- 阅读理解B
题干：“Universalhistory,thehistoryofwhatmanhasaccomplishedinthisworld,isatbottomtheHistoryoftheGreatMenwhohaveworkedhere，”wrotetheVictoriansageThomasCarlyle.Well,notanymoreitisnot.Suddenly,Britainlookstohavefallenoutwithitsfavouritehistoricalform.Thiscouldbenomorethanapassingliterarycraze,butitalsopointstoabroadertruthabouthowwenowapproachthepast：lessconcernedwithlearningfromourforefathersandmoreinterestedinfeelingtheirpain.Today,wewantempathy,notinspiration.FromtheearliestdaysoftheRenaissance，thewritingofhistorymeantrecountingtheexemplarylivesofgreatmen.In1337,PetrarchbeganworkonhisramblingwritingDeVirisIllustribus--OnFamousMen,highlightingthevirtus(orvirtue)ofclassicalheroes.Petrarchcelebratedtheirgreatnessinconqueringfortuneandrisingtothetop.ThiswasthebiographicaltraditionwhichNiccolòMachiavelliturnedonitshead.InThePrince,hechampionedcunning,ruthlessness,andboldness,ratherthanvirtue，mercyandjustice，astheskillsofsuccessfulleaders.Overtime，theattributesofgreatnessshifted.TheRomanticscommemoratedtheleadingpaintersandauthorsoftheirday，stressingtheuniquenessoftheartist'spersonalexperienceratherthanpublicglory.Bycontrast,theVictorianauthorSamuelSmileswroteSelf-Helpasacatalogueoftheworthylivesofengineers,industrialistsandexplorers.“Thevaluableexampleswhichtheyfurnishofthepowerofself-help，ofpatientpurpose，resoluteworking，andsteadfastintegrity，issuingintheformationoftrulynobleandmanlycharacter,exhibit，”wroteSmiles,“whatitisinthepowerofeachtoaccomplishforhimself.”HisbiographiesofJamesWatt,RichardArkwrightandJosiahWedgwoodwereheldupasbeaconstoguidetheworkingmanthroughhisdifficultlife.ThiswasallabitbourgeoisforThomasCarlyle,whofocusedhisbiographiesonthetrulyheroiclivesofMartinLuther,OliverCromwellandNapoleonBonaparte.Theseepochalfiguresrepresentedliveshardtoimitate,buttobeacknowledgedaspossessinghigherauthoritythanmeremortals.Noteveryonewasconvincedbysuchbombast.“Thehistoryofallhithertoexistingsocietyisthehistoryofclassstruggles,”wroteMarxandEngelsinTheCommunistManifesto.Forthem,historydidnothing,itpossessednoimmensewealthnorwagedbattles：“Itisman,real,livingmanwhodoesallthat.”Andhistoryshouldbethestoryofthemassesandtheirrecordofstruggle.Assuch,itneededtoappreciatetheeconomicrealities，thesocialcontextsandpowerrelationsinwhicheachepochstood.For:“Menmaketheirownhistory,buttheydonotmakeitjustastheyplease；theydonotmakeitundercircumstanceschosenbythemselves，butundercircumstancesdirectlyfound，givenandtransmittedfromthepast.”Thiswasthetraditionwhichrevolutionisedourappreciationofthepast.InplaceofThomasCarlyle，BritainnurturedChristopherHill,EPThompsonandEricHobsbawm.Historyfrombelowstoodalongsidebiographiesofgreatmen.Wholenewrealmsofunderstanding-fromgendertoracetoculturalstudies-wereopenedupasscholarsunpickedthemultiplicityoflostsocieties.Andittransformedpublichistorytoo：downstairsbecamejustasfascinatingasupstairs.
题目：Marx and Engels - A 、emphasized the virtue of classical heroes.
- B 、highlighted the public glory of the leading artists.
- C 、focused onepochal figures whose lives were hard to imitate.
- D 、opened up new realms of understanding the great men in history.
- E 、held thathistory should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle.
- 、dismissed virtue as unnecessary for successful leaders.
- 、depicted the worthy lives of engineers，industrialists and explorers.
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参考答案【正确答案：E】
根据信号词Marx and Engels定位到第六段。根据第四句And history should be thestory of the masses and their record of struggle 可知，E 选项为正确答案。
您可能感兴趣的试题- 1 【阅读理解B】Marx and Engels
- A 、emphasized the virtue of classical heroes
- B 、highlighted the public glory of the leading artists
- C 、 focused on epochal figures whose lives were hard to imitate
- D 、opened up new realms of understanding the great men in history.
- E 、 held that history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle
- 、 dismissed virtue as unnecessary for successful leaders
- 、depicted the worthy lives of engineers industrialists and explorers
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