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2020年英语专四考试阅读练习题附答案解析11
帮考网校2020-09-15 15:38
2020年英语专四考试阅读练习题附答案解析11

小伙伴们,英语专业四级考试大家复习的怎么样了呢?下面是帮考网分享的一些英语专业考试四级部分的复习资料,一起来看看吧!

PEOPLElike most animalsare naturally lazy. So the ascent of mankind is something of a mystery. Humans who make their livings hunting and gathering in the traditional way do not have to put much effort into it. Farmers who rely on rain to water their crops work significantly harderand lead shorter and unhealthier lives. But the real back-breakinghealth-destroying labour is that carried out by farmers who use irrigation. Yet it was the invention of irrigationat first sight so detrimental to its practitionersthat actually produced a sufficient surplus to feed the priestspoliticiansscholarsartists and so on whose activities are collectively thought of as civilisation”。

In the past 10000 yeasthe worlds climate has become temporarily colder and drier on several occasions. The first of theseknown as the Younger Dryadsafter a tundra-loving plant that thriced during itoccurred at the same time as the beginning of agriculture in northern Mesopotamis. It is widely believed that this was nor a coincidence. The drying and cooling of the YOUNGER Dryads adversely affected the food supply of hunter-gatherers. That would have created an incentive for agriculture to spread once some bright spark invented it.

Why farmers then moved on to irrigation ishoweverfar from clear. But Harvey Weissof Yale Universitythink she knows. Dr. Weiss observes that the development of irrigation coincides with a second cooldry periodsome 8200 years ago. His analysis of rainfall patterns in the area suggests that rainfall in agricultures upper-Mesopotamian heartland wouldat this timehave falllen below the level needed to sustain farming reliably. Farmers would thus have been forced out of the area in search of other opportunities.

Once againan innovative spark was required. But it clearly occurred to some of these displaced farmers that the slow-moving waters of the lower Tigris and Euphratesnear sea levelcould be diverted using canals and used to water cropsand the restas the clich has itis history.

So climate change helped to intensify agricultureand thus start civilization. But an equally intriguing idea is that the spread of agriculture caused climate change. In this casethe presumed criminal is forest clearance. Most of the land cultivated by early farmers in the Middle East would have been forested. When the trees that grew there were clearedthe carbon they contained ended up in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. Moreoverone form of farmingthe cultivation of rice in waterlongged fieldsgenerates methanein large quantities. Willianm Ruddimanof the University of Virginiaexplained thatin combinationthese two phenomena had warmed the atmosphere prior to the start of the industrial era. As environmentalists are wont to observemankind is part of nature. These studies show just how intimate the relationship is.

1. The invention of irrigation is meaningful because it could help to

[A] alleviate farmersworkload

[B] increase agricultural production.

[C] make planting much easier

[D] get rid of human laziness.

2. According to Dr. Weissthe second cool and dry period eventually

[A] changed the growing season.

[B] spurred the use of canals.

[C] forced the farmers to desert agriculture.

[D] led to declining populations.

3. From the first four paragraphswe can infer that the dawn of civilization

[A] was accompanied by hardships of human existence.

[B] is a mystery as yet unknown to mankind.

[C] can be attributed to the innovative sparks of ancestors.

[D] was recorded by history books ending at that time.

4. Which of the following tends to warm the climate?

[A] To develop the irrigation system.

[B] To promote organic agriculture.

[C] To revert to hunting and gathering

[D] To turn farmland back into forest.

5. the text is mainly about

[A] the relationship between climate change and civilization.

[B] the history of global climate change.

[C] the interaction between nature and human society.

[D]the impact of the spread of agriculture.

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