2021年职称英语考试《卫生类》考试共65题，分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理精选模拟习题10道，附答案解析，供您考前自测提升！

1、Smallpox virusIt\'s now a fair bet that we will never see the total extinction of the smallpox virus. The idea was to cap the glorious achievement of 1980, when smallpox was eradicated in the wild, by destroying the killer virus in the last two labs that are supposed to have it—one in the US and one in Russia. If smallpox had truly gone from the planet, what point was there in keeping these reserves?In reality, of course, it was naive to ____ that everyone would let go of such a potential weapon. Undoubtedly several nations still have a few vials. And the last “official” stocks of live virus bred mistrust of the US and Russia, for no obvious gain.Now American researchers have found an animal model of the human disease, opening the way for tests on new treatments and vaccines. So one again there\'s a good reason to keep the virus—just in case the disease puts in a reappearance.How do we deal with the mistrust of the US and Russia? Simple. Keep the virus under international auspices in a well-guarded UN laboratory that\'s open to all countries. The US will object, of course, just as it rejects a multilateral approach to just about everything. But it doesn\'t mean the idea is wrong. If the virus is useful, then let\'s make it the servant of all humanity—not just a part of it.【单选题】

A.know

B.imagine

C.realize

D.be?aware

正确答案:B

答案解析:此处应填人一个非事实性动词。imagine是非事实性动词。know，realize和be?aware都是事实性动词，所以不合适。属于非事实性动词还有believe，think等。故B为正确答案。

2、Youth Emancipation in SpainThe Spanish Government is so worried about the number of young adults still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest.Around 55 percent of people aged 18 ～ 34 in Spain still sleep in their parents\' home, says the latest report from the country\'s state - run Institute of Youth.To coax (劝诱) young people from their homes, the Institute started a "Youth Emancipation(解放)" programme this month. The programme offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs.Economists blame young people\'s family dependence on the precarious (不稳定的) labour market and increasing housing prices. Housing prices have risen 17 percent a year since 2000.Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem, say sociologists (社会学家). Family ties in south Europe (Italy, Portugal and Greece) are stronger than those in middle and north Europe, said Spanish sociologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report "The Late Emancipation of Spanish Youth: Key for Understanding"."In general, young people in Spain firmly believe in the family as the main body around which their private life is organized," said Minguez.In Spain, especially in the countryside, it is not uncommon to find entire groups of aunts, uncles, cousins, nieces and nephews (外甥／侄子) all living on the same street. They regularly get together for Sunday dinner.Parents tolerance is another factor. Spanish parents accept late - night partying and are wary of setting bedtime rules."A child can arrive home at whatever time he wants. If parents complain he\'ll put up a fight and call the father a fascist," said Jose Antonio Gomez Yanez, a sociologist at Carlos Ill University in Madrid.Mothers willingness to do children\'s household chores (家务) worsens the problem. Dionisio Masso, a 60 - year - old in Madrid, has three children in their 20s, The eldest 28, has a girlfriend and a job. But life with mum is good."His mum does the wash and cooks for him, in the end, he lives well," Masso said.It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that family ties are stronger in Portugal than in ______.【单选题】

A.Greece

B.Finland

C.Spain

D.Italy

正确答案:B

答案解析:本题难度不大，是送分题。第五段第二句谈到了欧洲南部国家的家庭联系比欧洲中部和北部的国家更紧密，结合地理知识，芬兰位于北部，所以答案是B，此外，即使不靠地理知识，也可使用排除法做对这道题目，作者列举了三个国家都是在欧洲南部，选项A，C，D都是作者提到的，可以明显被排除掉，答案只能是B。

3、The thief was finally captured two miles away from the village.【单选题】

A.caught

B.killed

C.found

D.jailed

正确答案:A

答案解析:最终，小偷在逃出村子两英里后被抓了。captured指“抓获”，和caught“抓住”是近义词，B项指“杀掉”，C项指“找到”，D项指“拘留”，最佳答案只能是A。

4、PopulationThe advantages and disadvantages of large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists. It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited . To feed a large population, inferior land must be cultivated and the good land worked intensively. produces less and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller population . Other economists have argued that a large population gives more scope for specialization and the development of facilities such as ports, roads and railways, ____One of the difficulties in carrying out a worldwide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth vary from country to country depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials. In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources, concern of government to plane a limit on the birth rate, whatever the consequences may be. In a highly industrialized society the problem may be more complex. A decreasing birth rate may lead to unemployment it results in a declining market for manufactured goods. When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, rather than one which is stable or in decline.【单选题】

A.which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify them

B.It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited

C.it will be the first concern of government to plane a limit on the birth rate, whatever the consequences may be

D.Thus, each person produces less and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller population

