2021年职称英语考试《卫生类》考试共65题，分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理精选模拟习题10道，附答案解析，供您考前自测提升！

1、Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in TeensWhile some teenagers may puff on cigarettes to "self-medicate" against the blues, scientists at the University of Toronto and the University of Montreal have found that smoking may actually increasedepressive symptoms in some teens."This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived emotional benefits of smoking among teens," says lead researcher Michael Chaiton, a research associate at the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto." Although cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating effects or to improve mood, in the long term we found that teens who started to smoke reported higher depressive symptoms. "As part of the study, some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires about their use of cigarettes to affect mood. Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and English participants, urban and rural schools, and schools located in high, moderate and low socioeconomic neighborhoods. Participants were divided into three groups: never smokers; smokers who did not use cigarettes to self-medicate, improve mood or physical state; smokers who used cigarettes to self-medicate. Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how felt too fired to do things: had trouble going to sleep or staying asleep; felt unhappy, sad, or depressed; felt hopeless about the future; felt vexed, antsy or tense; and worried too much about things."Smokers who used cigarettes as mood ____ had higher risks of elevated depressive symptoms than teens who had never smoked," says co-researcher Jennifer O\'Loughlin, a professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine. "Our study found that teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are at higher risk of developing depressive symptoms."The association between depression and smoking exists principally among teens that use cigarettes to feel better. "It\'s important to emphasize that depressive symptom scores were higher among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke," says Dr. Chaiton.【单选题】

A.reducers

B.improvers

C.creators

D.removers

正确答案:B

答案解析:第一段和第二段都说到，抽烟缓解抑郁心情最终导致更抑郁。本句Smokers who used cigarettes as mood had higher risks of elevated depressive symptoms than teens who had never smoked. 表达的是同样的意思。文章第二段和第三段都出现improve mood，所以，mood后面要填入的词应该是improvers选项A、C、D的意义均不符合上下文。

2、I?was?shocked?when?I?saw?the?size?of?the?telephone?bill.【单选题】

A.surprised

B.lost

C.excite

D.angry

正确答案:A

答案解析:题干大意：当我看到电话账单的数目时，我震惊了。句中shock意为“震惊”。四个选项中，surprise有惊讶的意思。lost作动词时，有遗失、丢失的意思，用作形容词有“遗失的”或“迷惑的”之意。如：We?share?our?house?with?people?who?lost their?home?or?shelter?for?any?reason.（我们与因任何原因失去家园和庇护所的人分享我们的房子。）excited意为“兴奋的”；angry意为“气愤的”。

3、Happy Marriage, Happy HeartHappily married people have lower blood pressure than unhappily married people or singles, a Brigham Young University study says.On the other hand, even having a supportive social network did not translate into a blood pressure benefit for singles or unhappily married people, according to the study."There seems to be some unique health benefits from marriage. It\'s not just being named that benefits health-what\'s really the most protective of health is having a happy marriage," study author Julianne Holt Lunstad, a psychologist who specializes in relationships and health, said in a prepared statement.The study included 204 married and 99 single adults who wore portable blood - pressure monitors for 24 hours. The monitors recorded blood pressure at random intervals and provided a total of about 72 readings."We wanted to capture participants\' blood pressure doing whatever they normally do in everyday life. Getting one or two readings in a clinic is not really representative of the fluctuations (波动) that occur throughout the day," Holt Lunstad said.Overall, happily married people scored four points lower on the blood pressure readings than single adults. The study also found that blood pressure among married people, especially those in happy marriages dropped more during sleep than in single people."Research has shown that people whose blood pressure remains high throughout the night are at much greater risk of heart disease than people whose blood pressure drops," Holt Lunstad said.The study was published in the March 20 ____ of the journal Annals (年刊) of Behavioral Medicine.The study also found that unhappily married adults have higher blood pressure than both happily married and single adults.Holt Lunstad noted that married couples can encourage healthy habits in one another, such as eating a healthy diet and having regular doctor visits. People in happy marriages also have a source of emotional support, she said. 【单选题】

