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2024年职称英语考试《卫生类》考试共65题,分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理精选模拟习题10道,附答案解析,供您考前自测提升!
1、Nurse ! I Want My MummyWhen a child is ill in hospital, a parent\'s first reaction is to be with them.Most hospitals now allow parents to sleep overnight with their child, providing a bed orso far on the ward.But until the 1970s this practice was not only frowned upon, it was actively discouraged. Staff worried that the children were upsetwhen their parents left, and so there was a blanket ban.A concerned nurse, Pamela Hawthorn, disagreed and her study "Nurse! I want my mummy" published in 1974 , changed the face of paediatric nursing.Martin Johnson, a professorof nursing at the University of Salford, said that the work of ____ like Pamela had changed the face of patient care."Pamela\'s study was done against the background of a lively debate in paediatrics and psychology as to the degree women should spend with children in the outside world and the degree to which they should be allowed to visit children in hospital. ""The idea was that if mum came to visit a small child in hospital the child would be upsetand inconsolable forhours. ""Yet the nurse noticed that if mum did not come at all the child stayed in a relatively stable state but they might be depressed. ""Of course we know now that they had almost given up hope that mum was eve coming back. ""To avoid a little bit of pain they said that no one should visit. ""But children were alone and depressed so Hawthorn said parents should be allowed to visit. ""Dr Peter Carter, chief executive and general secretary of the Royal College of Nursing, said her work had been seminal. ""Her research put an end to the days when parents handed their children over to strangers at the doorof the hospital ward. ""As a result of her work, parents and careers are now recognized as partners and are afforded the opportunity to stay with their children whilst they are in hospital, which has dramatically improved both parents\' and children\'s experience of care. "【单选题】
A.parents
B.nurses
C.doctors
D.teachers
正确答案:B
答案解析:前面提到Pamela是一位护士(nurse)。
2、Parkinson\'s Disease1. Parkinson\'s disease affects the way you move. It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally, these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine(多巴胺). Dopamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement. It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do. When you have Parkinson\'s, these nerve cells break down. Then you no longer have enough dopamine, and you have trouble moving the way you want to.2. No one knows forsure what makes these nerve cells break down. But scientists are doing a lot of research to look forthe answer. They are studying many possible causes, including aging and poisons in the environment. Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson\'s disease in some people. But so far, there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited.3. Tremor(颤抖) may be the first symptom you notice. It is one of the most common signs of the disease, although not everyone has it. Tremoroften starts in just one arm orleg oronly on one side of the body. It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm orleg. It may get better when you move the limb oryou are asleep. In time, Parkinson\'s affects muscles all through your body, so it can lead to problems like trouble swallowing orconstipation(便秘) . In the later stages of the disease, a person with Parkinson\'s may have a fixed orblank expression, trouble speaking, and other problems. Some people also have a decrease in mental skills.4. At this time, there is no cure forParkinson\'s disease. But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with. You may not even need treatment if your symptoms are not obvious. Your doctormay wait to prescribe medicines until your symptoms start to get in the way of your daily life. Your doctorwill adjust your medicines as your symptoms get worse. You may need to take several medicines to get the best results.A lot of research is being done to find out ______.【单选题】
A.if there isn’t enough dopamine in your body
B.what affects muscles all through your body
C.which cannot be cured yet
D.if you have a fixed orblank expression
E.which may be the first symptom you notice
F.what causes Parkinson\'s disease
正确答案:F
答案解析:本题难度不大,带着题干信息词回文章定位,答案依据是文章第二段的第二句和第三句,谈到科学家们正在为找到答案而进行大量的研究,研究各种可能病因,回来看选项,F项和原文句意相符,是答案。
