could affect certain butterfly species, specifically the monarch, and other beneficial insects. For instance, research this year indicates that larvae of the monarch butterfly exposed to the genetically modified corn "behave differently than other larvae." In the decision concerning the corn seeds produced by Dow and Pioneer, Mr. Dimas calls "potential damage on the environment irreversible." In the decision on Syngenta＇s corn, he says that "the level of risk generated by the cultivation of this product for the environment is unacceptable."
A decision by the European Union to bar cultivation of the genetically modified crops would be the first of its kind in the trade bloc, and would intensify the continuing battle over genetically modified corn. Banning the applications for corn crops also would mark a bold new step for European environmental authorities, who are already aggressively pursuing regulations on emissions from cars and aircraft, setting it at odds with the United States and angering industries.
"These products have been grown in the U. S. and other countries for years," said Stephen Norton, a spokesman for the United States trade representative. "We are not aware of any other case when a product has been rejected after having been reviewed and determined safe by European food safety authorities," he said.
Barbara Helfferich, a spokeswoman for Mr. Dimas, declined to comment on the specifics of the procedure because commissioners had not yet made a final decision. But she said that the European Union was within its rights to make decisions based on the "precautionary principle" even when scientists had found no definitive evidence proving products can cause harm. She said that the decisions by Mr. Dimas could go before the commission within a few weeks, but she said that no date had been set. In the decisions, Mr. Dimas cited recent research showing that consumption of genetically modified corn byproducts reduced growth and increased mortality of non-target stream insects and that these insects are important prey for aquatic and riparian predators and that this could have unexpected ecosystem-scale consequences.
"Although still preliminary, his decisions could drastically tilt the policy against future approvals of genetically modified crops," said Nathalie Moll, a spokeswoman for Europabio, an industry group with 80 members including Syngenta, Pioneer and Dow. Europabio says that the crops grown using the genetically modified corn are already imported into several European countries, including France and Germany, where they are used to feed animals like cows and chickens.
Rob Gianfranceschi, spokesman at the United States mission to the European Union in Brussels, said it was too early to comment on a decision that had not yet been formalized. But he made clear that the United States remained frustrated with European policies on genetically modified crops.
Mr. Dimas cited many researches on the genetically modified corn in his decision in order to ______.
【单选题】

A.dispel some officials＇ doubt on his decisions

B.enhance the strength of his decision-making

C.demonstrate the latest achievement of his decision

D.assure that they can be presented before the commission with solid evidence

正确答案:B

答案解析:细节考查题。Dimas先生在其拟定的决议中多次引用了关于转基因产品的研究，其目的是证实自己的决议是有根据的，这样就更有说服力。