2019年职称英语考试《综合类》考试共65题，分为单选题。小编为您整理历年真题10道，附答案解析，供您考前自测提升！

1、We＇re happy to report that business is booming this year.【单选题】

A.failing

B.open

C.successful

D.risky

正确答案:C

答案解析:题干大意：我们很高兴地宣布，今年的生意很兴隆。句中booming的意思是“兴旺的，繁荣的”，如：Port construction investigation is booming all over the country.（港口建设和投资的热潮正在全国范围内兴起。）failing：下降的；open：开放的；successful：成功的；risky：冒险的，如：Doctors say the operation is too risky.（医生表示这个手术风险太大。）因此，successful相对于其他选项更为合适。

2、African wild dog
Finding a babysitter while you go out to work is, for example, an inconvenience. For the African wild dog, one of the continent＇s most endangered carnivores （食肉动物), it＇s a matter of life and death. A new research shows that once packs (兽群) fall below a certain size, they are not enough animals to both hunt food and stay at home protecting the young.
The African wild dog has declined drastically over the past century. Habitual loss (栖息地的丧失), persecution and unexplained outbreaks of disease have all been blamed. Only 3, 000 to5,000 animals remain, and the species is expected to go extinct within decades if the trend continues.
Other large carnivores such as the spotted hyena (鬣狗) face similar pressures, yet are not declining. Now Franck Courchamp of Cambridge University has found a reason why. The dog＇s weakness lies in its social organization.
Within each pack of up to 20 adults and pups, only the dominant male and female breed. The remaining animals help raise the pups, cooperating to hunt prey and defend the kill from other carnivores.
Because pups can＇t keep up on a hunt, large packs leave an adult behind to protect them from predators (捕猎者), which include lions and hyenas. But leaving a babysitter also carries costs. A smaller hunting party is less able to tackle large prey and to defend the kill. There is also one less stomach in which to carry food back to the den, and one more mouth to feed when they get there.
Courchamp investigated this awkward trade-off (权衡) by modeling how the costs of a babysitter change with decreasing pack size. This showed that packs of more than five adults should be able to feed all the pups and still spare a babysitter. But with smaller packs, either the hunting or the babysitting suffers, or the animals have to compensate by increasing the number of hunting excursions which itself carries a cost to the pack.
Field observations in Zimbabwe supported the model. Packs of five animals or fewer left pups unguarded more frequently than larger packs did. There was also evidence that when they did leave a babysitter, they were forced to hunt more often.
A pack which drops below a critical size becomes caught in a vicious circle (恶性循环), says Courchamp, who is now at Paris-Sud University. "Poor reproduction and low survival further reduces pack size, culminating in (最终造成) failure of the whole pack. " And deaths caused by human activity, says Courchamp, may be what reduce pack numbers to below the sustamable threshold. Mammal ecologist Chris Carbone at London＇s Institute of Zoology agrees. Maintaining the integrity of wild dog packs will be vitalin preserving the species, he says.
Steps will be taken to protect the African wild dog.
【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

