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2022年职称英语考试《理工类》考试共65题,分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理精选模拟习题10道,附答案解析,供您考前自测提升!
1、Why Would They Falsely Confess?Why on earth would an innocent person falsely confess to committing a crime? To most people, it just doesn\'t seem logical. But it is logical, say experts, if you understand what can happen in a police interrogation room.Under the right conditions, people\'s minds are susceptible to influence, and the pressure put on suspects during police grilling is enormous. "It\'s a little like somebody\'s working on them with a dental drill," says Franklin Zimring, a law professorat the University of California at Berkeley. "The pressure is important to understand, because otherwise it\'s impossible to understand why someone would say he did something he didn\'t do. The answer is: to put an end to an uncomfortable situation that will continue until he does confess."Developmental psychologist Allison Redlich recently conducted a laboratory study to determine how likely people are to confess to things they didn\'t do. In her experiment, participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the "alt" key, because doing so would crash the systems. The researchers then intentionally crashed the computers and accused the participants of hitting the "alt" key to see if they would sign a statement falsely taking responsibility.Redlich\'s findings clearly demonstrate how easy it can be to get people to falsely confess: 59 percent of the young adults in the experiment immediately confessed. Redlich also found that the younger the participant, the more likely a false confession. Of the 15-to 16-year-olds, 72 percent signed confessions, as did 78 percent of the 12-to 13-year-olds."There\'s no question that young people are more at risk," says Saul Kassin, a psychology professorat Williams College, who has done similar studies with similar results, ______Both Kassin and Redlich note that the entire "interrogation" in their experiments consisted of a simple accusation-not hours of aggressive questioning-and still, most participants falsely confessed.Because of the stress of a police interrogation, they conclude, suspects can become convinced that falsely confessing is the easiest way out of a bad situation. "In some ways," says Kassin, "false confession becomes a rational decision."【单选题】
A.In her experiment, participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the "alt" key, because doing so would crash the systems.
B."In some ways," says Kassin, "false confession becomes a rational decision."
C."It\'s a little like somebody\'s working on them with a dental drill," says Franklin Zimring, a law professorat the University of California at Berkeley.
D."But adults are highly vulnerable too."
E.How could an innocent person admit to doing something he didn\'t do?
F.Redlich also found that the younger the participant, the more likely a false confession.
正确答案:D
答案解析:本段首句提到“毫无疑问年轻人错误妥协的危险性很大”,从选项中看,D在形式(引文)和内容(adults与上文young people形成对比)上均符合文意。
2、AirbusDespite bulging orcerbooks, the mood at Airbus and Boeing is far from celebratory. Both aviation giants are moaning loudly that their production systems and supply chains are flawed, albeit forostensibly different reasons. This week Louis Gallois, the boss of EADS, the Franco-German aerospace consortium that owns Airbus, added substance to warnings a week earlier by the planemaker’s chief executive, Tom Enders, that the dollar\'s decline was "life-threatening" forthe firm. Mr. Gallois said it was no longer just a possibility that Airbus would have to move a large part of its production to "the dollar zone" orlow-cost countries, but a certainty.Airbus is already in the middle of Power 8, a big restructuring plan that involves the loss of 10,000 jobs and the sale of several plants, which is meant to offsetthe losses caused by the delays in delivering the A380 superjumbo. But Power 8 assumed that a euro was worth $ 1.35, not today\'s $ 1.47. Mr. Gallois estimates that each 10-cent rise in the euro costs Airbus 1 billion. At present, Airbus makes 76% of its purchases within Europe, but generates over 60% of its sales elsewhere. It must now shift some production abroad.Airbus is now likely to forge ahead much further. Mr. Gallois suggests that when the A350 enters service in 2013, 70% of it will have been "purchased" in dollars, against 50% forthe A380 and an average 24% of Airbus production today. Because Airbus insists that some of its European suppliers price in dollars that means about 50% of the A350\'s production will be outsourced. New aircraft, such as the A320\'s successor, may be made almost entirely outside the euro-zone.Airbus maintains that exchange rates are not the only reason foroutsourcing: it is keen to tap into composite-manufacturing expertise wherever it exists. It also insists that it will not repeat the mistakes Boeing has made with its new 787 Dreamliner, about 80% of which has been outsourced. A few weeks ago Mike Bair, the executive responsible forthe 787 programme, who was recently moved