2021年职称英语考试《理工类》考试共65题，分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理阅读理解分析5道练习题，附答案解析，供您备考练习。

1、Arctic MeltEarth\'s North and South Poles are famous for being cold and icy. Last year, however, the amount of ice in the Arctic Ocean (北冰群) fell to a record low.Normally, ice builds in Arctic waters around the North Pole each winter and shrinks(缩小) during the summer. But for many years, the amount of ice left by the end of summer has been declining.Since 1979, each decade has seen an 11.4 percent drop in end of summer ice cover. Between 1981 and 2000, ice in the Arctic lost 22 percent of its thickness, becoming 1.13 meters thinner.Last summer, Arctic sea ice reached its thinnest levels. By the end of summer 2007, the ice had shrunk to cover just 4.2 million square kilometers. That\'s 38 percent less area than the average cover at that time of year. And it\'s a very large 23 percent below the previous record low, which was set just 2 years ago. This continuing trend has made scientists concerned to.There may be several reasons for the ice melt, says Jinlun Zhang, an oceanographer (海洋学家)at the University of Washington in Seattle. Unusually strong winds blew through the Arctic last summer. The winds pushed much of the ice out of the central Arctic, leaving a large area of thin ice and open water.Scientists also suspect that fewer clouds cover the Arctic now than in the past. Clearer skies allow more sunlight to reach the ocean. The extra heat warms both the water and the atmosphere. In parts of the Arctic Ocean last year, surface temperatures were 3.57 Celsius warmer than the average and 1.5c warmer than the previous record.With both air and water getting warmer, the ice is melting from both above and below. In some parts of the Beaufort Sea, north of Alaska and western Canada, ice that measured 3.3 meters thick at the beginning of the summer was measured just 50 cm by season\'s endThe new measurements suggest that melting is far more severe than the thinking of scientists. Some scientists fear that the Arctic is stuck in a warming trend.What may be some of the reasons for the ice melt in the Arctic? ______【单选题】

A.Unusually strong winds and clearer skies.

B.Heavy clouds and light winds.

C.Longer summers and shorter winters.

D.Thin ice and open water.

正确答案:A

答案解析:本题有一定的难度，但答案依据还是比较明显，不过跨越了两个段落，文章第五段谈到去年有强风刮过北极，第六段谈到科学家怀疑云层少了，所以答案是A。

2、Waving With LightIn the Sierra Madre mountain range of west central Mexico, the native Huichol people live much the way their ancestors did without electricity. That\'s because it\'s too expensive to string power lines to the remote mountain areas where they live. To help support themselves, the Huichol create beautiful artwork. They sell their art in cities hundreds of miles away from their villages. And without electricity at home or on the road, they can only work during daylight hours. When it gets dark, they must stop whatever they\'re doing. Now, a team of scientists, designers, and architects are using new technologies to provide the Huichol with light after the sun sets. The scientists\' technique involves weaving tiny electronic crystals into fabrics that can be made into clothes, bags, or other items. By collecting the sun\'s energy during the day, these lightweight fabrics provide bright white light at night. Their inventors have named the fabrics "Portable Lights." Portable Lights have the potential to transform the lives of people without electricity around the world, says project leader Sheila Kennedy. "Our invention," Kennedy says, "came from seeing how we could transform technology we saw every day in the United States and move it into new markets for people who didn\'t have a lot of money."At the core of Portable Light technology are devices called high-brightness light-emitting diodes, or HB LEDs. These tiny lights appear in digital clocks, televisions, and streetlights. LEDs are completely different from the light bulbs. Most of those glass bulbs belong to a type called incandescent lights. Inside, electricity heats a metal coil to about 2,200 degrees Celsius. At that temperature, bulbs give of flight we can see. Ninety percent of energy produced by incandescent lights, however, is heat and invisible. With all that wasted energy, bulbs burn out quickly. They are also easily broken. LEDs, on the other hand, are like tiny pieces of rock made up of molecules that are arranged in a crystal structure. When an electric current passes through an LED, the crystal structure produces light. Unlike incandescent bulbs, they can produce light of various colors. Within an LED, the type of molecules and their particular arrangement determines what color is produced. What is the most important part of the Portable Light technology?【单选题】

A.HB LEDs.

B.Glass Bulbs.

C.Incandescent lights.

D.Heated metal coils.

正确答案:A

答案解析:第6段第1句提供了答案。Portable Lights技术的最主要部分是high-brightness light-emitting diodes，即高亮度发光二极管。