A.page

B.number

C.copy

D.issue

正确答案:D

答案解析:本题有一定难度，考查词义辨析。英文里表示出版杂志的第几期，要用名词issue，答案是D。

4、Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in TeensWhile some teenagers may puff on cigarettes to "self-medicate" against the blues, scientists at the University of Toronto and the University of Montreal have found that smoking may actually increasedepressive symptoms in some teens."This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived emotional benefits of smoking among teens," says lead researcher Michael Chaiton, a research associate at the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto." Although cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating effects or to improve mood, in the long term we found that teens who started to smoke reported higher depressive symptoms. "As part of the study, some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires about their use of cigarettes to affect mood. Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and English participants, urban and rural schools, and schools located in high, moderate and low socioeconomic neighborhoods. Participants were divided into three groups: never smokers; smokers who did not use cigarettes to self-medicate, improve mood or physical ____; smokers who used cigarettes to self-medicate. Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how felt too fired to do things: had trouble going to sleep or staying asleep; felt unhappy, sad, or depressed; felt hopeless about the future; felt vexed, antsy or tense; and worried too much about things."Smokers who used cigarettes as mood improvers had higher risks of elevated depressive symptoms than teens who had never smoked," says co-researcher Jennifer O\'Loughlin, a professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine. "Our study found that teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are at higher risk of developing depressive symptoms."The association between depression and smoking exists principally among teens that use cigarettes to feel better. "It\'s important to emphasize that depressive symptom scores were higher among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke," says Dr. Chaiton.【单选题】

A.world

B.activity

C.state

D.beauty

正确答案:C

答案解析:科学家将参与者分成三组，其中一组的参与者不采用吸烟作为自我调节情绪的手段。填入的词应与情绪、身体等有关。若选A、B、D，组成的词组physical world（物质世界）、physical activity（体育活动）、physical beauty（形态美）均与上文的意思接不上，所以A、B、D不会是答案。由C的state组成的词组physical state（身体状况）与上文的意思连贯，因此C是答案。

5、15 Million Americans Suffer from Social Anxiety DisorderSocial anxiety disorder prevents some 15 million Americans from leading normal social and romantic lives, a new survey finds.The disorder leaves many isolated, ashamed and often misdiagnosed. Thirty-six percent of those with social anxiety disorder have symptoms for 10 years or more before seeking help, the Anxiety Disorders Association of America reports."Social anxiety disorder is when somebody has an intense, persistent and irrational fear of social or performance situations," Jerilyn Ross, the association\'s president and CEO, said during a teleconference Wednesday."The condition causes people to avoid common, everyday situations and even other people for fear of being judged or criticized or humiliated or embarrassing themselves," Ross said.Social anxiety disorder can interfere with daily routines and job performance, Ross noted. "It also makes it very difficult for people to develop friends and romantic partnerships," she said.People with this disorder recognize their fear is excessive and irrational, Ross noted. "But they feel powerless to do anything about it," she said.Social anxiety disorder can start in the early teens, Dr. Mark H. Pollack, director of the Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders and a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, said during the teleconference."This is a disorder that starts affecting people early on," Pollack said. "The typical age of onset is early adolescence, age 12 or 13, and many individuals report a history of anxiety dating back to earlier childhood."The disorder also has physical symptoms, including heart palpitations, feelings that their throat will close up, sweating, blushing, faintness, trembling and stammering, Ross said.Among people with the disorder, 75 percent said the condition affected their ability to do normal activities. In addition, 69 percent said they didn\'t want people to think they were crazy, and 58 percent said they were embarrassed by their condition, Ross said.However, when the condition is diagnosed and treated, many reported improvement in their lives. In fact, 59 percent who were receiving treatment said treatment had a positive effect on their ability to have a romantic relationship. In addition, 39 percent who had received treatment said knowing that treatment can be successful aided their decision to get help, Ross noted.Which is NOT true of people with social anxiety disorder?【单选题】

A.They\'re often isolated and ashamed.