sideways after mounting production delays, launched a withering attack on some of the companies recruited to build the plane. He said that in future Boeing would not entrust design work to partners who "proved incapable of doing it", and would make suppliers build factories close to Boeing\'s main assembly operation, rather than flying semi-finished sections of the aircraft round the world on huge Dreamlifter transporters.It is too early to conclude that the two rivals are heading in opposite directions- Boeing renouncing the global supply chain just as Airbus adopts it. Each company has its own axe to grind. Airbus needs greater flexibility, and the weak dollar provides helpful cover as it takes on its grumbling unions. Boeing, forits part, wants to shift the blame fordelays to the 787 on to its partners. The logic of global outsourcing in the aerospace industry remains powerful. Whatever they may be saying now. Airbus and Boeing are more likely to converge than to diverge.Airbus carries out Power 8 because ______.【单选题】
A.it cannot make up the deficits caused by the delays in delivering A380
B.it wants to move its production abroad to handle the problem of dollar\'s decline
C.it has not predicted the dollar decline at the beginning
D.it wants to raise money to build new production sectorin low-cost countries
正确答案:A
答案解析:细节考查题。题干考查的是空中客车实行能量8计划的原因。答案参见第二段第一句:空中客车已经实施能量8计划了,目的就是要弥补因为A380交付延误造成的损失,故正确答案为A。B项并非直接原因。C项属于无关信息。D项属于结果而非原因。
3、Walking to Exercise the BrainDo you think sitting and studying all the time will improve students grades? Think again. Getting some exercise may help, too.New research with older people suggests that taking regular walks helps them pay attention better than if they didn\'t exercise.Previous research had shown that mice learn, remember and pay attention better after a few weeks of working out on a running wheel. Mice that exercise have greater blood flow to the brain than those who don\'t. Their brain cells also make more connections.Neuroscientists (神经科学家) from the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign wanted to find out if the same thing is true forpeople. First, they measured the physical fitness of 41 adults, ages 58 to 77, after each person walked I mile. Then, participants looked at arrows on a computer screen and had to use computer keys to show which way one particular arrow was pointing.Adults who were physically fit were faster at the arrow task, and their answers were just as accurate as their less - fit peers, the researchers found. The fitter participants also had more blood flow to a part of their brain responsible forpaying attention and making decisions.In a second study, 15 elderly people who completed a 6 - month aerobic - training (有氧运动) course were faster at attention tasks compared with 14 seniors who just did stretching and toning (韵律操) exercises forthe same amount of time.So, even going fora walk every 2 or3 days forjust 10 to 45 minutes can help. That should be good news forthe elderly.The effects of exercising on the brains of younger people haven\'t been studied yet. Still, it can\'t hurt to take occasional breaks and go fora walk orrun around with friends. Whatever you do, though, don\'t try to read and walk at the same time. You could end up hurting yourself!It can be good forhealth when one takes a walk every 2 or3 days forat least ______.【单选题】
A.3 minutes
B.45 minutes
C.30 minutes
D.10 minutes
正确答案:D
答案解析:本题有一定难度,需要认真阅读文章。答案依据在文章第七段。带着题干信息词回到文章定位。第七段第一句谈到,每两三天出去散步10到45分钟会对健康有益,回来看选项,很明显,D是近义解释,是答案。
4、Radiocarbon DatingNowadays scientists can answer many questions about the past through a technique called radiocarbon (放射性碳), orcarbon - 14 dating. One key to understanding how and why something happened is to discover when it happened.Radiocarbon dating was developed in the late 1940s by physicist Willard F. Libby at the University of Chicago. An atom of ordinary carbon, called carbon -12, has six protons (质子) and six neutrons (中子) in its nucleus (原子核). Carbon - 14, orC - 14, is a radioactive, unstable form of carbon that has two extra neutrons. It returns to a more stable form of carbon through a process called decay (衰减). This process involves the loss of the extra neutrons and energy from the nucleus.In Libby\'s radiocarbon dating technique, the weak radioactive emissions(放射)from this decay process are counted by instruments such as a radiation detectorand counter. The decay rate is used to determine the proportion of C -14 atoms in the sample being dated.Carbon - 14 is produced in the Earth\'s atmosphere when nitrogen(氮) - 14, orN - 14, interacts with cosmic rays (宇宙射线). Scientists believe since the Earth was formed, the amount of nitrogen in the atmosphere has remained constant. Consequently, C -14 formation is thought to occur at a constant rate. Now the ratio of C -14 to other carbon atoms in the atmosphere is known. Most scientists agree that this ratio is useful fordating items back to at least 50,000 years.All life on Earth is made of organic molecules (分子) that contain carbon atoms coming from the atmosphere. So all living things have about the same ratio of C -14 atoms to other carbon atoms in their tissues (组织). Once an organism (有机体) dies it stops taking in carbon in any form, and the C -14 already present begins to decay. Over time the amount of C - 14 in the material decreases and the ratio of C - 14 to other carbon atoms goes down. In terms of radiocarbon dating, the fewer C -14 atoms in a sample, the older that sample is.The half - life of C - 14 is about 25 ,000 years.【单选题】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
