2019年职称英语考试《综合类》考试共65题，分为单选题。小编为您整理阅读理解分析5道练习题，附答案解析，供您备考练习。

1、Stop Eating Too much
"Clean your plate!"and" Be a member of the clean-plate club!" Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often, it's accompanied by an appeal: "Just think about those starving orphans (孤儿) in Africa!" Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites. Instead of saying "clean the plate", perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.
According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies(肚子). A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.
Barbara Rolls, a nutrition (营养) professor at Pennsylvania State University, told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1970s, the same time that the American waistline(腰围) began to expand.
Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently, some customers are calling for this too. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed believed restaurants served portions that were too large; 23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed. But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can't afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earn at least $ 150,000 per year prefer smaller portions; but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25, 000 want smaller.
It's not that working class Americans don't want to eat healthy. It's just that, after long hours at low-paying jobs, getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal. They live from paycheck (薪金支票) to paycheck, happy to save a little money for next year's Christmas presents.(2008年)
What happened in the 1970s?
【单选题】

A.The US government called on its people to reduce their weight.

B.Health experts persuaded restaurants to serve smaller portions.

C.The American waistline started to expand.

D.The United States produced more grain than needed.

正确答案:C

答案解析:题干问“20世纪70年代发生了什么”。参见文章第三段，其中提到：一位宾夕法尼亚州立大学营养学教授告诉《今日美国》，20世纪70年代餐馆给的饭菜的量开始增加，与此同时，美国人的腰围也开始增大。故正确答案为C。

1、Shopping at Second - hand Clothing Stores
When 33 years old Pete Barth was in college, shopping at second - hand clothing stores was just something he did－"like changing the tires on his car." He looked at his budget and decided he could save a lot of money by shopping for clothes at thrift shops.
"Even new clothes are fairly disposable (用后即丢掉的) and wear out after a couple of years," Barth said. "In thrift shops, you can find some great stuff whose quality is better than new clothes."
Since then, Barth, who works at a Goodwill thrift shop in the US state of Florida, has found that there are all kinds of reasons for shopping for second - hand clothing. Some people, like him, shop to save money. Some shop for a crazy - looking shirt. And some shop as a means of conserving energy and helping the environment.
Pat Akins, an accountant at a Florida Salvation Army (SA) (救世军) thrift shop, said that, for her, shopping at thrift shops is a way to help the environment.
"When my daughter was little, we looked at it as recycling," Akins said: "Also, why pay 30 dollars for a new coat when you can get another one for a lot less?"
Akins said that the SA has shops all over the US－"some as big as department stores". All of the clothes are donated (捐赠), and when they have a surplus (盈余), they'll have "stuff a bag" specials, where customers can fill a grocery sack with clothes for only 5 or 10 dollars.
Julia Stocum, 22, points out, however, that the huge amount of second - hand clothing in the US is the result of American wastefulness.
"I'd say that second - hand stores are the result of our wasteful, materialistic culture," said Slocum, who works for a pro - conservation organization, the center of a New American Dream. "Thrift shops prevent waste from going to landfills (垃圾填埋场), They give clothing a second life and provide cheaper clothing for those who can't afford to buy new ones and generate (创造) income for charities. They also provide a way for the wealthy and middle classes to shed (摆脱) the guilt for their level of consumption."
The word "thrift" in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by【单选题】

A.charity.

B.one dollar.

C.first class.

D.two dollars.

正确答案:A

答案解析:本题有一定难度，需要认真阅读文章，答案依据主要在文章第六段。本题不能靠查词典查单词意思来确定答案。第六段谈到旧货店的所有衣服均为捐赠所得，最后一段有谈到了旧货店所得的收入都捐赠给慈善机构，所以答案是A。

1、A Carrot a Day Keeps Cancer Away
Among all the malignancies, lung cancer is the biggest killer: more than 100,000 Americans a year die of the disease. Giving up smoking is one of obvious way to reduce the risk, but another answer may lie in the kitchen. According to a new report, even heavy smokers may be protected from developing lung cancer by a simple dietary measure: a daily portion of carrots, spinach or any other vegetable or fruit containing a form of vitamin A called carotene.
The finding, published in the British medical journal The Lancet, is part of a long-range investigation of diet and disease. Since 1957 a team of American researchers has monitored the dietary habits and medical histories of 2,000 middle-aged men employed by the Western Electric Co. in Chicago. Led by Dr. Richard Shelelle of Chicago's Rush-Presbyterian, St. Luke's Medical Center, the researchers recently began to sort out the links between the subjects' dietary patterns and cancer. Other studies of animals and humans have suggested that vitamin A offers some protection against lung cancer. The correlation seemed logical, since vitamin A is essential for the growth of the epithelial (上皮的) tissue that lines the airways of the lungs.
Vegetables: But the earlier research did not distinguish between two different forms of the vitamin. "Preformed" vitamin A, known as retinol, is found mainly in liver and dairy products like milk, cheese, butter and eggs. But vitamin A is also made in the body from carotene, which is abundant in a variety of vegetables and fruits, including carrots, spinach, squash, tomatoes, sweet potatoes and apples.
In the Western Electric study, Shekelle and his colleagues found little correlation between the incidence of lung cancer and the consumption of foods containing preformed vitamin A, but when they examined the data on carotene intake, they discovered a significant relationship. Among the488 men who had the lowest level of carotene consumption, there were fourteen cases of lung cancer, in a group of the same size that ate the most carotene, only two cases developed. The apparent protective effect of carotene held up even for longtime smokers but to a lesser degree.
Further studies will be necessary before the link between lung cancer and carotene can be firmly established. In the meantime, researchers warn against taking large numbers of vitamin A pills, because the tablets contain a form of the chemical that can be extremely toxic in high doses. Instead, they advise a well-balance diet that includes foods rich in carotene. For a smoker, a half-cup of carrots every day might possibly make the difference between life and death.
Why did Dr. Shelelle think the correlation between vitamin A and lung cancer protection was logical?【单选题】

