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2024年职称英语考试《理工类》考试共65题,分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理精选模拟习题10道,附答案解析,供您考前自测提升!
1、Meet Your MemoryMemory is something that cannot be seen, touched orweighed. It is thought to be abstract. It is a setof skills rather than an object. Neither is there a single standard forjudging a good orpoormemory. There are a number of different ways in which a person may have a "good" memory.Memory is generally viewed as consisting of three stages: (1) acquisition refers to learning the material; (2) storage refers to keeping the material in the blain until it is needed; and (3) retrieval (提取) refers to getting the material back out when it is needed.Memory consists of at least two different processes: short-term memory and long-term memory. Short-term memory has a limited capacity and a rapid forgetting rate. Its capacity can be increased by chunking (组成大块), orgrouping separate bits of information into larger chunks. Long-term memory has an almost unlimited capacity.One measure of memory is recall, which requires you to produce information by searching the memory forit. In aided recall, you are given cues (提示) to help you produce the information. In free-recall learning, you recall the material in any order; in serial learning, you recall it in the orcerit was presented; and in paired-associate learning, you learn pairs of words so that when the first word is given, you can recall the second word. A second measure of memory is recognition in which you do not have to produce the information from memory, but must be able to identify it when it is presented to you. In a third measure of memory, relearning, the difference between how long it took to learn the material the first time and how long it takes to learn it again indicates how much you remember. Relearning is generally a more sensitive measure of memory than is recognition because relearning shows retention (保持) while recognition does not. Recognition is generally a more sensitive measure than recall. Paragraph 1 ______.【单选题】
A.Why do we forget things?
B.How do we measure memory?
C.What are the stages memory consists of?
D.What is the difference between short-term memory and long-term memory?
E.What is memory?
F.Who may have a poormemory?
正确答案:E
答案解析:第一段主题句为第一句Memory is something that cannot be seen, touched orweighed. 记忆力看不见、摸不着、也不可衡量。该段分别从这三个方面对记忆力进行了简单定义。E选项What is memory?(什么是记忆力?)与其意思一致,故E为正确答案。
2、She will be very pleased to meet you. 【单选题】
A.angry
B.happy
C.sad
D.unwilling
正确答案:B
答案解析:pleased和happy同义,高兴的;angry:生气的;sad:痛苦的;unwilling:不愿意的。
3、Seeing Red Means Danger AheadThe colorred often means danger and by paying attention, accidents can be prevented. In the future, the colorred also may help prevent danger at construction sites. Thanks to new work by engineers, bridge supports orother kinds of materials, could one day contain a color- changing material. It will turn red before a structure collapses orfalls apart.The secret behind the color- changing material is a particular type of molecule (分子). A molecule is agroupof atoms (原子) held together by chemical bonds. Molecules come in all shapes and sizes and make up everything you can see, touch orfeel. How a molecule behaves depends on what kinds of atoms it contains and how they\'re held together.When a polymer (聚合物) containing a color- changing molecule called a mechanophore (机械响应性聚合物) is about to break, it produces a color. When a polymer with mechanophore molecules becomes "injured" orweak, one of the mechanophore bonds breaks and the material turns red. "It\'s a really simple detection method," says Nancy Sottos, one of the scientists who worked on the project. Sottos and her team tested the color- changing polymers in their lab. The test _____ proved encouraging.There is a way to get rid of the red colorlight. When a bright light is shone on the mechanophore, the broken bond is fixed and the red colordisappears. Thus "self - healing" may be a problem forengineers. They need to use the color- changer in big construction projects that will be outside, under sunlight. and sunlight will make the mechanophore\'s warning system useless.Sottos and her fellow scientists still have a lot of work to do before the color- changing molecules can be used outside the lab.【单选题】
A.results
B.rules
C.tools
D.methods
正确答案:A
答案解析:本题难度不大,考查的是词义辨析。很明显,文章此处的意思是“结果”,答案是A。
4、What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe?What is the coldest air temperature ever recorded on the Earth? Where was this low temperature recorded? The coldest recorded temperature on Earth was - 91℃, which occurred in Antarctica (南极洲) in 1983.We encounter an interesting situation when we discuss temperatures in space.Temperatures in Earth orbit actually range from about +120℃ to - 120℃. The temperature depends upon whether you are in direct sunlight orshade. Obviously, -120℃ is colder than our body can safely endure. Thank NASA science forwell, de signed space suits that protect astronauts from these temperature extremes.The space temperatures just discussed affect only our areal of the solar _____. Obviously, it is hotter closer to the Sun and colder as we travel away from the Sun. Astronomers estimate temperatures