正确答案:C
答案解析:本题有较大难度,答案依据不明显,需要通读全文作出判断。通读全文后可以发现文章并未提及碳的半衰期是25,000年,所以本题是未提及的,答案是C。
5、Seeing Red Means Danger AheadThe colorred often means danger and by paying attention, accidents can be prevented. In the future, the colorred also may help prevent danger at construction sites. Thanks to new work by engineers, bridge supports orother kinds of materials, could one day contain a color- changing material. It will turn red before a structure collapses orfalls apart.The secret _____ the color- changing material is a particular type of molecule (分子). A molecule is agroupof atoms (原子) held together by chemical bonds. Molecules come in all shapes and sizes and make up everything you can see, touch orfeel. How a molecule behaves depends on what kinds of atoms it contains and how they\'re held together.When a polymer (聚合物) containing a color- changing molecule called a mechanophore (机械响应性聚合物) is about to break, it produces a color. When a polymer with mechanophore molecules becomes "injured" orweak, one of the mechanophore bonds breaks and the material turns red. "It\'s a really simple detection method," says Nancy Sottos, one of the scientists who worked on the project. Sottos and her team tested the color- changing polymers in their lab. The test results proved encouraging.There is a way to get rid of the red colorlight. When a bright light is shone on the mechanophore, the broken bond is fixed and the red colordisappears. Thus "self - healing" may be a problem forengineers. They need to use the color- changer in big construction projects that will be outside, under sunlight. and sunlight will make the mechanophore\'s warning system useless.Sottos and her fellow scientists still have a lot of work to do before the color- changing molecules can be used outside the lab.【单选题】
A.on
B.behind
C.under
D.down
正确答案:B
答案解析:本题有一定难度,干扰项干扰较大,考查介词behind的用法,文章此处是说,“材料颜色可以变化其背后的秘密是……”,只有behind可以表示“背后的”意思,答案是B。
6、Genetically Modified FoodEuropean unionenvironmental officials have determined that two kinds of genetically modified corn could harm butterflies, affect food chains and disturb life in rivers and streams, and they have proposed a ban on the sale of the seeds, which are made by Dupont Pioneer, Dow Agrosciences and Syngenta. The preliminary decisions are circulating within the European Commission, which has the final say. Some officials there are skeptical of a ban that would upsetthe powerful biotechnology industry and could exacerbate tensions with important trading partners like the United States. The seeds are not available on the European market forcultivation.In the decisions, the environment commissioner, Stavros Dimas, contends that the genetically modified corn, ormaize could affect certain butterfly species, specifically the monarch, and other beneficial insects. Forinstance, research this year indicates that larvae of the monarch butterfly exposed to the genetically modified corn "behave differently than other larvae." In the decision concerning the corn seeds produced by Dow and Pioneer, Mr. Dimas calls "potential damage on the environment irreversible." In the decision on Syngenta\'s corn, he says that "the level of risk generated by the cultivation of this product forthe environment is unacceptable."A decision by the European unionto bar cultivation of the genetically modified crops would be the first of its kind in the trade bloc, and would intensify the continuing battle over genetically modified corn. Banning the applications forcorn crops also would mark a bold new step forEuropean environmental authorities, who are already aggressively pursuing regulations on emissions from cars and aircraft, setting it at odds with the United States and angering industries."These products have been grown in the U. S. and other countries foryears," said Stephen Norton, a spokesman forthe United States trade representative. "We are not aware of any other case when a product has been rejected after having been reviewed and determined safe by European food safety authorities," he said.Barbara Helfferich, a spokeswoman forMr. Dimas, declined to comment on the specifics of the procedure because commissioners had not yet made a final decision. But she said that the European unionwas within its rights to make decisions based on the "precautionary principle" even when scientists had found no definitive evidence proving products can cause harm. She said that the decisions by Mr. Dimas could go before the commission within a few weeks, but she said that no date had been set. In the decisions, Mr. Dimas cited recent research showing that consumption of