正确答案:C

答案解析:文章最后一句话意思是“他说，保持非洲野狗群的完整对保护该物种是重要的”。但文章没有说将采取何种措施保护非洲野狗。

3、Wealth
Among the more colorful characters of Leadville＇s golden age were H. AW. Tabor and his second wife, Elizabeth McCourt, better known as "Baby Doe". Their history is fast becoming one of the legends of the Old West. Horace Austin school teacher in Vermont. With his first wife and two children he left Vermont by covered wagon in 1855 to homestead in Kansas. Perhaps he did not find farming to his liking, or perhaps he was lured by rumors of fortunes to be made in Colorado mines. At any rate, a few years later he moved west to the small Colorado mining camp known as California Gulch, which he later renamed Leadville when he became its leading citizen. "Great deposits of lead are sure to be found here. " he said.
As it turned out, it was silver, not lead, that was to make Leadville＇s fortune and wealth. Tabor knew little about mining himself, so he opened a general store, which sold everything from boots to salt, flour, and tobacco. It was his custom to "grubstake" prospective miners, in other words, to supply them with food and supplies, or "grub", while they looked for ore, in return for which he would get a share in the mine if one was discovered. He did this for a number of years, but no one that he aided ever found anything of value.
Finally one day in the year 1878, so the story goes, two miners came in and asked for "grub". Tabor had decided to quit supplying it because he had lost too much money that way. These were persistent, however, and Tabor was too busy to argue with them. "Oh help yourself. One more time won＇t make any difference," He said and went on selling shoes and hats to other customers. The two miners took $17 worth of supplies, in gave Tabor a one-third interest in their findings. They picked a barren place on the mountainside and began to dig, After nine days they struck a rich vein of silver. Tabor bought the shares of the other two men, and so the mine belonged to him alone. This mine, known as the "Pittsburgh Mine," made l,300,000 for Tabor in return for his $17 investment.
Later Tabor bought the Matchless Mine on another barren hillside just outside the town for$117,000. This turned out to be even more fabulous than the Pittsburgh, yielding $35,000 worth of silver per day at one time. Leadville grew. Tabor became its first mayor, and later became lieutenant governor of the state.
The word "grubstake" in paragraph 2 means_____.【单选题】

A.to supply miners with food and supplies

B.to open a general store

C.to do one＇s contribution to the development of the mine

D.to supply miners with food and supplies and in return get a share in the mine, if one was discovered

正确答案:D

答案解析:第2段中grubstake的词义与D所述内容是相同的，即“供给探矿者资金、衣物、食品以及其他物品”。

4、Why People Use Pseudonyms (假名字)?
You can＇t choose the name you are given at birth, but in many countries you can change it legally when you reach adulthood. Of course, most people never change their names even if they feel unhappy about them. However some people do take this course of action－particularly artists! What makes an artist want to change their name? Sometimes it＇s for purely personal reasons, such as the Nobel Prize winning poet from Chile, Neftalf Reyes. He didn＇t want his father to know he was writing poetry, so he changed his name to Pablo Neruda when he was a young man. At other times the reason may appear strange, take the case of the Portuguese poet Femando Pessoa, ____ wrote under 75 different names. The reason? "When I use a different name, I always write in a different way," he explained. In most cases, however , people change their names for social, historical, political, or cultural reasons. Here are some of the most common: reason. The person＇s real name is just too long and difficult to remember. Let＇s be honest, Madonna Louise Ciccone is not as easy to remember as just plain Madonna. And short names are much easier to remember: William Bradley became Brad Pitt and Edson Arantes do Nascimento became Pele.
Sometimes names are changed for marketing purposes. For example, if a name sounds too foreign, it may be changed to something that is more recognizable in a market. So in the film world, Ramon Estsvez adopted the name Martin Sheen. Or maybe the artist＇s real name doesn＇t sound attractive－Chad Everett does sound a lot better than Raymond Cramton.
Artists sometimes choose the name of someone they admire. Robert Zimmerman changed his name to Boo Dylan because of his admiration for the Welsh poet, Dylan Thomas.
Another reason may be practical: in the past, women found it very difficult to get published. To avoid this situation, they sometimes gave themselves men＇s names, so the English author Mary Ann Evans became George Eliot, and she did get her books published!
【单选题】

A.whom

B.who

C.which

D.that

正确答案:B

答案解析:本题难度不大，考点是非限定性定语从句的引导词，因为此处的先行词是the Portuguese poet Femando Pessoa，是人，所以要用修饰人的引导词，而且又做主语，结合选项的信息提示，正确答案是B。

5、A Country＇s Standard of Living
The "standard of living" of any country means the average person＇s share of the goods and services the country produces. A country＇s standard of living, therefore, depends first on its capacity to produce wealth. "Wealth" in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money but on things that money can buy: "goods such as food and clothing", and "services" such as transport and entertainment.
A country＇s capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors most of which have an effect on one another. Wealth depends to a great extent upon a country＇s natural resources. Some region of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have fertile (肥沃的) soil and a favorable climate, other regions possess none of them.
Next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to use, China is perhaps as rich as the USA in natural resources, but suffered for many years ____ civil and external wars, For this and other reasons it was unable to develop her resources. Sound and stable political conditions, and freedom from foreign invasions, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, to produce more wealth than other country.
A country＇s standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and consumed within its own borders, but also upon what is directly produced through international trade. For example, Britain＇s wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if she had to depend only on those grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus (剩余的) manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products which would otherwise be lacking. A country＇s wealth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing capacity, providing that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures.
【单选题】

