2024年职称英语考试《卫生类》考试共65题，分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理阅读理解分析5道练习题，附答案解析，供您备考练习。

1、When a disease of epidemic proportions rips into the populace, scientists immediately get to work, trying to locate the source of the affliction ａｎｄ　find ways to combat it. Oftentimes, success is achieved, as medical science is able to isolate the parasite, germ ｏｒcell that causes the problem ａｎｄ　finds ways to effectively kill ｏｒcontain it. In the most serious of cases, in which the entire population of a region ｏｒcountry may be at grave risk, it is deemed necessary to protect the entire population through vaccination, so as to safeguard lives ａｎｄ　ensure that the disease will not spread.The process of vaccination allows the patient\'s body to develop immunity to the virus ｏｒdisease so that, if it is encountered, one can ward it off naturally. To accomplish this, a small weak ｏｒdead strain of the disease is actually injected into the patient in a controlled environment, so that his body\'s immune system can learn to fight the invader properly. Information on how to penetrate the disease\'s defenses is transmitted to all elements of the patient\'s immune system in a process that occurs naturally, in which genetic information is passed from cell to cell. This makes sure that, should the patient later come into contact with the real problem, his body is well equipped ａｎｄ　trained to deal with it, having already done so before.There are dangers inherent in the process, however. On occasion, even the weakened version of the disease contained in the vaccine proves too much fｏｒthe body to handle, resulting in the immune system succumbing, and, therefore, the patient\'s death. Such is the case of the smallpox vaccine, designed to eradicate the smallpox epidemic that nearly wiped out the entire Native American population ａｎｄ　killed massive numbers of settlers. Approximately l in 10,000 people who receives the vaccine contract the smallpox disease from the vaccine itself ａｎｄ　dies from it. Thus, if the entire population of the United States were to receive the Smallpox Vaccine today, 3,000 Americans would be left dead.Fortunately, the smallpox virus was considered eradicated in the early 1970\'s, ending the mandatory vaccination of all babies in America. In the event of a re-introduction of the disease, however, mandatory vaccinations may resume, resulting in more unexpected deaths from vaccination. The process, which is truly a mixed blessing, may indeed hide some hidden curses.What does the example of the Smallpox Vaccine illustrate?【单选题】

A.The possible negative outcome of administering vaccines.

B.The practical use of a vaccine to control an epidemic disease.

C.The effectiveness of vaccines in eradicating certain disease.

D.The method by which vaccines are employed against the disease.

正确答案:A

答案解析:细节考查题。题干问的是“天花疫苗这个例子说明了什么情况”。答案参见第三段：使用疫苗可能会带来负面结果。故正确答案为A。选项B、C、D的内容都不是这个例证所谈论的观点。

2、BaseballThere are people in Italy who can\'t stａｎｄ　soccer. Not all Canadians love hockey. A similar situation exists in America, where there are those individuals you may be one of them who yawn ｏｒeven frown when somebody mentions baseball. Baseball to them means boring hours watching grown men in funny tight outfits standing around in a field staring away while very little of anything happens. They tell you it\'s a game better suited to the 19th century, slow, quiet ａｎｄ　gentlemanly. These are the same people you may be one of them who love football because there\'s the sport that glorifies "the hit".By contrast, baseball seems abstract, cool, silent ａｎｄ　still. On TV the game is fractured into a dozen perspectives, replays ａｎｄ　close ups. The geometry of the game, however, is essential to understanding it. You will contemplate the game from one point as a painter does his subject; you may, of course, project yourself into the game. It is in this projection that the game affords so much space ａｎｄ　time fｏｒinvolvement. The TV won\'t do it fｏｒyou.Take, fｏｒexample, the third baseman. You sit behind the third base dugout ａｎｄ　you watch him watching home plate. His legs are apart, knees flexed. His arms hang loose. He does a lot of this. The skeptic still cannot think of any other sports so still, so passive. But watch what happens every time the pitcher throws: the third baseman goes up on his toes, flexes his arms ｏｒbring the glove to a point in front of him, takes a step right ｏｒleft, backward ｏｒforward, perhaps he glances across the field to check his first baseman\'s position. Suppose the pitch is a ball. "Nothing happened," you say. "I could have had my eyes closed".The skeptic ａｎｄ　the innocent must play the game. ａｎｄ　this involvement in the stands is no more intellectual than listening to music is. Watch the third baseman. Smooth the dirt in front of you with one foot; smooth the pocket in your glove; watch the eyes of the batter, the speed of the bat, the sound of horsehide on wood if football is a symphony of movement ａｎｄ　theatre, baseball is chamber music, a spacious interlocking of notes, chores ａｎｄ　responses.We can safely conclude that the authｏｒ____.【单选题】

A.likes football

B.hates football

C.hates baseball

D.likes baseball

正确答案:D

答案解析:在本文中，作者主要探讨了垒球的特征及欣赏，作者着重指出的是： 只有根据垒球的特征来欣赏它，才能体会到它的魅力。在他看来，观察到垒球比赛中运动员的各种动作、垒球位之间的关系等是欣赏它的关键（第三段第二句）。只有从整体来把握它，才能看到每一个小的动作、每一个眼神乃至于“静止”的意义，也只有这样，才能全身心地投入比赛中，欣赏到它的魅力。可见，作者对垒球有很深的理解而且非常喜爱垒球。

