- 阅读理解A
题干：Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity，peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous，boring，burdensome，orjustplainnasty.Thatcompulsionhasresultedinrobotics-thescienceofconferringvarioushumancapabilitiesonmachines.Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversionofsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobot-drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics，therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeteraccuracy-fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility，theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves-goalsthatposearealchallenge.“Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror,”saysDaveLavery,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA，“wecan'tyetgivearobotenough‘commonsense’toreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld.”Indeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixedresults.Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear2010，researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.Whattheyfound，inattemptingtomodelthought，isthatthehumanbrain'sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented-andhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicated-thanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcan'tapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon’tknowquitehowwedoit.
题目：According to the text，what is beyond man’s ability now is to design a robot that can_____. - A 、fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery
- B 、interact with human beings verbally
- C 、have a little common sense
- D 、respond independently to a changing world
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参考答案【正确答案：D】
细节题。文章第三段首句指出，机器人若要进入节省劳力的下一个阶段，它们必须能够在更少的人工监控下运行，并且至少能够独立地做些决定, 这样的目标为我们提出了真正的挑战。接着在第二句中作者谈到此项挑战之所以艰巨的原因是：尽管我们知道如何让机器人处理一个特定的错误, 但是我们不能给它们足够的“常识”使其与不断变化的世界进行可靠的互动。由此可知，机器人目前还必须在人的操控下工作, 它还不能独立适应不断变化的外部环境。所以D选项为正确答案。
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- A 、committed
- B 、made
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- A 、The argument whether philosophy will ultimately be solved by science or not
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- A 、The uniqueness of film
- B 、The importance of film analysis
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- 7 【阅读理解A】According to the text, we can tell that（）.
- A 、Easterlin agreed with Maslow
- B 、Easterlin’s theory contradicts with Maslow’s
- C 、Easterlin’s theory is more popular than Maslow’s
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- 8 【阅读理解A】What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?
- A 、A lack of mates.
- B 、A fierce competition.
- C 、A lower survival rate.
- D 、A defective gene.
- 9 【阅读理解A】Which of the following is true according to the text?
- A 、People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.
- B 、VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.
- C 、The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.
- D 、Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.
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- A 、a pioneer of education reform
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