2019年职称英语考试《卫生类》考试共65题，分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理阅读理解分析5道练习题，附答案解析，供您备考练习。

1、Human Heart Can Make New Cells
Solving a longstanding mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues to generate new cardiac cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows with age.
The finding, published in the April 3 issue of Science, could open a new path for the treatment of heart diseases such as heart failure and heart attack, experts say.
"We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes, are renewed," said lead researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen, a professor of stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. "It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we are born with or if they could be renewed," he said.
The process of renewing these cells changes over time, Frisen added. In a 20-year-old, about 1 percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year, but the turnover rate decreases with age to only 0. 45 percent by age 75,
"If we can understand how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated, it may be potentially possible to develop pharmaceuticals that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after for example, a heart attack, "Frisen said.
That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts.
A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure," noted co-author Dr. Ratan Bhardwaj.
Ratan Bhardwaj, also from the Karolinska Institute. "Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying," he said.
With this finding, scientists are "opening the door to potential therapies to having ourselves heal ourselves," Bhardwaj said. "Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that would make heart cells make new and more cells to overcome the problem they are facing. "
But barriers remain. According to Bhardwaj, scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off, especially in older patients with heart failure. In addition, the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts-whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown.
The human heart stops producing cardiac cells____.【单选题】

A.when a person becomes old

B.as soon as a person gets sick

C.immediately after a person is born

D.once a person dies

正确答案:D

答案解析:根据是第一段中：. . . the human heart continues to generate new cardiac cells throughout the life span。在人的整个生命进程中，其心脏不断产生新的心肌细胞。言外之意，这个过程直到人死才会停止。

2、The Only Way Is Up
Think of a modem city and the first image that come to mind is the skyline. It is full of great buildings, pointing like fingers to heaven. It is true that some cities don＇t permit buildings to go above a certain height. But these are cities concerned with the past. The first thing any city does when it wants to tell the world that it has arrived is to build skyscrapers.
When people gather together in cities, they create a demand for land since cities are places where money is made, that demand can be met. And the best way to make money out of city land is to put as many people as possible in a space that covers the smallest amount of ground that means building upwards.
The technology existed to do this as early as the 19th century. But the height of buildings was limited by one important factor. They had to be small enough for people on the top floors to climb stairs. People could not be expected to climb a mountain at the end of their journey to work, or home.
Elisha Otis, a US inventor, was the man who brought us the lift or elevator, as he preferred to call it. However, most of the technology is very old lifts work using the same pulley system the Egyptians used to create the Pyramids. What Otis did was attach the system to a steam engine and develop the elevator brake, which stops the lift falling if the cords that hold it up are broken. It was this that did the most to gain public confidence in the new invention. In fact, he spent a number of years exhibiting lifts at fairgrounds, giving people the chance to try them out before selling the idea to architects and builders.
A lift would not be a very good theme park attraction now. Going in a lift is such an everyday thing that it would just be boring. Yet psychologists and others who study human behavior find lifts fascinating. The reason is simple. Scientists have always studied animals in zoos. The nearest they can get to that with humans is in observing them in lifts.
"It breaks all the usual conventions about the bubble of personal space we carry around with us and you just can＇t choose to move away," says workplace psychologist, Gary Fitzgibbon. Being trapped in this setting can create different types of tensions, he says. Some people are scared of them. Others use them as an opportunity to get close to the boss. Some stand close to the door. Others hide in the comers. Most people try and shrink into the background but some behave in a way that makes others notice them. There are a few people who just stand in a comer taking notes.
Don＇t worry about them. They are probably from a university.
Which of the following best describes the experience of going in a lift now? 【单选题】

A.Fascinating.

B.Uninteresting.

C.Frightening.

D.Exciting.

正确答案:B

答案解析:现在电梯已经十分普通，没有人会觉得乘电梯是件好玩的事。

3、Early childhood education
In a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States, many Americans are turning to Japan, a country of high academic achievement and economic success, for possible answers. However, the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find in most Japanese preschools, surprisingly little emphasis is put on academic instruction. In one investigation, 300 Japanese and 210 American preschool teachers, child development specialists, and parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education. Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents listed "to give children a good start academically" as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. In contrast, over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices. To prepare children for successful careers in first grade and beyond, Japanese schools do not teach reading, writing, and mathematics, but rather skills such as persistence, concentration, and the ability to function as a member of a group. The vast majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents.
In the recent comparison of Japanese and American preschool education, 91 percent of Japanese respondents chose providing children with a group experience as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. Sixty-two percent of the more individually oriented (强调个性发展的) Americans listed group experience as one of their top three choices. An emphasis on the importance of the group seen in Japanese early childhood education continues into elementary school education.
Like in America, there is diversity in Japanese early childhood education. Some Japanese kindergartens have specific aims, such as early musical training or potential development. In large cities, some kindergartens are attached to universities that have elementary and secondary schools. Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a university-based program, it will increase the children＇s chances of eventually being admitted to top-rated schools and universities. Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out for the heavy intellectualizing in some Japanese kindergartens.
Free play has been introduced in some Japanese kindergartens in order to ____.【单选题】

