2020年职称英语考试《卫生类》考试共65题，分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理补全短文分析5道练习题，附答案解析，供您备考练习。

1、PopulationThe advantages and disadvantages of large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists. It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited . To feed a large population, inferior land must be cultivated and the good land worked intensively. ____. Other economists have argued that a large population gives more scope for specialization and the development of facilities such as ports, roads and railways, which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify themOne of the difficulties in carrying out a worldwide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth vary from country to country depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials. In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources, concern of government to plane a limit on the birth rate, whatever the consequences may be. In a highly industrialized society the problem may be more complex. A decreasing birth rate may lead to unemployment it results in a declining market for manufactured goods. When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, rather than one which is stable or in decline.【单选题】

A.which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify them

B.It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited

C.it will be the first concern of government to plane a limit on the birth rate, whatever the consequences may be

D.Thus, each person produces less and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller population

E.A small population may mean lower productivity, but a higher average income

F.because it results in a declining market for manufactured goods

正确答案:D

答案解析:选项D中所说的“人均产出少”正是前文中“土地问题”的结果，更明确地说明了有限的土地和庞大的人口数量之间的矛盾。另外，该题也可以用排除法选出正确答案。

2、Reduce PackagingPressure increased recently on British supermarkets and retailers to reduce packaging as part of an anti - waste campaign. The campaign was initiated by The Independent newspaper. Britain generates 4.6 million tons of household waste every year by packaging.Dozens of people have expressed anger at the excess of plastic wrapping. Campaigners have called on Britain to learn from other European countries, In Belgium, when you buy something in a plastic or glass container, you make a deposit. When returned bottles are put in a vending machine 自动售货机, the deposit is refunded. Environmentalists warn that Britain lags behind in this.There were reports of growing unease among consumers over the amount of packaging they have to deal with. Trade standards officers also object to excessive packaging. This is because too much padding can give buyers a false impression of what they are buying.In response to a campaign by Britain\'s The Independent newspaper, leading supermarkets have pointed to various initiatives to win the public confidence. tons of cardboard a year by switching to reusable plastic crates 装货箱 for transporting its fresh produce.But campaigners said retailers and the government could learn much from anti - waste practices on the Continent. In Sweden, non - recyclable batteries have been taxed since 1991 to encourage a switch to alternatives. ____ In Germany, plastic bags are unheard of in supermarkets and deposits are paid for reusable plastic and glass beverage bottles.【单选题】

A.If a product is over packaged, don\'t buy it.

B.In Belgium, when you buy something in a plastic or glass container, you make a deposit.

C.This is because too much padding can give buyers a false impression of what they are buying.

D.This has resulted in a 74 percent reduction in sales.

E.Tesco said it was saving 112,000 tons of cardboard a year by switching to reusable plastic crates (装货箱) for transporting its fresh produce.

F.The campaign was initiated by The Independent newspaper.

正确答案:D

答案解析:本题有一定难度。要认真阅读文章，理解好句意，判断出叙述逻辑，可使用排除法和代入法。本题的上句谈到了一个另外的例子，即在瑞典用不可循环利用的电池会被征税，那么可以推断既然征税，销售额肯定会受到影响，回来看选项，可以发现D项合适，把D项代入文中，符合上下文逻辑，是答案。

3、The Process of AgeingAt the age of twelve years, the human body is at its most vigorous. It has yet to reach its full size and strength, and its owner his or her full intelligence; but at this age the likelihood of death is the least. Earlier, we were infants and young children, and consequently more vulnerable; later, we shall undergo a progressive loss of our vigor resistance which, though imperceptible (察觉不出的) at first, will finally become so steep that we can live no longer, however well we look after ourselves, and however well society, and our doctors, look after us This decline in vigor with the passing of time is called ageing. If we escape wars, accidents and diseases, we shall eventually "die of old age", and this happens at a rate which differs little from person to person. Some of us will die sooner, a few will live longer. But there is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive, however lucky and robust we are.Normal people tend to forget this process until they are reminded of it. We are so familiar with the fact that man ages, that people have for years assumed that the process of losing vigor with time was something self-evident, like the cooling of a hot kettle or the wearing-out of a pair of shoes. "They have also assumed that all animals, and probably other organisms such as trees, or even the universe itself, must in the nature of things "wear out". Most animals we commonly observe do in fact age as we do; and mechanical systems like a wound watch, or the sun, do in fact run out of energy. But these are not analogous to what happens when man ages. A run-down watch is still a watch and can be rewound. And old watch, by contrast, becomes so worn and unreliable that it eventually is not worth mending. But a watch could never repair itself it does not consist of living parts, only of metal, which wears away by friction (摩擦). We could, at one time tune, repair ourselves well enough, at least to overcome all but the most instantly fatal illnesses and accidents. Between twelve and eighty years we gradually lose this power.____. If we could stay as vigorous as we are at twelve, it would take about 700 years for half of us to die, and another 700 of the survivors to be reduced by half again.【单选题】

A. Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death

B. an illness which at twelve would knock us over, at eighty can knock us out, and into our grave

C. and mechanical systems like a wound watch, or the sun, do in fact run out of energy

D.This decline in vigor with the passing of time is called ageing

E.And old watch, by contrast, becomes so worn and unreliable that it eventually is not worth mending

F.and this happens at a rate which differs little from person to person

正确答案:B

答案解析:前一句说，在12～80岁之间的这段时间里我们会逐渐地丧失自我修复的能力。所选句是对前一句话的具体说明，给前面一句提供了生动的注释。值得注意的连贯词是在两句中都出现的twelve和eighty。

4、Cars Are Good for the Environment，HonestBritain\'s motor industry is planning a major publicity campaign to counter what it sees as an official anti-car bias and to improve the environmental image of the cars, according to documents leaked to the pressure group, Friends of the Earth (FOE). The five-year campaign could cost up to ￡12 million.The internal document which was produced last month by the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders, says that the "ultimate objective of the campaign must be to protect the long-term commercial freedom of the motor industry and the lifestyle freedom of car users". The campaign will highlight the motor industry\'s efforts to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide. European car manufacturers have already agreed with the European Com mission to reduce CO2 emissions from new cars by 25 percent to target of 140 grams per kilometer by 2008. However, the document also reveals that the industry is someway from meeting the target. ____To help control these emissions, the government has proposed replacing the flat rate annual tax on cars with a tax related to engine size so that owners of large gas-guzzler would pay more than owners of small cars. But the motor industry opposes taxes on persons owning cars preferring taxes on use.Richard Barnet, the society\'s media manager, says: "We will work with the government to practice a practical system. " But Ian Willmore of FOE says the industry “may pose as partners of the government, but its real intention is to frustrate serious attempts to reduce traffic levels”.【单选题】

A.The campaign will highlight the motor industry\'s efforts to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide.

B.But the motor industry opposes taxes on persons owning cars preferring taxes on use.

C.The five-year campaign could cost up to ￡14 million.

D.The reason why cars are good for the environment is obvious.

E.But Ian Willmore of FOE says the industry “may pose as partners of the government, but its real intention is to frustrate serious attempts to reduce traffic levels”.

F.For example, last year\'s new cars exceed an average of 192 grams per kilometre—some 39 percent above the target.

正确答案:F

答案解析:前句进行了总说，而后句为另一话题，前后之间没有直接关联，所以可以判断此处可以为前句的举例说明。

5、MemoriesMost episodes of absent-mindedness forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. "You are supposed to remember something, but you haven\'t encoded it deeply."____. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don\'t pay attention to what you did because you are involved in a conversation, you will probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe. "Your memory itself isn\'t failing you," says Schacter. " Rather, you didn\'t give your memory system the information it needed. "Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. "A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago," says Zelinski, "may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox. " Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that.Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Sclnacter." But be sure the cue is clear and available.,"he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table don\'t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you are there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. "Everyone does this from time to time," says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you will likely remember.【单选题】

A.Encoding, Schacter says, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later

B.Rather, you didn\'t give your memory system the information it needed

C.The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you will likely remember

D.They are more interested in what\'s happening around them

E.But be sure the cue is clear and available.

F.Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness

正确答案:A

答案解析:上一段的结尾提到了“编码”的问题，而空白处的后一句话同样有encode字样出现，那么很有可能需要填入的句子也是关于encode的。选项中只有A符合要求。所选句给encoding下了定义，是这一段的主题句。该句中包含一个定语从句，引导词that指代的是way，it指代的是event。