3、The IcemanOn a September day in 1991, two Germans were climbing the mountains between Austria and Italy. High up on a mountain pass, they found the body of a man lying on the ice. At that height (10,499 feet, or3 ,200 meters) , the ice is usually permanent, but 1991 had been an especially warm year. The mountain ice had melted more than usual and so the body had come to the surface.It was lying face downward. The skeleton (骨架) was in perfect condition, except fora wound in the head, There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes. The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth hoots. Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark (树皮) and a holder forarrows.Who was this man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questions. Some people thought that it was from this century, perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I, since several soldiers had already been found in the area. A Swiss woman believed it might be her father, who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found. The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older, maybe even a thousand years old.With modern dating techniques, the scientists soon learned that the Iceman was about 5,300 years old. Born in about 3300 B. C. , he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe. At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains. More recent evidence, however, tells a different story, A new kind of X - ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder. It left only a tiny hole in his skin, but it caused internal damage and bleeding. He almost certainly died from this wound, and not from the wound on the back of his head. This means that he was probably in some kind of a battle. It may have been part of a larger war, orhe may have been fighting bandits. He may even have been a bandit himself.By studying his clothes and tools, scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in. We may never know the full story of how he died, but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times.All the following are assumptions once made about the Iceman EXCEPT ______.【单选题】
A.he was a soldier in World War I
B.he was a Swiss woman\'s long - lost father
C.he was born about a thousand years ago
D.he came from Italy
正确答案:D
答案解析:本题有一定难度,首先要读懂题干,好多考生因为没有读懂而做错。第三段谈到了对冰人的各种猜测:有人认为他是一战的士兵;一位瑞士女人坚信冰人是她二十年前死在山里的父亲,科学家们认为他大概有一千年的历史了,惟独没有提到冰人是意大利人的猜测,所以答案是D。
4、The Ideal HusbandScience now might be able to explain women\'s fascination with Brad Pitt\'s face and George Clooney\'s eyes. Women seem to judge potential mate by how masculine their features are, new research shows. Men with square jaws and well-defined brow ridges are seen as good short-term partners, while those with more feminine traits such as a rounder face and fuller lips are perceived as better long-term mates.In the study by Daniel Kruger at the US\'s University of Michigan, 854 subjects viewed a series of male head shots that had been digitally changed to exaggerate orminimize masculine traits. They then . answered questions about how they expected the men in the photos to behave.Most participants said that those with more masculine features were likely to be risky, competitive, and more apt to fight, challenge bosses, cheat on spouses and put less effort into parenting. Those with more feminine faces were seen as good parents and husbands, hard workers and emotionally supportive mates.But, despite all the negative characteristics, when asked who they would choose fora short-term relationship, women selected the more masculine looking men. Brad and George, both chiseled jaws and well-defined brows, then would be good fora brief romance, not forsomething longer.The study was published in the December issue of the US journal Personal Relationships.Kruger said that from an evolutionary perspective, this makes sense. The key is testosterone, the hormone responsible forthe development of masculine facial features and other sexual characteristics. It has been found to affect the body\'s ability to fight disease: men with high levels of the hormone are typically ____ and healthy- traits women want to pass on to their children.However, increased testosterone has also been linked to cheating and violence in relationships. So, these men might produce high quality offspring, but they don\'t always make great parents orfaithful mates, Kruger says.The scientific community have shown skepticism toward physiognomy, which links facial characteristics to certain behavioral traits. But Kruger argues that the research is a valuable tool forunderstanding mating strategies. And, of course, forexplaining why Tony Leung and Takeshi Kanesshiro have millions of female fans. It might have to do with their genes. orsomething to do with ours.【单选题】
A.normal
B.ordinary
C.weak
D.strong
正确答案:D
答案解析:normal:正常的;ordinary:普通的;weak:弱;strong:强。and是个并立词。主意并立词要求所衔接的词、词组或句子在语义上能匹配。可以看出strong and healthy是匹配的,但是weak and healthy就不匹配。
