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【知识点】The role and aims of monetary policy货币政策的作用和目的

The role and aims of monetary policy

The effectiveness of monetary policy will depend on:

(a) Whether the targets of monetary policy are achieved successfully

(b) Whether the success of monetary policy leads on to the successful achievement the intermediate target (eg lower inflation)

(c) Whether the successful achievement of the intermediate target (eg lower inflation) leads on to the successful achievement of the overall objective (eg stronger economic growth)

【知识点】Targets of monetary policy货币政策的目标

Targets of monetary policy

Targets of monetary policy are likely to relate to the volume of national income and expenditure.

Growth in the size of the money supply

The level of interest rates

The volume of credit, or growth in the volume of credit

The volume of expenditure in the economy (ie national income or gross national product (GNP) itself)

【知识点】Reasons for a policy of controlling the exchange rate管控汇率政策的原因

Reasons for a policy of controlling the exchange rate

(a) To rectify a balance of trade deficit, by trying to bring about a fall in the exchange rate

(b) To prevent a balance of trade surplus from getting too large, by trying to bring about a limited rise in the exchange rate

(c) To stabilize the exchange rate of the currency, as exporters and importers will then face less risk of exchange rate movements wiping out their profit; a stable currency increases confidence in the currency and promotes international trade.

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