E.A small population may mean lower productivity, but a higher average income

F.because it results in a declining market for manufactured goods

正确答案:A

答案解析:从语法角度和语义的角度来说都应该选择A。所选句中的which指代的是facilities。

5、 More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing 1 Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known, new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences. 2 Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep, as well as a number of other sleep problems, than people who sleep 8 hours a night. People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep arid feeling refreshed after a night\'s sleep than 8-hour sleepers. 3 These findings, which Dr. Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, demonstrate that people who want to get a good night\'s rest may not need to set aside more than 8 hours a night. He added that "it might be a good idea" for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this. 4 Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep, for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more. 5 For the current report, Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep questionnaires, in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problems. Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night, arising early in the morning and being unable to fall hack to sleep, and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning. 6 Kripke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours. In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed. As evidence, he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bad. "It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they\'ll spend a higher percentage of time awake," he said. To get a good night\'s rest, people may not need to____. 【单选题】

A.fall asleep again

B. become more energetic the following day

C.sleep less than 7 hours

D.confirm those serious consequences

E.suffer sleep problems

F.sleep more than 8 hours

正确答案:F

答案解析:选择F的依据是第三段的第一句。原文是： … people who want to get a good night\'s rest may not need to sat aside more.

6、Intellectual DisabilityPeople with intellectual disability form one of the largest single disability groups in a community. Intellectual disability refers to a general slowness to learn and function within society, and the identification of intellectual disability is usually based on an assessment of a person\'s performance in a variety of tests. An individual\'s level of performance, as assessed, can change with time and circumstances. With skilled training and opportunity for development, people with intellectual disability have much greater potential for acquiring skills and for participation in community life than previously had been thought possible.In many western societies, five categories of intellectual disability have traditionally been used in order to indicate the perceived degree of difficulty an individual has with learning. All five may occur in either children, adolescent or adult, and show as mild, moderate, severe, profound or multiple intellectual disability.For the majority of intellectual disabilities, there is no identifiable cause but there are some causes that are well documented. They include: brain damage at birth due to lack of oxygen—prolonged labor during childbirth; brain damage before birth due to factors such as rubella (风疹), drug or diet-related problems; damage after birth due to illnesses such as encephalitis(脑膜炎) or accident; hereditary defects in the genes; abnormal chromosome count resulting in, for example, Down Syndrome(唐氏综合症).Like everyone else, people with an intellectual disability need a rewarding job, a satisfying place to live and a good social life. But they may need extra support to achieve these things. Good support services are based on the principle of normalization—which means enabling people to be part of the community like everyone else,With the introduction of the intellectually disabled into communities, there is a need to promote awareness of communication. Although many people may have little experience in talking with an intellectually disabled person, there are common guidelines that can simplify the interaction. Firstly, it is useful to remember that people with disabilities have feelings. Speaking in the same friendly manner as you would to anyone else is also recommended. Being prepared to wait a little longer for replies during a conversation with an intellectually disabled person would undoubtedly benefit the exchange.The causes for intellectual disability can be brain damages before birth due to____.【单选题】

A.assess the degree of difficulty an individual has with learning

B.illnesses such as encephalitis or accident

C.they also have feelings

D.an assessment of a person\'s performance in a variety of tests

E.factors such as rubella, drug or diet-related problems

F.benefit the exchange

正确答案:E

答案解析:根据题干线索词cause和brain damages定位原文至第三段第二句“They include … brain damage before birth due to factors such as rubella, drug or dietrelated problem”，句中的they即指前文提到的the causes for intellectual disability。由此推断，句中画线部分即为所需添加成分。E选项属于原文复现，故为正确答案。

7、The Value of MotherhoodIn shopping malls, the assistants try to push you into buying "a gift to thank her for her unselfish love". When you log onto a website, a small pop-up invites you to book a bouquet for her. Commercial warmth and gratitude are the atmosphere being spread around for this special Sunday in May.The American version of Mother\'s Day was thought up as early as 1905, by Anna Jarvis, as a way of recognizing the real value of motherhood. The popularity of Mother\'s Day around the world suggests that Jarvis got all she wanted. In fact, she got more enough to make her horrified.According to a research by the US card company Hallmark, 96 percent of American consumers celebrate the holiday. They buy, among other things, 132 million cards. Mother\'s Day is the No. 1 holiday for flower purchases. Then there are the various commodities, ranging from jewelry and clothes to cosmetics and washing powder that take advantage of the promotion opportunities. Because of this, Jarvis spent the last 40 years of her life trying to stop Mother\'s Day. One protest against the commercialization of Mother\'s Day even got her arrested for disturbing the peace, interestingly.But what\'s more, commercialism changes young people\'s attitude towards motherhood. As Ralph Fevre, a reporter at the UK newspaper The Guardian, observe, traditionally "motherhood is something that we do because we think it\'s right." But in the logic of commercialism, people need something in exchange for their time and energy. A career serves this purpose better.____. So they work hard and play hard. Becoming a mother, however, inevitably handicaps career anticipation.motherhood has suffered a huge drop in status since the 1950s. According to the Guardian, there are twice as many child-free young women as there were a generation ago. Or, they put off the responsibility of parenting until later in their lives.So, Fevre writes that the meaning of celebrating Mother\'s Day needs to be updated: "It is to persuade people that parenting is a good idea and to honor people for their attempt to be good people."【单选题】

A.The American version of Mother\'s Day was thought up as early as 1905, by Anna Jarvis, as a way of recognizing the real value of motherhood.