genetically modified corn byproducts reduced growth and increased mortality of non-target stream insects and that these insects are important prey foraquatic and riparian predators and that this could have unexpected ecosystem-scale consequences."Although still preliminary, his decisions could drastically tilt the policy against future approvals of genetically modified crops," said Nathalie Moll, a spokeswoman forEuropabio, an industrygroupwith 80 members including Syngenta, Pioneer and Dow. Europabio says that the crops grown using the genetically modified corn are already imported into several European countries, including France and Germany, where they are used to feed animals like cows and chickens.Rob Gianfranceschi, spokesman at the United States mission to the European unionin Brussels, said it was too early to comment on a decision that had not yet been formalized. But he made clear that the United States remained frustrated with European policies on genetically modified crops.The word "tilt" (line 1, paragraph 6) most probably means ______.【单选题】
A.incline
B.affect
C.induce
D.evoke
正确答案:A
答案解析:猜词题。根据上下文含义,尽管他的决定还是初步的,但是却会极大地倾向于针对同意未来转基因作物的政策,对比四个选项,只有incline符合此意,故正确答案为A。
7、Meet Your MemoryMemory is something that cannot be seen, touched orweighed. It is thought to be abstract. It is a setof skills rather than an object. Neither is there a single standard forjudging a good orpoormemory. There are a number of different ways in which a person may have a "good" memory.Memory is generally viewed as consisting of three stages: (1) acquisition refers to learning the material; (2) storage refers to keeping the material in the blain until it is needed; and (3) retrieval (提取) refers to getting the material back out when it is needed.Memory consists of at least two different processes: short-term memory and long-term memory. Short-term memory has a limited capacity and a rapid forgetting rate. Its capacity can be increased by chunking (组成大块), orgrouping separate bits of information into larger chunks. Long-term memory has an almost unlimited capacity.One measure of memory is recall, which requires you to produce information by searching the memory forit. In aided recall, you are given cues (提示) to help you produce the information. In free-recall learning, you recall the material in any order; in serial learning, you recall it in the orcerit was presented; and in paired-associate learning, you learn pairs of words so that when the first word is given, you can recall the second word. A second measure of memory is recognition in which you do not have to produce the information from memory, but must be able to identify it when it is presented to you. In a third measure of memory, relearning, the difference between how long it took to learn the material the first time and how long it takes to learn it again indicates how much you remember. Relearning is generally a more sensitive measure of memory than is recognition because relearning shows retention (保持) while recognition does not. Recognition is generally a more sensitive measure than recall.Long-term memory has an almost unlimited capacity and a ______.【单选题】
A.short-term memory
B.relearning
C.needed
D.coded
E.recognition
F.slow forgetting rate
正确答案:F
答案解析:根据题干线索词Long-term memory定位原文至第三段最后一句:Long-term memory has an almost unlimited capacity. 该句是从储存容量方面与short-term memory(短时记忆)做比较。此外,还从储存时间与其做比较,例如前面提到Short-term memory has...a rapid forgetting rate,由此推断,相比较而言,长时记忆的储存时间会比较长,即遗忘速率比较慢。F选项slow forgetting rate与其意思相符,故F为正确答案。
8、A Bad IdeaThink you can walk, drive, take phone calls, e - mail and listen to music at the same time 7 Well, New York\'s new law says you can\'t. _____. The law went into force last month, following research and a shocking number of accidents that involved people using electronic gadgets (小巧机械) when crossing the street.Who\'s to blame? Scientists say that our multitasking (多任务处理) abilities are limited. "We are under the impression that our brain can do more than it often can," says Rene Marois, a neuroscientist (神经科学家) in Tennessee. "But a core limitation is the inability to concentrate on two things at once."The young people are often considered the great multitaskers. However, an Oxford University research suggests this perception is open to question. Agroupof 18 to 21 years old and agroupof 35 to 39 years old were given 90 seconds to translate images into numbers, using a simple code. The youngergroupdid 10 percent better when not interrupted. But when both groups were interrupted by a phone call oran instant message, the oldergroupmatched the youngergroupin speed and accuracy.It is difficult to measure the productivity lost by multitaskers. Jonathan Spira, chief analyst at Basex, a business - research firm, estimates that the cost of interruptions to the American economy is nearly $ 650 billion a year. The estimate is based on surveys with office workers. The surveys conclude that 28 percent of the workers\' time was spent on interruptions and recovery time before they returned to their main tasks.【单选题】
A.Talking on a cell phone while driving brings you joy anyway.
