2020年职称英语考试《综合类》考试共65题，分为单选题。小编为您整理阅读判断分析5道练习题，附答案解析，供您备考练习。

1、Fermi ProblemOn a Monday morning in July, the world\'s first atom bomb exploded in the New Mexico desert, Forty seconds later, the shook waves reached the base camp where the Italian-American physicist Enrico Fezmi and his team stood. After a mental calculation, Fermi announced to his team that the bomb\'s energy had equated 10,000 tons of TNT. The bomb team was impressed, but not surprised. Fermi\'s genius was known throughout the scientific world. In 1938 he had won a Nobel Prize. Four years later he produced the first nuclear chain reaction, leading us into the nuclear age. Since Fermi\'s death in 1954, no physicist has been at once a master experimentalist and a leading theoretician.Like all virtuosos (大师), Fermi had a distinctive style. He preferred the most direct route to an answer. He was very good at dividing difficult problems into small, manageable bits talent we all can use in our daily lives.To develop this talent in his students, Fermi would suggest a type of question now known as a Fermi problem. Upon first hearing one of these, you haven\'t the remotest notion of the answer, and you feel certain that too little information had been given to solve it, Yet when the problem is broken into sub-problems, each answerable without the help of expert. s or books, you can come close to the exact solution.Suppose you want to determine Earth\'s circumference without looking it up. Everyone knows that New York and Los Angeles are about 3,000 miles apart and that the time difference between them is three hours. Three hours is one-eighth of a day, and a day is the time it takes the planet to complete one rotation, so its circumference must be eight times 3000 0r 24000 miles. This answer differs from the true value, 24,902. 45 miles, by less than four percent.Ultimately the value of dealing with everyday problems the way Fermi did lies in the rewards of making independent discoveries and inventions. It doesn\'t matter whether the discovery is as important as determining the power of an atom or as small as measuring the distance between New York and Los Angeles. Looking up the answer, or letting someone else find it deprives you of the pleasure and pride that accompany creativity, and deprives you of an experience that builds up self-confide. Thus, approaching personal dilemmas as Fermi problems can become a habit that enriches your life.Fermi problem is to develop the talent of breaking a seemingly unanswerable problem into sub-problems and finding the solution to it, which is a typical Fermi problem.【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

正确答案:A

答案解析:答案的依据是第3段的内容。第1句中的this talent指第2段提到的将难以解决的问题分解成几个容易处理的小问题。第3段对这种解决问题的方法又进一步作了描写。

2、African wild dogFinding a babysitter while you go out to work is, for example, an inconvenience. For the African wild dog, one of the continent\'s most endangered carnivores （食肉动物), it\'s a matter of life and death. A new research shows that once packs (兽群) fall below a certain size, they are not enough animals to both hunt food and stay at home protecting the young.The African wild dog has declined drastically over the past century. Habitual loss (栖息地的丧失), persecution and unexplained outbreaks of disease have all been blamed. Only 3, 000 to5,000 animals remain, and the species is expected to go extinct within decades if the trend continues.Other large carnivores such as the spotted hyena (鬣狗) face similar pressures, yet are not declining. Now Franck Courchamp of Cambridge University has found a reason why. The dog\'s weakness lies in its social organization.Within each pack of up to 20 adults and pups, only the dominant male and female breed. The remaining animals help raise the pups, cooperating to hunt prey and defend the kill from other carnivores.Because pups can\'t keep up on a hunt, large packs leave an adult behind to protect them from predators (捕猎者), which include lions and hyenas. But leaving a babysitter also carries costs. A smaller hunting party is less able to tackle large prey and to defend the kill. There is also one less stomach in which to carry food back to the den, and one more mouth to feed when they get there.Courchamp investigated this awkward trade-off (权衡) by modeling how the costs of a babysitter change with decreasing pack size. This showed that packs of more than five adults should be able to feed all the pups and still spare a babysitter. But with smaller packs, either the hunting or the babysitting suffers, or the animals have to compensate by increasing the number of hunting excursions which itself carries a cost to the pack.Field observations in Zimbabwe supported the model. Packs of five animals or fewer left pups unguarded more frequently than larger packs did. There was also evidence that when they did leave a babysitter, they were forced to hunt more often.A pack which drops below a critical size becomes caught in a vicious circle (恶性循环), says Courchamp, who is now at Paris-Sud University. "Poor reproduction and low survival further reduces pack size, culminating in (最终造成) failure of the whole pack. " And deaths caused by human activity, says Courchamp, may be what reduce pack numbers to below the sustamable threshold. Mammal ecologist Chris Carbone at London\'s Institute of Zoology agrees. Maintaining the integrity of wild dog packs will be vitalin preserving the species, he says.The African wild dog has been endangered.【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