at Pluto are about - 210℃. How cold is the lowest estimated temperature in the entire universe? Again, it depends upon your location. We are taught it is supposedly impossible to have a temperature below absolute zero, which is - 273℃, at which atoms do not move. Two scientists, whose names are Cornell and Wieman, have successfully cooled down a gas to a temperature barely above absolute zero. They won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 fortheir work, not a discovery, in this case.Why is the two scientists\' work so important to science?In the 1920s, Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting theory about special light particles we now call photons (光子). Bose had trouble convincing other scientists to believe his theory, so he contacted Albert Einstein. Einstein\'s calculations helped him theorize that atoms would behave as Bose thought—but only at very cold temperatures.Scientists have also discovered that ultra - cold(超冷) atoms can help them make the world\'s atomic clocks even more accurate. These clocks are so accurate today they would only lose one second every six million years! Such accuracy will help us travel in space because distance is velocity times time 4 ( d = v×t). With the long distances involved in space travel, we need to know time as accurately as possible to get accurate distance.【单选题】
A.system
B.energy
C.year
D.rays
正确答案:A
答案解析:本题难度不大,考查词义辨析,但干扰项干扰不大。可以先看选项得到信息提示。根据上下文逻辑,文章此处是说“太阳系”,答案是A。
5、I was shocked when I saw the size of the telephone bill.【单选题】
A.excited
B.angry
C.lost
D.surprised
正确答案:D
答案解析:当看到电话账单的长度时我很震惊。本题难度不大,shocked指“震惊的”,和surprised“吃惊的”是近义词,B项“生气的”有一定的干扰性,其他干扰不大,最佳答案是D。
6、Walking to Exercise the BrainDo you think sitting and studying all the time will improve students grades? Think again. Getting some exercise may help, too.New research with older people suggests that taking regular walks helps them pay attention better than if they didn\'t exercise.Previous research had shown that mice learn, remember and pay attention better after a few weeks of working out on a running wheel. Mice that exercise have greater blood flow to the brain than those who don\'t. Their brain cells also make more connections.Neuroscientists (神经科学家) from the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign wanted to find out if the same thing is true forpeople. First, they measured the physical fitness of 41 adults, ages 58 to 77, after each person walked I mile. Then, participants looked at arrows on a computer screen and had to use computer keys to show which way one particular arrow was pointing.Adults who were physically fit were faster at the arrow task, and their answers were just as accurate as their less - fit peers, the researchers found. The fitter participants also had more blood flow to a part of their brain responsible forpaying attention and making decisions.In a second study, 15 elderly people who completed a 6 - month aerobic - training (有氧运动) course were faster at attention tasks compared with 14 seniors who just did stretching and toning (韵律操) exercises forthe same amount of time.So, even going fora walk every 2 or3 days forjust 10 to 45 minutes can help. That should be good news forthe elderly.The effects of exercising on the brains of younger people haven\'t been studied yet. Still, it can\'t hurt to take occasional breaks and go fora walk orrun around with friends. Whatever you do, though, don\'t try to read and walk at the same time. You could end up hurting yourself!Walking regularly helps elderly people ______.【单选题】
A.lose weight
B.become happier
C.concentrate better
D.look younger
正确答案:C
答案解析:本题难度不大,找到答案依据不难。答案依据在文章第二段。第二段谈到新的研究表明,相对于不锻炼,经常散步有助于帮助老年人更好集中精力,回来看选项,很明显,C是近义解释,是答案。
7、The SmogForover a month, Indonesia was in crisis. Forest fires raged out of control as the country suffered its worst drought for50 years. Smoke from the fires mixed with sunlight and hot dry air to form a cloud of smog. This pollution quickly spread and within days it was hanging over neighboring countries including Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. When the smoke combined with pollution from factories and cars, it soon became poisonous. Dangerous amounts of CO became trapped under the smog and pollution levels rose. People wheezed (喘息) and coughed as they left the house and their eyes watered immediately. The smog made it impossible to see across streets and whole cities disappeared as grey soot(烟灰) covered everything. In some areas, water was hosed (用胶管浇) from high-rise city buildings to try and break up the smog. Finally, heavy rains, which came in November. Put out the fires and clear the air. But the environmental costs and health problems will remain. Many people from South-Eastern Asian cities already suffer from breathing huge amounts of car exhaust fumes and factory pollution Breathing problems could well increase and many non-sufferers may have difficulties forthe first time. Wildlife has suffered too. In lowland forests, elephants, deer, and tigers have been driven out of their homes by smog. But smog is not just an Asian problem. In fact. was world was first used in London in 1905 to describe the mixture of smoke and thick fog. Fog often hung over the capital. Sometimes the smog was so thick and poisonous that people were killed by breathing problems orin accidents. About 4, 000 Londoners died within five days as a result of thick smog in 1952. The air-pollution index went up to 300 within a few days. 【单选题】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