5、Cancer1. Cancer is agroupof many related diseases that begin in cells, the body\'s basic building blocks. The body is made up of many types of cells. Normally, cells grow and divide to produce more cells as they are needed to keep the body healthy. Sometimes, this orderly process goes wrong. New cells form when the body does not need them, and old cells do not die when they should. The extra cells form a mass of tissue called a growth ortumor肿瘤). Benign(良性的) tumors are not cancer. They can often be removed and, in most cases, they do not come back. Malignant (恶性的) tumors are cancer. Cells in malignant tumors are abnormal and divide without control ororder.2. Scientists have learned that cancer is caused by changes in genes that normally control the growth and death of cells. Certain lifestyle and environmental factors can change some normal genes into genes that allow the growth of cancer. Many gene changes that lead to cancer are the result of tobacco use, diet, exposure to ultraviolet(紫外线的) radiation from the sun, orexposure to carcinogens (致症物) in the workplace orin the environment. Some gene alterations are inherited.3. Cancer treatment can include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy(化疗), hormone therapy, and biological therapy. The doctormay use one method ora combination of methods, depending on the type and location of the cancer, whether the disease has spread, the patient\'s age and general health and other factors. Because treatment forcancer can also damage healthy cells and tissues, it often causes side effects. Patients and doctors generally discuss the treatment options, weighting the likely benefits of killing cancer cells and the risks of possible side effects.4. Having cancer does not always mean having pain. Whether a patient has pain may depend on the type of cancer, the extent of the disease and the patient\'s tolerance forpain. Most pain occurs when the cancer grows and presses against bones, organs, ornerves. Pain may also be a side effect of treatment. However, pain can generally be relieved orreduced with prescription medicines orover - the - counter drugs recommended by the doctor.Gene alterations may be caused by ______.【单选题】
A.side effects
B.prescription medicines
C.control ororder
D.tolerance forpain
E.various factors
F.different genes
正确答案:E
答案解析:本题难度不大,认真阅读文章第二段可以发现,本段主要谈到了引发癌症的各’类原因,如生活习惯,工作环境和环境因素等,回来看选项,E项符合原文句意,是答案。
6、SemcoAt 21, Ricardo Semler became boss of his father-s business in Brazil, Semco, which sold parts forships. Semler Juniorworked like a madman, from 7:30 am. , until midnight every day. One afternoon, while touring a factory in New York, he collapsed. The doctorwho treated him said, "There\'s nothing wrong with you. But if you continue like this, you\'ll find a new home in our hospital." Semler got the message. He changed the way he worked. In fact, he changed the way his employees worked too.He let his workers take more responsibility so that they would be the ones worrying when things went wrong. He allowed them to settheir own salaries, and he cut all the jobs he thought were unnecessary, like receptionists and secretaries. ____ "Everyone at Semco, even top managers, meets guests in reception, does the photocopying, sends faxes, types letters and dials the phone."He completely reorganized the office, instead of walls, they have plants at Semco, so bosses can\'t shut themselves away from everyone else. and the workers are free to decorate their workspace as they want. As foruniforms, some people wear suits and others wear T - shirts.Semler says, "We have a sales manager named Rubin Agater who sits there reading the newspaper hour after hour. He doesn\'t even pretend to be busy. But when a Semco pump an the other side of the world fails and millions of gallons of oil are about to spill into the sea, Rubin springs into action.He knows everything there is to know about our pumps and how to fix them. That\'s when he earns his salary. No one cares if he doesn\'t look busy the rest of the time."Semco has flexible working hours, the employees decide when they need to arrive at work, The employees also evaluate their bosses twice a year. Also, Semco lets its workers use the company\'s machines fortheir own projects, and makes them take holidays forat least thirty days a year.It sounds perfect, but does it work? The answer is in the numbers. In the last six years, Semco\'s revenues have gone from $ 35 million to $ 212 million. The company has grown from eight hundred employees to 3,000, Why?Semler says it\'s because of "peer pressure". Peer pressure makes everyone work hard foreveryone else. doing his job well, the other workers will not allow the situation to continue. In other words, Ricardo Semler treats his workers like adults and expects them to act like adults, and they do. 【单选题】
A.Also, Semco lets its workers use the company\'s machines fortheir own projects, and makes them take holidays forat least thirty days a year.
B.Most managers spend their time making it difficult forworkers to work.
C.This saved money and brought more equality to the company.
D.and the workers are free to decorate their workspace as they want.
E.He knows everything there is to know about our pumps and how to fix them.
F.If someone isn\'t doing his job well, the other workers will not allow the situation to continue.