A.Vitamin A causes lung cancer.

B.Vitamin A cures lung cancer.

C.Vitamin A is necessary for the growth of the tissue lining the lungs.

D.Vitamin A is a molecule that prevents smoke from being inhaled.

正确答案:C

答案解析:根据第2段最后一句，“这种关系符合逻辑，因为维生素A对于排列在肺部呼吸通道的上皮组织结构的生长是必不可少的”。

1、Pronouncing a Language
Pronouncing a language is a skill. Every normal person is an expert in the skill of pronouncing his own language; but few people are even fairly proficient at pronouncing foreign languages. Now there are many reasons for this, some obvious, some perhaps not so obvious. But I suggest that the basic reason why people in general do not speak foreign languages very much better than they do native language is that they fail to understand the true nature of the problem of learning to pronounce. Far too many people fail to realize that pronouncing a foreign language is a skill----one that needs careful training of a special kind, and one that cannot be gained by just leaving it to take care of itself. I think even teachers of language, while realizing the importance of a good accent, often neglect, in their practical teaching, the branch of study concerned with speaking the language. So the first point I want to make is that English pronunciation must be taught; the teacher should be prepared to devote some of the lesson time to this, and get the student to feel that here is a matter worthy of receiving his close attention. So, there should be occasions when other aspects of English, such as grammar or spelling, are allowed for the moment to take second place.
Besides this question of the time given to pronunciation, there are two other requirements for the teacher: the first, knowledge; the second, technique.
It is also possible to get a clear mental picture of the relationship between the sounds of different languages, between the speech habits of English people and those, say, of your students. Unless the teacher has such a picture, any comments he may make on his students' pronunciation are unlikely to be of much use, and lesson time spent on pronunciation may well be time wasted.
According to the writer, what are teachers likely to ignore?【单选题】

A.The practical techniques of teaching

B.The importance of a good accent

C.The teaching of spelling and grammar

D.The teaching of pronunciation

正确答案:D

答案解析:从第1段第6句可知，甚至教语言的老师，即便知道好的口音的重要性，在实际教学中也常常忽略这种和语言有关的学科，因此答案是D。

1、Britain's Solo Sailor
Ellen MacArthur started sailing when she was eight, going out on sailing trips with her aunt. She loved it so much that she saved her money for three years to buy her first small sailing boat. When she was 18, she sailed alone around Britain and won the "Young Sailor of the Year" award.
Ellen became famous in 2001. Aged only 24, she was one of the only two women who entered the Vendee Globe round the world solo race, which lasts 100 days. Despite of many problems, she came the second in the race out of 24 competitors and she was given a very warm welcome when she returned.
Ambition and determination have always been a big part of Ellen's personality. When she was younger, she lived in a kind of hut (棚屋) for three years while she was trying to get sponsorship to compete in a transatlantic race. Then she took a one - way ticket to France, bought a tiny seven meter Class Mini yacht (游艇), slept under it while she was repairing it, and then she raced it 4,000 kilometres across the Atlantic in 1997, alone for 33 days.
Ellen has to learn many things, because sailing single - handed means that she has to be her own captain, electrician, sailmaker, engineer, doctor, journalist, cameraman and cooker, She also has to be very fit, and because of the dangers of sleeping for long periods of time she's in the middle of the ocean, she has trained herself to sleep for about 20 minutes at a time.
And she needs courage. Once, in the middle of the ocean, she had to climb the mast (桅杆) of a boat to repair the sails at four o'clock in the morning, with 100 kph winds blowing around her. It took her many hours to make the repairs, Ellen says: "I was exhausted when came down. It's hard to describe how it feels to be up there. It's like trying to hold onto a big pole, which for me is just too big to get my arms around, with someone kicking you all the time and trying to shake you off".
But in her diary, Ellen also describes moments which is worthwhile (值得的) :"A beautiful sunrise started the day, with black clouds slowly lit by the bright yellow sun. I have a very strong feeling of pleasure, being out here on the ocean and having the chance to live this. I just feel lucky to be here."
How does Ellen feel about the Vendee Globe race? ____【单选题】

A.It is enjoyable.

B.It is surprising.

C.It is dangerous.

D.It is relaxing.

正确答案:A

答案解析:本题有一定难度，首先要定好位，答案依据在最后一段，选项D有一定的干扰，认真阅读原文后可排除。文章最后一段谈到了worthwhile，值得的，最后一句还提到I just feel lucky to be here，“感到自己非常幸运”，所以最佳答案是A。