A.as

B.on

C.with

D.from

正确答案:D

答案解析:本题有一定难度，干扰项干扰较大，本题考查动词短语suffer from，“遭受……”，最佳答案是D。

6、She can be relied on in a crisis.【单选题】

A.looked after

B.turned on

C.believed in

D.depended on

正确答案:D

答案解析:在危机时她还是可靠的。本题有一定难度，B的干扰性最大，但在确定词的精确意义后，可以发现，relied on和depended on都是“可以依靠的”意思，所以D是最佳答案。

7、Travel Across Africa
For six hours we shot through the barren (荒芜的) landscape of the Karoo desert in South Africa. Just rocks and sand and baking sun. Knowing our journey was ending, Daniel and I just wanted to remember all we had seen and done. He used a camera. I used words. I had already finished three notebooks and was into the fourth, a beautiful leather notebook I＇d bought in a market in Mozambique.
Southern Africa was full of stories and visions. We were almost drunk on sensations. The roaring (咆哮) of the water at Victoria Falls, the impossible silence of the Okavango Delta in Botswana.
And then the other things, dogs in the streets, whole families in Soweto livng in one room, a kilometre from clean water.
As we drove towards the setting sun, a quietness fell over us. The road was empty and we hadn＇t seen another car for hours. And as I drove, something caught my eye. Something moved close enough to touch them, to smell their hot breath. I didn＇t know how long they had been there next to us.
I shouted to Dan: "Look!" But he was in a deep sleep, his camera lying useless by his feet. They raced the car for a few seconds, then disappeared far behind us, a memory of heroic forms in the red landscape. When Daniel woke up an hour later I told him what had happened.
"Wild horses?" he said. "Why didn＇t you wake me up, Sophia?"
"I tried, but they were gone after a few seconds."
"Are you sure you didn＇t dream it?"
"You were the one who was sleeping!"
"Typical," he said, "The best photos are the ones we never take."
We checked into a dusty hotel and slept the sleep of the dead.
Daniel and Sophia saw a lot of wonderful things.
【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

正确答案:A

答案解析:本题难度不大，答案依据是文章第二段，Southern Africa was full of stories. And visions. We were almost drunk on sensations.

8、The Race into Space
American millionaire Dennis Tito will always be famous. He was the first tourist in space. "I spent sixty years on Earth and eight days in space and from my viewpoint, it was two separate lives," Tito explained. He loved his time in space. "Being in space and looking back at earth is one of the most rewarding experiences a human being can have."
This kind of experience isn＇t cheap. It cost $ 20 million. However, Tito achieved his dream, so he was happy. "For me it was a life dream. It was a dream that began when didn＇t have any money," he told reporters.
On 30 April 2002, Mark Shuttleworth became the world＇s second space tourist. Shuttleworth is a South African businessman. At the age of twenty - eight, he also paid $ 20 million for the eight - day trip.
Both Tito and Shuttleworth bought their tickets from a company called Space Adventures. The company has around 100 people already on their waiting list for flights into space. The spaceship to take them doesn＇t exist yet.
Many of the customers are people who like adventure. They are the kind of people who also want to climb Mount Qomolangma. Other customers are people who love space. However, these people are worried. Because it’s so expensive, only very rich people can go into space. They want space travel to be available to more people.
That day may soon be here. Inter Orbital Systems (IOS) plans to send up to four tourists a week into space. The tours will depart from an island in Tonga. The company promises a package that includes forty-five days of astronaut training in Russia and California, seven days in space, and a vacation in Tonga, for $2 million.
However, space flight is still very dangerous. Bill Readdy is NASA＇s deputy assistant administrator for space flight. He says that the chances of dying are about 1 in 500. Because of this, it may take time before space tourism really takes off. You might be able to go up, but will you come down?
IOS will send its tourists into space from Tonga.
【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

