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2024年职称英语考试《卫生类》考试共65题,分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理阅读理解分析5道练习题,附答案解析,供您备考练习。
1、Early childhood educationIn a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States, many Americans are turning to Japan, a country of high academic achievement and economic success, forpossible answers. However, the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find in most Japanese preschools, surprisingly little emphasis is put on academic instruction. In one investigation, 300 Japanese and 210 American preschool teachers, child development specialists, and parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education. Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents listed "to give children a good start academically" as one of their top three reasons fora society to have preschools. In contrast, over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices. To prepare children forsuccessful careers in first grade and beyond, Japanese schools do not teach reading, writing, and mathematics, but rather skills such as persistence, concentration, and the ability to function as a member of a group. The vast majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents.In the recent comparison of Japanese and American preschool education, 91 percent of Japanese respondents chose providing children with agroupexperience as one of their top three reasons fora society to have preschools. Sixty-two percent of the more individually oriented (强调个性发展的) Americans listedgroupexperience as one of their top three choices. An emphasis on the importance of thegroupseen in Japanese early childhood education continues into elementary school education.Like in America, there is diversity in Japanese early childhood education. Some Japanese kindergartens have specific aims, such as early musical training orpotential development. In large cities, some kindergartens are attached to universities that have elementary and secondary schools. Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a university-based program, it will increase the children\'s chances of eventually being admitted to top-rated schools and universities. Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out forthe heavy intellectualizing in some Japanese kindergartens.Free play has been introduced in some Japanese kindergartens in orcerto ____.【单选题】
A.broaden children\'s horizon
B.cultivate children\'s creativity
C.lighten children\'s study load
D.enrich children\'s knowledge
正确答案:C
答案解析:此题可以从全文的最后一句话得出答案。其他三个选项“扩大孩子的视野”、“培养孩子的创造力”和“丰富孩子的知识”文中无明确的说明。
2、The motorcarSome pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to rust. Other authorities, however, think the auto is here to stay. They hold that the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the foreseeable future.The motorcar will undoubtedly. change significantly over the next 30 years. It should become smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present types.Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion. One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system.When the auto enters the highway system, a retractable (可伸缩的) arm will drepfrom the auto and make contact with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically. Once attached to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. The computer will then monitorall of the car\'s movements.The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system. The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space forthe car all the way to the correct exit from the highway. The driver will then be free to relax and wait forthe buzzer (蜂鸣器) that will warn him of his coming exit. It is estimated that an automated highway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway.One significant improvement in the future car will probably be ____.【单选题】
A.its power source
B.its driving system
C.its monitoring system
D.its seating capacity
正确答案:C
答案解析:从本题的题干来看,未来汽车比较显著的一种变化应该是不同一般的,也应该是文章所着重要介绍的。文章大部分篇幅所介绍的是未来监控系统,所以本题答案应该是C。
3、Vicious and Dangerous Sports Should Be Banned by LawWhen you think of the tremendous technological progress we have made, it\'s amazing how little we have developed in other respects. We may speak contemptuously of the poorold Romans because they relished the orgies of slaughter that went on in their arenas. We may despise them because they mistook these goings on forentertainment. We may forgive them condescendingly because they lived 2,000 years ago and obviously knew no better. But are our feelings of superiority really justified? Are we any less blood-thirsty? Why do boxing matches, forinstance, attract such universal interest? Don\'t the spectators who at tend them hope they will see some violence? Human beings remains as blood-thirsty as ever they were. The only difference between ourselves and the Romans is that while they were honest enough to admit that they enjoyed watching hungry lions tearing people apart and eating them alive, we find all sorts of sophisticated arguments to defend sports which should have been banned long age; sports which are quite as barbarous as, say, public hangings orbearbaiting.It really is incredible that in this day and age we should still allow hunting orbullfighting, that we should be prepared to sit back and watch two men batter each other to pulp in a boxing ring, that we should be relatively unmoved by the sight of one ora num ber of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames. Let us not deceive ourselves. Any talk of "the sporting spirit" is sheer hypocrisy. People take part in violent sports because of the high rewards they bring. Spectators are willing to pay vast sums of money to see violence. A world heavyweight championship match, forinstance, is front page news. Millions of people are disappointed if a big fight is over in two rounds instead of fifteen. They feel disappointment because they have been deprived of the exquisite pleasure of witnessing prolonged torture and violence.Why should we ban violent sports if people enjoy them so much? You may well ask. The answer is simple: they are uncivilized. Forcenturies man has been trying to improve himself spiritually and emotionally-admittedly with little success. But at least we no longer tolerate the sight madmen cooped up in cages, orpublic floggings of any of the countless other barbaric practices which were common in the past. Prisons are no longer the grim forbidding places they used to be. Social welfare systems are in operation in many parts of the world. Big efforts are being made to distribute wealth fairly. These changes have come about not because human beings have suddenly and unaccountably improved, but be cause positive steps were taken to change the law. The law is the biggest instrument of social change that we have and it may exert great civilizing influence. If we banned danger ous and violent sports, we would be moving one step further to improving mankind. We would recognize that violence is degrading and unworthy of human beings.The main idea of this passage is____.【单选题】