B.They find it difficult to make friends.

C.They often fail to get timely treatment.

D.They tend to judge or criticize other people.

正确答案:D

答案解析:前三项在短文的第二段和第五段都有提及，只有第四项是错误的，他们不是常常评判或批评别人，而是害怕遭到别人的评判或批评。

6、Blasts from the Past1 Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history. Not because they were bigger, but because the carbon they released wiped out life with greater ease.2 Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past 300. million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do.3 Wignall calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.4 The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in. Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe, Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide, The global warming that followed wiped out 8 per cent of all marine genera at the time, and it took 5 million years far tire planet to recover.5 Yet 60 million years ago in the late Palaeocene there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global-warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years, "The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous, 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid.6 Wignall thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of C02 Ocean chemistry may also have played a role. As the supercontinents broke up and exposed more coastline there may have been more weathering of silica rocks. This would have encouraged the growth of phytoplankton in the oceans, increasing the amount of C02 absorbed from the atmosphere.7 Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignall\'s idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they fasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years.8 Courtillot also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide or sulphur dioxide emissions.The Permian extinction is used to illustrate____.【单选题】

A.than more recent ones

B.the killing efficiency for older eruptions

C.has remained controversial

D.Wignall\'s calculations as acceptable

E.has been mown to us all

F.his ideas

正确答案:B

答案解析:the killing efficiency for older eruptions:较早的火山爆发在灭绝生物方面的效率。填入后生成的句子意思是：二叠纪生物灭绝说明较早的火山喷发在灭绝生物方面的效率。这一点我们在对第三题做题解时已经提到。

7、Musical Training Can Improve Communication Skills American scientists say musical training seems to improve communication skills and language retardation. They found that developing musical skills involves the same process in the brain as learning how to speak. The scientists believe that could help children with learning disabilities. Nina Kraus is a neurobiologist at Northwestern University in Illinois. She says musical training involves putting together different kinds of information, such as hearing music, looking at musical notes, touching an instrument and watching other musicians. This process is not much different from learning how to speak. Both involve different senses. She further explains musical training and learning to speak each make us think about what we are doing. She says speech and music pass through a structure of the nervous system called the brain stem. The brain stem controls our ability to hear. Until recently, experts have thought the brain stem could not be developed or changed. But Professor Kranss and her team found that musical training can improve a person\'s brain stem activity. The study involved individuals with different levels of musical ability. They were asked to wear an electrical device that measures brain activity. The individuals wore the electrode while they watched a video of someone speaking and a person playing a musical instrument ---- the cello. ____ The study found that the more years of training people had, the more sensitive they were to the sound and rhythm of the music. Those who were involved in musical activities were the same people in whom the improvement of sensory events was the strongest. It shows the importance of musical training to children with learning disabilities. She says using music to improve listening skills could mean they hear sentences and understand facial expressions better. 【单选题】

A.Both involve different senses.

B.Nina Kraus is a neurobiologist at Northwestern University in Illinois.

C.Some disabled children attended the musical training Class.

D.It shows the importance of musical training to children with learning disabilities.

E.Professor Krauss says cellos have sound qualities similar to some of the sounds that are important with speech.

F.The brain stem controls our ability to hear.

正确答案:E

答案解析:同上面第三题的解释一样，选项E的句子中出现特指的the cellos，与上一句的cello相呼应，该句说明科学家为什么要选择大提琴作为音乐训练的乐器，上下文意思连贯，所以E是答案。