正确答案:C
答案解析:本题难度很大,需要认真阅读文章,可用排除法和代入法。本题的前一句谈到新老板把所有他认为不必要的工作岗位,如前台接待和秘书都砍掉了,后一句谈到每一个人都兼任接待和秘书工作,可以推断本题继续围绕着裁员谈论,比如裁员后的结果,效果。回来看选项,把C代入到文中,符合上下文逻辑,是答案。
7、Hurricanes1 Did you know that before 1950, hurricanes had no names? They were simply given numbers. The first names ware simply Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, etc. But in 1953, female names were given because of the unpredictability factorof the storms. In 1979, realizing the sexist nature of such named, the lists were expanded to include both men and women.2 Hurricanes and typhoons are the same things. If they form in the Atlantic, we call these strong storms hurricanes, from the West Indian word hurricane, meaning "big wind. " and if they are pacific storms, they are called typhoons from the Chinese taifun, meaning "great wind. " To be classified as a hurricane, the storm must have maximum winds of at least 75 mph. These storms are big, many hundreds of miles in diameter.3 Hurricanes get their power from water vaporas it gives out its stored-up energy. All water vaporgives out heat as it condenses from a gaseous state to a liquid state over fixed points on the equator. To make a hurricane, you must have extremely wet, warm air, the kind of air that can only be found in tropical regions.4 Scientists have determined that the heat given out in the process of water condensation can be as high as 95 billion kilowatts per hours. In just one day alone, the storm can produce more energy than many industrialized nations need in an entire year! The problem is that we don\'t know how to make such great energy work forus.5 Predicting the path of a hurricane is one of the most difficult tasks forforecasters, it moves at a typical speed of 15 mph. But not always. Some storms may race along at twice this speed, then suddenly stop and remain in the same location in the ocean forseveral days. It can be maddening if you live in a coastal area that may be hit.6 The biggest advance in early detection is continuous watch from weather satellites. With these, we can see the storms form and track them fully, from birth to death. While they can still kill people and destroy property, hurricanes will never surprise any nation again.Scientists cannot predict the course of a hurricane accurately due to its ____.【单选题】
A.timely discovery of hurricane
B.convenience
C.sex equality
D.its connection with humans
E.huge power
F.uncertainty
正确答案:F
答案解析:第五段叙述了飓风风速及路径的不确定性。
8、PopulationThe advantages and disadvantages of large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists. ____. To feed a large population, inferiorland must be cultivated and the good land worked intensively. produces less and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller population . Other economists have argued that a large population gives more scope forspecialization and the development of facilities such as ports, roads and railways, which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify themOne of the difficulties in carrying out a worldwide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth vary from country to country depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials. In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources, concern of government to plane a limiton the birth rate, whatever the consequences may be. In a highly industrialized society the problem may be more complex. A decreasing birth rate may lead to unemployment it results in a declining market formanufactured goods. When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, rather than one which is stable orin decline.【单选题】
A.which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify them
B.It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited
C.it will be the first concern of government to plane a limiton the birth rate, whatever the consequences may be
D.Thus, each person produces less and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller population
E.A small population may mean lower productivity, but a higher average income
F.because it results in a declining market formanufactured goods
正确答案:B
答案解析:从后面一句可知,该句很可能讲述的是土地的问题。答案B说,肥沃的土地是有限的,正好与后一句所说的“开垦欠肥沃的土地并精耕细作肥沃土地”相吻合,形成语义上的连贯。
9、Gun Rights in the US Immediately after the shooting at Virginia Tech University, Americans gathered to mourn the dead. The president and the state governorboth hurried there to share the grief. But the majority of Americans still cling to their right to own weapons. Strictly speaking, the US is not the only country where gun violence has destroyed lives, families and communities in everyday circumstance. But the US is one of the few countries that seems unwilling and politically incapable of doing anything serious to stop it. In countries like Britain and Canada. The government adopted stricter gun control soon after serious gun violence incidents. US leaders, however, are held hostage by the gun lobby and the electoral system. The powerful National Rifle Association, the majorsupporter of gun rights in the US, is too strong forany party to take on. Most Republicans oppose gun controls anyway. Over the years, the Democrats have found that they can either campaign forgun control orwin power, not both; they prefer power. According to the US Bureau of Justice Statistics, firearm incidents accounted fornine percent of the 4.7 million violent crimes in 2005. So, although opinion polls show most Americans want stricter gun laws, many don\'t want to give up their arms they keep to protect themselves. Dave Hancock, a Virginia gun lover, is one example. In an interview he said. "If one professorin Virginia incident had been carrying a legal weapon they might have been able to stop all this. " In his opinion, the massacre is an argument formore people to carry, weapons, not fewer. But at the root of Americans\' clinging to the right to bear arms is not just a fear of crime, but a mistrust of government , commented UK\'s Guardian newspaper. One Virginia resident, who had a permit to carry; a concealed firearm, told the Guardian thin itwas every American\'s responsibility to have a gun. "Each person," he said, "should not rely solely ____ the government forprotection. " 【单选题】
A.on
B.in
C.at
D.from
正确答案:A
答案解析:本题考点简单,rely只能和on构成搭配关系,意思是:依赖于、依靠于。
10、He\'s spent years cultivating a knowledge of art.【单选题】
A.sharing
B.using
C.denying
D.developing
正确答案:D
答案解析:他花了多年时间学习艺术知识。本题有一定难度,重点考查的是选项的引申意义。cultivating的引申意思指“培养,陶冶”,和developing的引申意思“发展,开发”是近义词,C项指“否认”。其他三项和答案意义差异较大,干扰性不强。
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