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It is difficult to think of a nation as an abstract collection of people living on a patch of territory. It is easier to thinkof as a person. This is why we sometimes call Great Britain __1__ "Britannia" ａｎｄ　the United States "Columbia"， ａｎｄ　think of it as stately women. We also use masculine symbols in our __2__ personification of nations. In 1712 John Arbuthont， a Scot，wrote a political satire in that the characters were supposed __3__ to be typical members of different nationalities. The Englishman was John Bull. This name， which was sufficient flattering to be __4__ adopted generally， combined the most common English first name with a last name indicated strength. John Bull is usually __5__ pictured as a partly businessman with a ｕｎｉｏｎJack on his hatband.

After the American War of Independence began in 1783， the United __6__States was knownfｏｒ"Brother Jonathan". Jonathan was a biblical __7__ name associated with simple people from rural areas， ａｎｄ　it seemed fitting since the United States is rural ａｎｄ　unsophiscated， ａｎｄ　since __8__American considered their type of simplicity a virtue compared to __9__ the wickedness of European cities. It is possible， however， that the name was originated with President George Washington， who would __10__often say， when faced with a hard problem， "Let us consult Brother Jonathan"， referring to his secrectary， Johnathan Trumbull.

1. of和as之间加上it.代替前文的a nation

2.it —both.指代上文的US和Great Britain

3.that—which

4.sufficient— sufficiently.修饰形容词用副词

5. indicated—indicating

6.began—ended. 根据历史知识，美国独立战争开始于1776年7月4日(《独立宣言》发表)，直到1783年英国正式承认美国独立才结束。

7. for—as.be known for意为“因......而众所周知”

8. is—was.美国过去曾是一个rural ａｎｄ　unsophisticated的国家

9.to—with.compare to 意为“把......比作.......”compare with意为“与......比较，与.......匹敌，与......竞争”

10. 删掉name和originated之间的was

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