8、Cancer1. Cancer is a group of many related diseases that begin in cells, the body\'s basic building blocks. The body is made up of many types of cells. Normally, cells grow and divide to produce more cells as they are needed to keep the body healthy. Sometimes, this orderly process goes wrong. New cells form when the body does not need them, and old cells do not die when they should. The extra cells form a mass of tissue called a growth or tumor(肿瘤). Benign(良性的) tumors are not cancer. They can often be removed and, in most cases, they do not come back. Malignant (恶性的) tumors are cancer. Cells in malignant tumors are abnormal and divide without control or order.2. Scientists have learned that cancer is caused by changes in genes that normally control the growth and death of cells. Certain lifestyle and environmental factors can change some normal genes into genes that allow the growth of cancer. Many gene changes that lead to cancer are the result of tobacco use, diet, exposure to ultraviolet(紫外线的) radiation from the sun, or exposure to carcinogens (致症物) in the workplace or in the environment. Some gene alterations are inherited.3. Cancer treatment can include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy(化疗), hormone therapy, and biological therapy. The doctor may use one method or a combination of methods, depending on the type and location of the cancer, whether the disease has spread, the patient\'s age and general health and other factors. Because treatment for cancer can also damage healthy cells and tissues, it often causes side effects. Patients and doctors generally discuss the treatment options, weighting the likely benefits of killing cancer cells and the risks of possible side effects.4. Having cancer does not always mean having pain. Whether a patient has pain may depend on the type of cancer, the extent of the disease and the patient\'s tolerance for pain. Most pain occurs when the cancer grows and presses against bones, organs, or nerves. Pain may also be a side effect of treatment. However, pain can generally be relieved or reduced with prescription medicines or over - the - counter drugs recommended by the doctor.Treatment for cancer may also bring about some ______.【单选题】

A.side effects

B.prescription medicines

C.control or order

D.tolerance for pain

E.various factors

F.different genes

正确答案:A

答案解析:本题有一定难度，需要认真寻找答案依据。答案依据在文章第三段倒数第二句话：Because treatment for cancer can also damage healthy cells and tissues, it often causes side effects. 谈到癌症治疗也会损害健康细胞和组织，会带来副作用，回来看选项，A项符合原文句意，是答案。

9、Who is the head of this delegation?【单选题】

A.Captain

B.leader

C.best

D.capital

正确答案:B

答案解析:head在这个句子里和leader同义，表示“领导者、指挥者”；captain:船长、机长、队长；best:最好的；capital:首都、资金。

10、They say Ireland\'s the BestIreland is the best place in the world to live in for 2005, according to a life quality ranking that appeared in Britain\'s Economist magazine last week.The ambitious attempt to compare happiness levels around the world is based on the principle that wealth is not the only measure of human satisfaction and well-being.The index of 111 countries uses data on incomes, health, unemployment, climate, political stability, job security, gender equality as well as what the magazine calls "freedom, family and community life".Despite the bad weather, troubled health service, traffic congestion (拥挤), gender inequality, and the high cost of living, Ireland scored an impressive 8.33 points out of 10.That put it well ahead of second-place Switzerland, which managed 8.07. Zimbabwe, troubled by political insecurity and hunger, is rated the gloomiest (最差的) , picking up only 3.89 points."Although rising incomes and increased individual choices are highly valued, " the report said, "some of the factors associated with modernization such as the breakdown in traditional institutions and family values in part take away from a positive impact."Ireland wins because it successfully combines the most desirable elements of the new with the preservation of certain warm elements of the old, such as stable family and community life. "The magazine admitted measuring quality of life is not a straightforward thing to do, and that its findings would have their critics.No. 2 on the list is Switzerland. The other nations in the top 10 are Norway, Luxembourg, Sweden, Australia, Iceland, Italy, Denmark and Spain.The UK is positioned at No. 29, a much lower position chiefly because of the social and family breakdown recorded in official statistics. The US, which has the second highest per capita GDP after Luxembourg, took the 13th place in the survey. China was in the lower half the league at 60th.For 2,005 years, Ireland has been the best place for humans to live in.【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

正确答案:B

答案解析:句子中的时间状语结构恰恰就是我们所说的一种可作为线索的特征结构（因为数字容易在文章中被查找到），我们利用2，005作为答案线索，在文章中找到答案相关句中提到的是“for 2005（对2005年而言）”，不是问题句中说的“for 2，005 years（在2005年的时间里）”，而且画线结构说“爱尔兰2005年被选为世界上最适合居住的地方”，显然这个内容与问题句的内容不一致，判断问题句的说法错误。