正确答案:C
答案解析:题句意思是“空气污染指数几天内达到300”。文章根本没有提到此事,故选C。
8、What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe?What is the coldest air temperature ever recorded on the Earth? Where was this low temperature recorded? The coldest recorded temperature on Earth was - 91℃, which occurred in Antarctica (南极洲) in 1983.We encounter an interesting situation when we discuss temperatures in space.Temperatures in Earth orbit actually range from about +120℃ to - 120℃. The temperature depends upon _____ you are in direct sunlight orshade. Obviously, -120℃ is colder than our body can safely endure. Thank NASA science forwell, de signed space suits that protect astronauts from these temperature extremes.The space temperatures just discussed affect only our areal of the solar system. Obviously, it is hotter closer to the Sun and colder as we travel away from the Sun. Astronomers estimate temperatures at Pluto are about - 210℃. How cold is the lowest estimated temperature in the entire universe? Again, it depends upon your location. We are taught it is supposedly impossible to have a temperature below absolute zero, which is - 273℃, at which atoms do not move. Two scientists, whose names are Cornell and Wieman, have successfully cooled down a gas to a temperature barely above absolute zero. They won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 fortheir work, not a discovery, in this case.Why is the two scientists\' work so important to science?In the 1920s, Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting theory about special light particles we now call photons (光子). Bose had trouble convincing other scientists to believe his theory, so he contacted Albert Einstein. Einstein\'s calculations helped him theorize that atoms would behave as Bose thought—but only at very cold temperatures.Scientists have also discovered that ultra - cold(超冷) atoms can help them make the world\'s atomic clocks even more accurate. These clocks are so accurate today they would only lose one second every six million years! Such accuracy will help us travel in space because distance is velocity times time 4 ( d = v×t). With the long distances involved in space travel, we need to know time as accurately as possible to get accurate distance.【单选题】
A.whether
B.where
C.what
D.when
正确答案:A
答案解析:本题难度不大,考查whether or的用法,答案干扰项干扰不大。可以先看选项得到信息提示。很明显,此处是whether or结构,是说“温度(的多少)取决于你是否在阳光下或阴影里”,答案是A。
9、There is no risk to public health. 【单选题】
A.point
B.danger
C.chance
D.hope
正确答案:B
答案解析:risk和danger同义,危险的;point:某一想法;chance:机会;hope:希望。
10、How to Interview PeopleInterviewing (采访) is one of those skills that you can only get better at. You will never again feel so ill at ease when you try it forthe first time, and probably you\'ll never feel entirely comfortable trying to get from another person answers that he orshe may be too shy to reveal. But at least half of the skill is mechanical. The rest is instinct, which can all be learned with experience.The basic tools foran interview are paper and two orthree well-sharpened pencils. But keep your notebook orpaper out of sight until you need it. There\'s nothing less likely to relax a person than the arrival of someone with a note-taking pad. Both of you need time to get to know each other. Take a while just to chat, judging what sort of person you\'re dealing with, getting him orher to trust you.Never go into an interview without doing whatever homework you can. If you are interviewing a town official, know his voting record. If it\'s an actor, know what plays he has been in. You will not be liked if you inquire about facts that you could have learned in advance.Many beginning interviewers are afraid that they are forcing the other person to answer questions and have no right to inquire about his personal secrets. This fear is almost 103 percent unnecessary. Unless the person really hates being interviewed, he is delighted that somebody wants to interview him. Most men and women lead lives that are uninteresting, and they grasp any chance to talk to an outsider who seems eager to listen.This doesn\'t necessarily mean that it will go well. In general you will be talking to people who have never been interviewed before, and they will get used to the process awkwardly, perhaps not giving you anything that you can use. ______ You will both even begin to enjoy it-proof that you aren\'t forcing your victim to do something he doesn\'t really want to.【单选题】
A.Come back another day; it will go better.
B.But at least half of the skill is mechanical.
C.As one philosopher interviewed in the film notes, they lack irony.
D.You will not be liked if you inquire about facts that you could have learned in advance.
E.This fear is almost 104 percent unnecessary.
F.Both of you need time to get to know each other.
正确答案:A
答案解析:前面not giving you anything,后句You will both even begin to enjoy it,所以可以判断出在被采访者由于以前不适应这种场合没能给你任何你想得到的信息时,不妨改天重新开始。所以选A。
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