A.vicious and dangerous sports should be banned by law
B.people are willing to pay vast sums money to see violence
C.to compare two different attitudes towards dangerous sports
D.people are blood-thirsty in sports
正确答案:A
答案解析:主旨题。从文章标题和全文内容可以看出,作者从古罗马人欣赏残忍的体育项目说起,点出现代人也是嗜血成性,喜欢暴力体育项目。这是不文明,是堕落,必须制止,而法律是我们进行社会改革最强大的工具。
4、 Happiness If your sense of well-being fluctuates with stock market, you might be comforted to know that money can\'t buy you happiness anyway. In one American study conducted in 1993, level of income was shown to have an inverse relation to happiness: Thegroupwhose income had declined was happier overall than thegroupwhose income had increased. A soon-to-be published review of the hundreds of studies on this subject supports the 1993 findings. In developed countries, the correlation between income and happiness is close to zero and sometimes negative. With a correlation between level of income and happiness somewhere between 0.12 and 0.18, the United States is near the bottom of the list; that factors other than income are overwhelmingly more important in explaining happiness. Also, as our material wealth increases, the gap between income and satisfaction with life seems to be widening. Predictably, money has its most positive effect on the poor, but once a person has achieved a minimal standard of living level of income has almost nothing to do with happiness. Close relationship, rather than money, is the key to happiness. Indeed, the number of one\'s personal friends is a much better indicatorof overall satisfaction with life than personal wealth. One stands a better chance of achieving a satisfying life by spending time with friends and family than by striving forhigher income. Incidentally, in the US, as people become richer, the probability of divorce increases. Our need forcompanionship is partly biological. All primates respond with pleasure to demonstrations of affection and with pain to loss of companionship. Isolated monkeys will sacrifice food just forthe glimpses of another monkey. By ignoring our biologically programmed need foreach other, we risk physical and mental distress. A recent cross-national study of mental depression in the US found that in advanced countries, there is a rising tide of majordepression. Teenage suicides have increased in recent decades in almost all advanced countries. Moreover, in the US since World War Ⅱ, there has been an actual decline in the proportion of people who report themselves to be "very unhappy. " You can easily test the claim that companionship exceeds wealth as a source of happiness. Ask yourself which has a greater influence on your satisfaction with life: your income orthe affection of your intimate companions and the well-being of your children? Conversely, which would make you more depressed: a reduction in salary ora divorce and isolation from your friends? Capitalism succeeds in creating material riches, but it is less successful in building companionable societies and protecting family integrity. But developing countries still have much work to do in pursuing material wealth, where a rise in productivity still greatly increases happiness. Forpoorer countries, the time is not yet ripe fora shift in priorities from wealth accumulation to companionship. Can we afford to believe that the pursuit of material gain will lead to self-fulfillment? We should continue to enjoy our wealth in good company, orelse we may find that it is not satisfying. Which of the following statements best describes the situation in the US, according to the 1993 study? 【单选题】
A.Most people think personal wealth can make them happy.
B.Most people do not think wealth has much to do with happiness.
C.Money is an important factorin making one happy.
D.Happiness can only be explained in terms of income.
正确答案:B
答案解析:选项中B的内容与文章主题贴近(大多数人不认为财富与快乐有很大的关系),因此推测B很可能是答案。在文章中找到答案相关句: (第2段)In one American study conducted in 1993, level of income was shown to have an inverse (A relation to happiness: thegroupwhose income had declined was happier overall than thegroupwhose income had increased. 根据这句话的内容可以否定A、C和D,因此与文章主题内容一致的B是答案。
5、15 Million Americans Suffer from Social Anxiety DisorderSocial anxiety disorcerprevents some 15 million Americans from leading normal social and romantic lives, a new survey finds.The disorcerleaves many isolated, ashamed and often misdiagnosed. Thirty-six percent of those with social anxiety disorcerhave symptoms for10 years ormore before seeking help, the Anxiety Disorders Association of America reports."Social anxiety disorceris when somebody has an intense, persistent and irrational fear of social orperformance situations," Jerilyn Ross, the association\'s president and CEO, said during a teleconference Wednesday."The condition causes people to avoid common, everyday situations and even other people forfear of being judged orcriticized orhumiliated orembarrassing themselves," Ross said.Social anxiety disorcercan interfere with daily routines and job performance, Ross noted. "It also makes it very difficult forpeople to develop friends and romantic partnerships," she said.People with this disorcerrecognize their fear is excessive and irrational, Ross noted. "But they feel powerless to do anything about it," she said.Social anxiety disorcercan start in the early teens, Dr. Mark H. Pollack, directorof the Center forAnxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders and a professorof psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, said during the teleconference."This is a disorcerthat starts affecting people early on," Pollack said. "The typical age of onsetis early adolescence, age 12 or13, and many individuals report a history of anxiety dating back to earlier childhood."The disorceralso has physical symptoms, including heart palpitations, feelings that their throat will close up, sweating, blushing, faintness, trembling and stammering, Ross said.Among people with the disorder, 75 percent said the condition affected their ability to do normal activities. In addition, 69 percent said they didn\'t want people to think they were crazy, and 58 percent said they were embarrassed by their condition, Ross said.However, when the condition is diagnosed and treated, many reported improvement in their lives. In fact, 59 percent who were receiving treatment said treatment had a positive effect on their ability to have a romantic relationship. In addition, 39 percent who had received treatment said knowing that treatment can be successful aided their decision to get help, Ross noted.What do people with social anxiety disorcerthink of their fear?【单选题】
A.They think it\'s beyond their control.
B.They think it\'s beneficial.
C.They think it\'s controllable.
D.They think it\'s justified.
正确答案:A
答案解析:短文的第六段说,患有social anxiety disorder的人意识到他们的恐惧是过分的和非理性的,然而却对此无能为力。
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