3、Strike in MTV NetworksScores of workers from MTV Networks walked off the job yesterday afternoon, filling the sidewalk outside the headquarters of its corporate parent, Viacom, to protest recent changes in benefits. The walkout highlighted the concerns of a category of workers who are sometimes called permalancers： permanent freelancers who work like full-time employees but do not receive the same benefits.Waving signs that read "Shame on Viacom", the workers, most of them in their 20s, demanded that MTV Networks reverse a plan to reduce health and dental benefits for freelancers beginning Jan. 1. In a statement, MTV Networks noted that its benefits program for full-time employees had also undergone changes, and it emphasized that the plan for freelancers was still highly competitive within the industry. Many freelancers receive no corporate benefits. But some of the protesters asserted that corporations were competing to see which could provide the most mediocre health care coverage. Matthew Yonda, who works at Nickelodeon, held a sign that labeled the network "Sick-elodeon". "I\'ve worked here every day for three years-I\'m not a freelancer," Mr. Yonda said. "They just call us freelancers in order to bar us from getting the same benefits as employees."The changes to the benefits package were announced last Tuesday. Freelancers were told that they would become eligible for benefits after 160 days of work, beginning in January. While that eased previous eligibility rules, which required freelancers to work for 52 weeks before becoming eligible, it would have required all freelancers not yet eligible for benefits to start the waiting period over again on Jan. 1. The 401 (k) plan was also removed On Thursday, acknowledging the complaints, MTV Networks reinstated the 401 (k) plan and said freelancers who had worked consistently since March would be eligible.Fueled by a series of blog posts on the media web site Gawker-the first post was headlined "The Viacom Permalance Slave System" -a loose cohort of freelancers created protest stickers and distributed walkout fliers last week. Caroline O\'Hare, a unit manager who has worked for MTV for more than two years, said the new health care plan-with higher deductibles and a $ 2,000 cap on hospital expenses each year-had provoked outrage. "They think they can treat us like children that don\'t have families, mortgages or dreams of retirement," she said.Outside Viacom\'s headquarters, several workers held posters with the words, "There\'s too many of us to ignore." It was unclear how many freelancers are on the company\'s payroll; an MTV Networks spokeswoman said the figure was not known because it rises and falls throughout the year. The company has 5,500 full-time employees, excluding freelancers, around the world.Two freelancers and one full-time employee, who asked not to be identified for fear of retribution, estimated that the percentage of freelancers in some departments exceeded 75 percent. Another labor action is expected to take place outside Viacom later this week. Members of the Writers Guild of America, who have been on strike for five weeks, are expected to picket there on Thursday.According to the new benefits program of MTV Networks, the following freelancers are eligible for benefits except ______.【单选题】

A.those who have worked for 160 days

B.those who have worked for 1 year

C.those who have worked since March

D.those who have worked since Jan. 1

正确答案:D

答案解析:细节考查题。题干问的是根据MTV网络的新福利方案，除了哪项之外，自由职业者都有资格享受福利。答案参见第三段MTV对新福利方案所做的修改，A项符合。B项在任意情况下均符合。C项在方案修改后符合。只有D不符合，故正确答案为D。

4、WaterThe second most important constituent (构成成份) of the biosphere (生物圈) is liquid water. This can only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures, since water freezes at 0℃ and boils at 100℃. Life as we know it would only be possible on the surface of a planet which had temperatures somewhere within this narrow range.The earth\'s supply of water probably remains fairly constant in quantity. The total quantity of water is not known very accurately, but it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe to a depth of about two and three - quarter kilometers. Most of it is in the form of the salt water of the oceans about 97 percent. The rest is fresh, but three -quarters of this is in the form of ice at the Poles and on mountains, and cannot be used by living systems until melted. Of the remaining fraction, which is somewhat less than one percent of the whole, there is 10 -20 times as much stored underground water as there is actually on the surface. There is also a tiny, but extremely important fraction of the water supply which is present as water vapour in the atmosphere.Water vapour in the atmosphere is the channel through which the whole water circulation (循环) of the biosphere has to pass. Water evaporated (蒸发) from the surface of the oceans, from lakes and rivers and from moist (潮湿的) earth is added to it. From it the water comes out again as rain or snow, falling on either the sea or the land. There is, as might be expected, a more intensive evaporation per unit area over the sea and oceans than over the land, but there is more rainfall over the land than over the oceans and the balance is restored by the runoff from the land in the form of rivers.The total quantity of water on Earth ______.【单选题】

A.remains almost unchanged

B.has greatly increased m recent years

C.is decreasing constantly

D.is affected by global warming

正确答案:A

答案解析:本题难度不大，答案依据比较明显，答案依据是文章第二段第一句，谈到地球的总供水量是很稳定的，回来看选项，A项是其近义解释，所以正确，答案是A。

5、Walking to Exercise the BrainDo you think sitting and studying all the time will improve students grades? Think again. Getting some exercise may help, too.New research with older people suggests that taking regular walks helps them pay attention better than if they didn\'t exercise.Previous research had shown that mice learn, remember and pay attention better after a few weeks of working out on a running wheel. Mice that exercise have greater blood flow to the brain than those who don\'t. Their brain cells also make more connections.Neuroscientists (神经科学家) from the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign wanted to find out if the same thing is true for people. First, they measured the physical fitness of 41 adults, ages 58 to 77, after each person walked I mile. Then, participants looked at arrows on a computer screen and had to use computer keys to show which way one particular arrow was pointing.Adults who were physically fit were faster at the arrow task, and their answers were just as accurate as their less - fit peers, the researchers found. The fitter participants also had more blood flow to a part of their brain responsible for paying attention and making decisions.In a second study, 15 elderly people who completed a 6 - month aerobic - training (有氧运动) course were faster at attention tasks compared with 14 seniors who just did stretching and toning (韵律操) exercises for the same amount of time.So, even going for a walk every 2 or 3 days for just 10 to 45 minutes can help. That should be good news for the elderly.The effects of exercising on the brains of younger people haven\'t been studied yet. Still, it can\'t hurt to take occasional breaks and go for a walk or run around with friends. Whatever you do, though, don\'t try to read and walk at the same time. You could end up hurting yourself!Walking regularly helps elderly people ______.【单选题】

A.lose weight

B.become happier

C.concentrate better

D.look younger

正确答案:C

答案解析:本题难度不大，找到答案依据不难。答案依据在文章第二段。第二段谈到新的研究表明，相对于不锻炼，经常散步有助于帮助老年人更好集中精力，回来看选项，很明显，C是近义解释，是答案。