A.broaden children＇s horizon

B.cultivate children＇s creativity

C.lighten children＇s study load

D.enrich children＇s knowledge

正确答案:C

答案解析:此题可以从全文的最后一句话得出答案。其他三个选项“扩大孩子的视野”、“培养孩子的创造力”和“丰富孩子的知识”文中无明确的说明。

4、Online Cancer Chat with a Safety Net
Cancer Research UK has launched an online chat forum for cancer patients to swap (变换) stories and share experiences on how to cope with such a devastating disease.
But Cancer Chat is a forum with a difference: it has an information safety net.
This means that a Cancer Research UK team will keep a watching brief to ensure that patients are not subjected to rogue (劣等的) "cancer cures" or scientifically unsound information.
Anyone can have access to the messages posted on Cancer Chat, but if people wish to post a message, they will need to register.
And Rebekah Gibbs, cancer patient and star of TWs Casualty, has pledged her support for the new project. "I think Cancer Chat is a brilliant idea," she said. "I have written a public diary about what I went through with breast cancer and I have had such a heart - warming response from other people going through the same thing."
The idea of a Cancer Chat forum means you can share information about treatment and side effects and you can really open up about your feelings online in a way that can be difficult when talking to close friends and family. And with Cancer Research UK monitoring the forum, people can be reassured about the quality of information being exchanged.
Cancer Chat will also encourage its users to check out any cancer questions on its CancerHelp UK website, which is specially designed to give patients and their families 6,000 pages of up - to - date information that is easy to understand and explains a wide range of treatments for different types of cancer and gives details of clinical trials. There is also a UK database of cancer clinical trials.
The award - winning website attracts around one million visitors a month and Cancer Research UK hopes that some of these visitors will also want to post comments on the Cancer Chat forum.
For those who do not have access to computers and have questions about cancer, the charity＇s team of cancer information nurses are available during office hours to talk over patients＇ concerns on the phone.
The word "charity" in the last line but one refers to ______. 【单选题】

A.Cancer Chat

B.CancerHelp UK

C.TWs Casualty

D.Cancer Research UK

正确答案:D

答案解析:本题有一定难度，需要认真吃透原文句意，找出判断依据。通读文章最后几段可以发现，the charity指的是慈善机构Cancer Research UK，答案是D。

5、Youth Emancipation in Spain
The Spanish Government is so worried about the number of young adults still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest.
Around 55 percent of people aged 18 ～ 34 in Spain still sleep in their parents＇ home, says the latest report from the country＇s state - run Institute of Youth.
To coax (劝诱) young people from their homes, the Institute started a "Youth Emancipation(解放)" programme this month. The programme offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs.
Economists blame young people＇s family dependence on the precarious (不稳定的) labour market and increasing housing prices. Housing prices have risen 17 percent a year since 2000.
Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem, say sociologists (社会学家). Family ties in south Europe (Italy, Portugal and Greece) are stronger than those in middle and north Europe, said Spanish sociologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report "The Late Emancipation of Spanish Youth: Key for Understanding".
"In general, young people in Spain firmly believe in the family as the main body around which their private life is organized," said Minguez.
In Spain, especially in the countryside, it is not uncommon to find entire groups of aunts, uncles, cousins, nieces and nephews (外甥／侄子) all living on the same street. They regularly get together for Sunday dinner.
Parents tolerance is another factor. Spanish parents accept late - night partying and are wary of setting bedtime rules.
"A child can arrive home at whatever time he wants. If parents complain he＇ll put up a fight and call the father a fascist," said Jose Antonio Gomez Yanez, a sociologist at Carlos Ill University in Madrid.
Mothers willingness to do children＇s household chores (家务) worsens the problem. Dionisio Masso, a 60 - year - old in Madrid, has three children in their 20s, The eldest 28, has a girlfriend and a job. But life with mum is good.
"His mum does the wash and cooks for him, in the end, he lives well," Masso said.
It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that family ties are stronger in Portugal than in ______.【单选题】

A.Greece

B.Finland

C.Spain

D.Italy

正确答案:B

答案解析:本题难度不大，是送分题。第五段第二句谈到了欧洲南部国家的家庭联系比欧洲中部和北部的国家更紧密，结合地理知识，芬兰位于北部，所以答案是B，此外，即使不靠地理知识，也可使用排除法做对这道题目，作者列举了三个国家都是在欧洲南部，选项A，C，D都是作者提到的，可以明显被排除掉，答案只能是B。