Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

The Importance of Sleep

Sleep is essential to our health and well-being. Yet millions of people do not get enough sleep and many suffer from lack of sleep. For example, surveys conducted by the National Sleep Foundation (NSF) in the United States reveal that at least 40 million Americans suffer from over 70 different sleep disorders and 60 percent of adults report having sleep problems a few nights a week or more. Most of those with these problems go undiagnosed and untreated. In addition, more than 40 percent of adults experience daytime sleepiness severe enough to interfere with their daily activities at least a few days each month — with 20 percent reporting problem sleepiness a few days a week or more.

Sleep plays a vital role in good health and well-being throughout your life. Getting enough quality sleep at the right 1 is as important to survival as food and water. During sleep, your body is working to support healthy brain function and maintain your physical health. In children and teens, sleep also helps support growth and development. The damage from sleep deficiency can occur in an instant (such as a car crash), or it can harm you over time. For example, ongoing sleep deficiency can raise your risk for some chronic health problems. It also can affect how well you think, react, work, learn, and get along with others.

Healthy brain function and emotional well-being are 2 on getting enough rest at night. Many of the brain’s activities occur during sleep. Sleeping well helps the brain work properly. While you're sleeping, your brain is preparing for the next day. It's forming new pathways to help you learn and remember information. Studies show that a good night's sleep improves learning. Whether you're learning math, how to play the piano, how to perfect your golf swing, or how to drive a car, sleep helps enhance your learning and problem-solving skills. Sleep also helps you pay attention, make decisions, and be creative.

Studies also show that sleep deficiency alters activity in some parts of the brain. If you're sleep deficient, you may have trouble making decisions, solving problems, controlling your emotions and behavior, and coping with change. Sleep deficiency also has been linked to depression, suicide, and risk-taking behavior.

Sleep helps maintain a healthy balance of the hormones that make you feel hungry (ghrelin) or full (leptin). When you don't get enough sleep, your level of ghrelin goes up and your level of leptin goes down. This makes you feel hungrier than when you're well-rested. Sleep deficiency also increases the risk of obesity in people of all ages.

1. [A] amount [B] moment [C] timing [D] interval
2. [A] reliant [B] dependent [C] independent [D] irrelevant

答案解析：

1. C。此处的“right”是指“正确的、恰当的”，与“时机”相符，故选C。

2. B。此处的意思是“健康的大脑功能和情感幸福感依赖于夜间充足的睡眠”，dependent符合语境，故选B。