正确答案:A

答案解析:答案的依据是第2段：在过去的一个世纪里，非洲野狗的数量急剧下降。如果这个势头继续下去的话，在数十年里，这个物种就会灭绝。因此题干的说法是正确的。

3、Fighting for a Brighter Future for WomenWhen I was asked what it means to be a woman running for president, I always gave the same answer that I was proud to be running as a woman, but I was running because thought I\'d be the best president.But I am a woman and, like millions of women, I know there are still barriers and biases (偏见) out there, often unconscious, and I want to build an America that respects and embraces the potential of every last one of us.I ran as a daughter who benefited from opportunities my mother never dreamed of. I ran as a mother who worried about my daughter\'s future and a mother who wants to leave all children brighter tomorrows.To build that future I see, we must make sure that women and men understand the struggles of their grandmothers and their mothers, and that women enjoy equal opportunities, equal pay, and equal respect.Let us resolve and work toward achieving very simple propositions (命题): there are no acceptable limits, and there are no acceptable prejudices in the 21 st century in our country.You can also be so proud of it, from now on, it will be unremarkable for a woman to win primary state victories, unremarkable to let a woman in a close race to be our nominee (被提名者), unremarkable to think that a woman can be the president of the United States. And this is truly remarkable my friends.We are disappointed that we couldn\'t go all of the way, especially the young people who put so much into this campaign. It would break my heart if, in falling short of my goal, I in any way discouraged any of you from pursuing yours.We always aim high, work hard, and care deeply about what you believe in. And when you stumble (绰倒), keep faith. And, when you\'re knocked down, get right back up and never listen to anyone who says you can\'t or shouldn\'t go on.As we gather here today in this historic, magnificent building, the 50th woman will leave the Earth and orbit (绕轨道运行) overhead. If we can blast 50 women into space, we will someday launch a woman into the White House.Hillary Clinton will support Obama in the upcoming presidential election campaign.【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

正确答案:C

答案解析:本题有一定难度，需要通读全文。通读全文可以发现，全文始终没有提到奥巴马，所以本题是未提及的，答案是C。

4、The Race into SpaceAmerican millionaire Dennis Tito will always be famous. He was the first tourist in space. "I spent sixty years on Earth and eight days in space and from my viewpoint, it was two separate lives," Tito explained. He loved his time in space. "Being in space and looking back at earth is one of the most rewarding experiences a human being can have."This kind of experience isn\'t cheap. It cost $ 20 million. However, Tito achieved his dream, so he was happy. "For me it was a life dream. It was a dream that began when didn\'t have any money," he told reporters.On 30 April 2002, Mark Shuttleworth became the world\'s second space tourist. Shuttleworth is a South African businessman. At the age of twenty - eight, he also paid $ 20 million for the eight - day trip.Both Tito and Shuttleworth bought their tickets from a company called Space Adventures. The company has around 100 people already on their waiting list for flights into space. The spaceship to take them doesn\'t exist yet.Many of the customers are people who like adventure. They are the kind of people who also want to climb Mount Qomolangma. Other customers are people who love space. However, these people are worried. Because it’s so expensive, only very rich people can go into space. They want space travel to be available to more people.That day may soon be here. Inter Orbital Systems (IOS) plans to send up to four tourists a week into space. The tours will depart from an island in Tonga. The company promises a package that includes forty-five days of astronaut training in Russia and California, seven days in space, and a vacation in Tonga, for $2 million.However, space flight is still very dangerous. Bill Readdy is NASA\'s deputy assistant administrator for space flight. He says that the chances of dying are about 1 in 500. Because of this, it may take time before space tourism really takes off. You might be able to go up, but will you come down?Mark Shuttleworth is an engineer from the United States.【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

正确答案:B

答案解析:本题难度不大，比较容易找到答案依据。带着题干提示词Mark Shuttleworth迅速回到文章定位。文中第三段谈到，Mark Shuttleworth是世界上第二个太空旅行者，他是一个南非商人……，所以，此人不是美国人，而是南非人，所以本题错误，答案是B。

5、The Race into SpaceAmerican millionaire Dennis Tito will always be famous. He was the first tourist in space. "I spent sixty years on Earth and eight days in space and from my viewpoint, it was two separate lives," Tito explained. He loved his time in space. "Being in space and looking back at earth is one of the most rewarding experiences a human being can have."This kind of experience isn\'t cheap. It cost $ 20 million. However, Tito achieved his dream, so he was happy. "For me it was a life dream. It was a dream that began when didn\'t have any money," he told reporters.On 30 April 2002, Mark Shuttleworth became the world\'s second space tourist. Shuttleworth is a South African businessman. At the age of twenty - eight, he also paid $ 20 million for the eight - day trip.Both Tito and Shuttleworth bought their tickets from a company called Space Adventures. The company has around 100 people already on their waiting list for flights into space. The spaceship to take them doesn\'t exist yet.Many of the customers are people who like adventure. They are the kind of people who also want to climb Mount Qomolangma. Other customers are people who love space. However, these people are worried. Because it’s so expensive, only very rich people can go into space. They want space travel to be available to more people.That day may soon be here. Inter Orbital Systems (IOS) plans to send up to four tourists a week into space. The tours will depart from an island in Tonga. The company promises a package that includes forty-five days of astronaut training in Russia and California, seven days in space, and a vacation in Tonga, for $2 million.However, space flight is still very dangerous. Bill Readdy is NASA\'s deputy assistant administrator for space flight. He says that the chances of dying are about 1 in 500. Because of this, it may take time before space tourism really takes off. You might be able to go up, but will you come down?Space Adventures already has a spaceship.【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

正确答案:B

答案解析:本题有一定难度，本题又回到第四段出题，考生需要从第四段寻找答案依据。带着题干提示词Space Adventures迅速回到文章定位。第四段最后一句谈到，运载他们的太空飞船还不存在，所以本题错误，答案是B