B.The estimate is based on surveys with office workers.
C.The youngergroupdid 10 percent better when not interrupted.
D.However, an Oxford University research suggests this perception is open to question.
E.Scientists say that our multitasking (多任务处理) abilities are limited.
F.and you\'ll be fined $ 100 if you do so on a New York city street.
正确答案:F
答案解析:本题难度不是很大。可用排除法和代入法。本题的上文谈到纽约新的法律规定在走路开车时不能打电话,发邮件,听音乐,下文转到谈新法律发生效力时间,所以可以推断此处会继续跟着上文展开阐述,应该讲如果你做了会导致什么结果,回来看选项,把F代入文中,符合逻辑,答案是F。
9、The use of the chemical may present a certain hazard to the laboratory workers. 【单选题】
A.protection
B.indication
C.immunity
D.danger
正确答案:D
答案解析:hazard和danger意思相同,危险、危害;protection:保护、防护;indication:指示、迹象;immunity:免疫力。
10、One Good Reason to Let Smallpox LiveIt\'s now a fair bet that we will never see the total extinction (灭绝) of the smallpox (天花) virus. When smallpox was completely got rid of in the world, scientists wanted to destroy the killer virus in the last two labs, one in the US and one in Russia. They asked: If smallpox has truly gone from the planet, what point was there in keeping these reserves?In reality, of course, it was naive to imagine that everyone would let go of such a powerful potential weapon. Undoubtedly several nations still have a few vials (小药瓶). and the last "official" stocks of live Virus bred mistrust of the US and Russia, forno obvious gain.Now American researchers have found an animal model of the human disease, opening the way fortests on new treatments and vaccines(疫苗). So once again there\'s a good reason to the virus, just in keep the disease puts in a reappearance.How do we case with the mistrust of the US and Russia? deal. Keep the virus _____ international support in a well - guarded UN laboratory that\'s open to all countries. The US will object, of course, just as it with a multilateral (多边的) approach to just about everything. But it doesn\'t mean the idea is rejects. If the virus is useful, then let\'s wrong it the servant of all humanity make not just a part of it.【单选题】
A.Simple
B.Open
C.Safe
D.Possible
正确答案:A
答案解析:本题有一定难度,需要理解好上下文意义,文章此处是说“我们怎样应对美国和俄罗斯的不信任呢?很简单……”答案是A。
为什么商务英语考试中有的考生不允许入场?:为什么商务英语考试中有的考生不允许入场?考点将拒绝考生入场,并不予改期考试或退还考费:1. 抵达考点与网上报名所选考点不一致;2. 未携带准考证或规定的有效身份证件;3. 所携身份证件的有效性未通过核验;4. 身份证件类型和号码与所持准考证显示信息不符;5. 身份证件相片与本人明显不符;6. 未按准考证规定时间到达考场;7. 不服从监考人员的管理,扰乱考场秩序。
需要具备怎样的基础才能备考商务英语BEC中级?:商务英语中级需要有大学英语四级到六级的水平。
学习商务英语BEC初级需要具备怎样的基础?:学习商务英语BEC初级需要具备怎样的基础?根据BEC考试大纲的要求,学习BEC初级需要有公共英语四级的水平。
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