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【知识点】Overtrading(过量交易)

Overtrading

Overtrading (also known as under-capitalisation)

In contrast with over-capitalisation, overtrading happens when a business tries to do too much too quickly with too little long-term capital.

Even if an overtrading business operates at a profit, it could easily run into serious trouble because it is short of cash.

Symptoms of overtrading

There is a rapid increase in sales revenue.

There is a rapid increase in the volume of current assets and possibly also non-current assets. Inventory turnover and accounts receivable turnover might slow down, in which case the rate of increase in inventories and accounts receivable would be even greater than the rate of increase in sales.

There is only a small increase in equity capital (perhaps through retained profits). Most of the increase in assets is financed by credit, especially:

• Trade accounts payable-the payment period to accounts payable is likely to lengthen.

• A bank overdraft, which often reaches or even exceeds the limit of the facilities agreed by the bank.

Some debt ratios and liquidity ratios alter dramatically.

• The proportion of total assets financed by proprietors\' (owner) capital falls, and the proportion financed by credit rises.

• The current ratio and the quick ratio fall.

• The business might have a liquid deficit; that is, an excess of current liabilities over current assets.

Causes of overtrading

• A business seeking to increase its revenue too rapidly without an adequate capital base.

• When a business repays a loan, it often replaces the old loan with a new one (refinancing). However a business might repay a loan without replacing it, with the consequence that it has less long-term capital to finance its current level of operations.

• A business might be profitable, but in a period of inflation, its retained profits might be insufficient to pay for replacement non-current assets and inventories, which now cost more because of inflation.

Suitable solutions to reduce the degree of overtrading.

• New capital from the shareholders could be injected.

• Better control could be applied to inventories and accounts receivable. The company could abandon ambitious plans for increased sales and more non-current asset purchases.

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