3、Human Heart Can Make New CellsSolving a longstanding mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues to generate new cardiac cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows with age. The finding, published in the April 3 issue of Science, could open a new path fｏｒthe treatment of heart diseases such as heart failure ａｎｄ　heart attack, experts say. "We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes, are renewed," said lead researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen, a professｏｒof stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. "It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we are born with ｏｒif they could be renewed," he said. The process of renewing these cells changes over time, Frisen added. In a 20-year-old, about 1 percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year, but the turnover rate decreases with age to only 0. 45 percent by age 75, "If we can understａｎｄ　how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated, it may be potentially possible to develop pharmaceuticals that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after fｏｒexample, a heart attack, "Frisen said. That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts. A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure," noted co-authｏｒDr. Ratan Bhardwaj. Ratan Bhardwaj, also from the Karolinska Institute. "Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying," he said. With this finding, scientists are "opening the doｏｒto potential therapies to having ourselves heal ourselves," Bhardwaj said. "Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that would make heart cells make new ａｎｄ　more cells to overcome the problem they are facing. " But barriers remain. According to Bhardwaj, scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off, especially in older patients with heart failure. In addition, the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts-whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown.The finding could prove to be useful to ____.【单选题】

A.the analysis of cardiac cells

B.the prevention of chronic diseases

C.the treatment of heart disease

D.the study of longstanding mysteries

正确答案:C

答案解析:根据是第二段中：The finding，…，could open a new path fｏｒthe treatment of heart diseases这一研究成果将为心脏病的医治开拓新的途径。

4、Driving after drinkingThe legal ｌｉｍｉｔfｏｒdriving after drinking alcohol is 80 milligrams of alcohol in 100 millilitres of blood, when tested. But there is no sure way of telling how much you can drink before you reach this limit. It varies with each person depending on your weight, your sex, what you\'ve just eaten ａｎｄ　what sort of drinks you\'ve had. Some people might reach their ｌｉｍｉｔafter only about three standard drinks.In fact, your driving ability can be affected by just one ｏｒtwo drinks. Even if you\'re below the legal limit, you could still be taken to court if a police officer thinks your driving has been affected by alcohol.It takes about an hour fｏｒthe body to get rid of the alcohol in one standard drink. So, if you have a heavy drinking in the evening you might find that your driving ability is still affected the next morning, ｏｒyou could even find that you\'re still over the legal limit. In addition, if you\'ve had a few drinks at lunchtime, another one ｏｒtwo drinks in the early evening may well put you over the legal limit.In a test with professional drivers, the more alcoholic drinks they had had, the more certain they were that they could drive a test course through a ｓｅｔof movable posts…ａｎｄ　the less able they were to do it! So the only way to be sure you\'re safe is not to drink at all.Alcohol is a majｏｒcause of road traffic accidents. One in three of the drivers killed in road accidents have levels of alcohol which are over the legal limit, ａｎｄ　road accidents after drinking are the biggest cause of death among young men. More than half of the people stopped by the police to take a breath test have a blood alcohol concentration of more than twice the legal limit.It is important to remember that driving after you\'ve been drinking doesn\'t just affect you. If you\'re involved in an accident it affects a lot of other people as well, not least the person you might kill ｏｒinjure.A test showed that drunken professional drivers could____.【单选题】

A.have greater confidence than sober ones

B.move away a ｓｅｔof posts on the test ground

C.fail in the test despite their self-affirmation

D.serve as alarming examples to potential drivers

正确答案:C

答案解析:细节考查题。根据题干定位原文，答案参见第四段：在一次对专职驾驶员的测试中，他们酒喝得越多，就越肯定自己能在测试课程中过关，但通过的可能性越小。故选项C“尽管自信也不能通过测试”正确。

5、Driving after drinkingThe legal ｌｉｍｉｔfｏｒdriving after drinking alcohol is 80 milligrams of alcohol in 100 millilitres of blood, when tested. But there is no sure way of telling how much you can drink before you reach this limit. It varies with each person depending on your weight, your sex, what you\'ve just eaten ａｎｄ　what sort of drinks you\'ve had. Some people might reach their ｌｉｍｉｔafter only about three standard drinks.In fact, your driving ability can be affected by just one ｏｒtwo drinks. Even if you\'re below the legal limit, you could still be taken to court if a police officer thinks your driving has been affected by alcohol.It takes about an hour fｏｒthe body to get rid of the alcohol in one standard drink. So, if you have a heavy drinking in the evening you might find that your driving ability is still affected the next morning, ｏｒyou could even find that you\'re still over the legal limit. In addition, if you\'ve had a few drinks at lunchtime, another one ｏｒtwo drinks in the early evening may well put you over the legal limit.In a test with professional drivers, the more alcoholic drinks they had had, the more certain they were that they could drive a test course through a ｓｅｔof movable posts…ａｎｄ　the less able they were to do it! So the only way to be sure you\'re safe is not to drink at all.Alcohol is a majｏｒcause of road traffic accidents. One in three of the drivers killed in road accidents have levels of alcohol which are over the legal limit, ａｎｄ　road accidents after drinking are the biggest cause of death among young men. More than half of the people stopped by the police to take a breath test have a blood alcohol concentration of more than twice the legal limit.It is important to remember that driving after you\'ve been drinking doesn\'t just affect you. If you\'re involved in an accident it affects a lot of other people as well, not least the person you might kill ｏｒinjure.You might be accused of drunk driving when____.【单选题】

A.you drive upon having some drinks

B.you become a helpless alcohol addict

C.your driving is found abnormal fｏｒdrinking

D.your alcohol percentage fails the test

正确答案:C

答案解析:细节考查题。题干“你可能会被指控醉酒驾驶”是对第二段第二句you could still be taken to court的同义改写，因此应参考该句的后半部分“if a police officer thinks your driving has been affected by alcohol”（如果警官认为酒精已对你的驾驶产生影响），故正确答案为C。