B.But what\'s more, commercialism changes young people\'s attitude towards motherhood.

C.Obviously, the best girl will be a phone call or a visit.

D.According to a research by the US card company Hallmark, 96 percent of American consumers celebrate the holiday.

E.As a result, motherhood has suffered a huge drop in status since the 1950s.

F.In addition, women are being encouraged to pursue any career they desire.

正确答案:F

答案解析:第五段是对第四段主题的进一步发展，因此用F。

8、Hurricanes1 Did you know that before 1950, hurricanes had no names? They were simply given numbers. The first names ware simply Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, etc. But in 1953, female names were given because of the unpredictability factor of the storms. In 1979, realizing the sexist nature of such named, the lists were expanded to include both men and women.2 Hurricanes and typhoons are the same things. If they form in the Atlantic, we call these strong storms hurricanes, from the West Indian word hurricane, meaning "big wind. " And if they are pacific storms, they are called typhoons from the Chinese taifun, meaning "great wind. " To be classified as a hurricane, the storm must have maximum winds of at least 75 mph. These storms are big, many hundreds of miles in diameter.3 Hurricanes get their power from water vapor as it gives out its stored-up energy. All water vapor gives out heat as it condenses from a gaseous state to a liquid state over fixed points on the equator. To make a hurricane, you must have extremely wet, warm air, the kind of air that can only be found in tropical regions.4 Scientists have determined that the heat given out in the process of water condensation can be as high as 95 billion kilowatts per hours. In just one day alone, the storm can produce more energy than many industrialized nations need in an entire year! The problem is that we don\'t know how to make such great energy work for us.5 Predicting the path of a hurricane is one of the most difficult tasks for forecasters, it moves at a typical speed of 15 mph. But not always. Some storms may race along at twice this speed, then suddenly stop and remain in the same location in the ocean for several days. It can be maddening if you live in a coastal area that may be hit.6 The biggest advance in early detection is continuous watch from weather satellites. With these, we can see the storms form and track them fully, from birth to death. While they can still kill people and destroy property, hurricanes will never surprise any nation again.Using weather satellites can ensure ____.【单选题】

A.timely discovery of hurricane

B.convenience

C.sex equality

D.its connection with humans

E.huge power

F.uncertainty

正确答案:A

答案解析:答案的依据在最后一段。使用气象卫星能做到早期发现和跟踪飓风。

9、As members dropped out, the club became smaller and smaller.【单选题】

A.Passedaway

B.grew

C.changed

D.withdrew

正确答案:D

答案解析:drop out：退出、退学，和withdraw（退出、撤退）可以互换；pass away:去世，die的委婉说法；grow：长大；change:改变、变化；。

10、Human Heart Can Make New CellsSolving a longstanding mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues to generate new cardiac cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows with age. The finding, published in the April 3 issue of Science, could open a new path for the treatment of heart diseases such as heart failure and heart attack, experts say. "We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes, are renewed," said lead researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen, a professor of stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. "It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we are born with or if they could be renewed," he said. The process of renewing these cells changes over time, Frisen added. In a 20-year-old, about 1 percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year, but the turnover rate decreases with age to only 0. 45 percent by age 75, "If we can understand how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated, it may be potentially possible to develop pharmaceuticals that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after for example, a heart attack, "Frisen said. That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts. A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure," noted co-author Dr. Ratan Bhardwaj. Ratan Bhardwaj, also from the Karolinska Institute. "Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying," he said. With this finding, scientists are "opening the door to potential therapies to having ourselves heal ourselves," Bhardwaj said. "Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that would make heart cells make new and more cells to overcome the problem they are facing. " But barriers remain. According to Bhardwaj, scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off, especially in older patients with heart failure. In addition, the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts-whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown.In people in their mid-70s, only 0.45 percent of cardiomyocytes ____.【单选题】

A.are still functional

B.are reduced each year

C.are replaced each year

D.are damaged each year

正确答案:C

答案解析:第四段说，一个人20岁时，其每年被更替的心肌细胞为1%，随着年龄的增长，该更替率( turnover rate)不断下降，等到75岁时，只有0. 45%。