正确答案:A

答案解析:本题有一定难度，要到文章第六段找答案依据。带着题干提示词IOS和Tonga迅速回到文章定位。第六段谈到，IOS计划每周送四位游客进太空，这次旅行要从汤加的一个岛上开始，所以本题正确，答案是A。

9、A Country＇s Standard of Living
The "standard of living" of any country means the average person＇s share of the goods and services the country produces. A country＇s standard of living, therefore, depends first on its capacity to produce wealth. "Wealth" in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money but on things that money can buy: "goods such as food and clothing", and "services" such as transport and entertainment.
A country＇s capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors most of which have an effect on one another. Wealth depends to a great extent upon a country＇s natural resources. Some region of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have fertile (肥沃的) soil and a favorable climate, other regions possess none of them.
Next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to use, China is perhaps as rich as the USA in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and external wars, For this and other ____ it was unable to develop her resources. Sound and stable political conditions, and freedom from foreign invasions, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, to produce more wealth than other country.
A country＇s standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and consumed within its own borders, but also upon what is directly produced through international trade. For example, Britain＇s wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if she had to depend only on those grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus (剩余的) manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products which would otherwise be lacking. A country＇s wealth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing capacity, providing that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures.
【单选题】

A.reasons

B.aspects

C.points

D.services

正确答案:A

答案解析:本题有一定难度，可以先看选项得到信息提示，文章此处是说由于这个和其他缘故，“中国没有能很好地开发自然资源”，所以应该使用reason，最佳答案是A。

10、Money or Friendship or Both
1. Friends and money don＇t mix. It＇s a dangerous combination since a fight over money is one of the fastest ways to end a friendship. But what if a friend asks you to tend him or her some money? If you don＇t lend your friend the money, you risk losing the friend. If you do lend your friend the money, you risk losing both the friendship and your money.
2. We have to face facts, so here are some situations you might run across with your buddies (伙伴) and some helpful tips (忠告) on how to deal with them. Thinking about why this person needs to borrow in the first place. If he is always living beyond his means, it is his fault, not yours. Any Sensible person would not put himself in a position of debt so often. So simply say "no" to this friend. Even if your friend really needs that money for emergency use and you are willing to help him, before you dive into your pocket, follow this reality check: Do you have the extra money? Are you sure you don＇t need it? Are you willing to write off that amount if it＇s not returned? If your answers are negative, do yourself a favor and say "no".
3. Let＇s assume you can＇t stand saying "no" to your friend because you don＇t want him living off cat food. What do you do? Write down these details on a sheet of paper before opening up your wallet:
Amount of the loan.
Date of the loan.
Time of repayment.
Amount of interest (if any).
Lender＇s and borrower＇s signature.
This will at least keep the borrower from forgetting the loan so easily, If your friend＇s loan is past due, it＇s important that you ask him－and it＇s actually not rude. The longer you wait, the more you are brood (忧伤), and the more your resentment builds.
4. You can send him a friendly reminder via E - mail. Tell him something like "I＇m going over my bank account and I＇m just wondering when we＇ll be able to settle that money thing." E - mail saves you from an uncomfortable face - to - face confrontation. There is almost no chance of turning a bad reaction into an argument. Unlike a public conversation, an E - mail message will always be private.
5. After asking two or three times, you might have to write it off. That＇s what happens. If he just doesn＇t have the money or is unwilling, then what kind of friend is that?
Paragraph 3 ____
【单选题】

A.Time to Break off a Friendship

B.Unconditional Assistance to Friends in Need

C.Things to Consider When You Have to Say "No" to Your Friend

D.Things to Think over When You Don＇t Want Your Friend to Eat Cat Food

E.Strategies for Borrowing Money

F.Advantages of E - mail in Handling Money Issues

正确答案:D

答案解析:本题有一定的难度，主旨句似乎不好确认，但实际上可以把第三段的前三句概括成一句主旨句。第三段主要谈到如果你不能不跟朋友说“不”的话，在借他钱时考虑几件事情。回来看选项，D项Things to Think over When You Don＇t Want Your Friend to Eat Cat Food，就是对本段的概括，所以答案是D。