2020年职称英语考试《理工类》考试共65题，分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理概括大意与完成句子分析5道练习题，附答案解析，供您备考练习。

1、Meet Your Memory
1. Memory is something that cannot be seen, touched or weighed. It is thought to be abstract. It is a set of skills rather than an object. Neither is there a single standard for judging a good or poor memory. There are a number of different ways in which a person may have a good memory.
2. Memory is generally viewed as consisting of three stages: (1) acquisition refers to learning the material; (2) storage refers to keeping the material in the brain until it is needed; (3) retrieval (提取) refers to getting the material back out when it is needed:
3. Memory consists of at least two different processes: short - term memory and long - term memory. Short - term memory has a limited capacity and a rapid forgetting rate. Its capacity can be increased by chunking (组成大块), or grouping separate bits of information into larger chunks. Long - term memory has an almost unlimited capacity.
4. One measure of memory is recall, which requires you to produce information by searching the memory for it. In aided recall, you are given cues (提示) to help you produce the information. In free - recall learning you recall the material in any order. In serial learning you recall it in the order it was presented and in paired - associate learning you learn pairs of words so that when the first word is given you can recall the second word. A second measure of memory is recognition, in which you do not have to produce the information from memory, but must be able to identify it when it is presented to you. In a third measure of memory, relearning, the difference between how long it took to learn the material the first time and how long it takes to learn it again indicates how much you remember. Relearning is generally a more sensitive measure of memory than is recognition because relearning shows retention (保持) while recognition does not. Recognition is generally a more sensitive measure than recall.
Long - term memory has an almost unlimited capacity and a ______.
【单选题】

A.short - term memory

B.relearning

C.needed

D.coded

E.recognition

F.slow forgetting rate

正确答案:F

答案解析:本题有一定难度，需要认真第三段，吃透句意。这一段谈到短期记忆和长期记忆是两个不同的过程，短期记忆遗忘率高，那么换句话说长期记忆遗忘率低，回来看选项，F项slow forgetting rate符合原文句意，是答案。

2、What Do Dreams Tell Us?
Why do we dream? Do dreams have meanings? These are questions which have troubled man for thousands of years. The oldest surviving book on the interpretation of dreams is Egyptian and is nearly 4,000 years old. In ancient Greece, it was thought that people who were ill could be cured by telling their dreams. They would relate their dreams to their doctors who would tell them what they meant and then give them medicine to make them well. The ancient Chinese believed that if a pregnant woman dreamed of a bear, she would have a son, and if she dreamed of a snake, she would have a daughter. There are many stories about dreams foretelling (预言) the future.
We certainly do not now believe that dreams foretell the future. Most scientists believe that dreams are based on events in our own life and on our feelings. The events are usually very recent, mostly within the last two days. Our emotions, on the other hand our wishes, hopes and fears may go back many years, even to early childhood.
In a dream, events are altered. A dream may contain parts of many real-life events. Most importantly, something that cannot be shown directly may be shown indirectly. For example, you might dream of driving a large car. This could mean not that you want to have a larger car, but that you desire power, and maybe you want to control other people. Again, you may dream that you are an actor in a play. The play is about to start, but you have completely forgot your lines. This dream may seem strange because you are not interested in acting, and you never want to be in a play. But the dream may mean that you have some other problem that you feel is too difficult for you to solve.
Psychologists believe that dreams may be helpful to us. Indeed, people who have been allowed to sleep in experiments, but not allowed to dream, have become anxious and restless. And when they are later allowed to sleep as much as they like, they dream more than ever to make us for the lost "dream time".
Paragraph 4 ______.
【单选题】

A.Structure and interpretation of a dream

B.Ancient views on dreams

C.Babies dream less than older children

D.Dreaming may be good for our health

E.Dreams can not foretell the future

F.Healthy people do not dream

正确答案:D

答案解析:第四段主题句为第一句：Psychologists believe that dreams may be helpful to us. 心理学家认为梦对人类是有益的。D选项Dreaming may be good for our health（做梦对我们的健康是有益的）与其意思一致，故D为正确答案。

3、Meet Your Memory
1. Memory is something that cannot be seen, touched or weighed. It is thought to be abstract. It is a set of skills rather than an object. Neither is there a single standard for judging a good or poor memory. There are a number of different ways in which a person may have a good memory.
2. Memory is generally viewed as consisting of three stages: (1) acquisition refers to learning the material; (2) storage refers to keeping the material in the brain until it is needed; (3) retrieval (提取) refers to getting the material back out when it is needed:
3. Memory consists of at least two different processes: short - term memory and long - term memory. Short - term memory has a limited capacity and a rapid forgetting rate. Its capacity can be increased by chunking (组成大块), or grouping separate bits of information into larger chunks. Long - term memory has an almost unlimited capacity.
4. One measure of memory is recall, which requires you to produce information by searching the memory for it. In aided recall, you are given cues (提示) to help you produce the information. In free - recall learning you recall the material in any order. In serial learning you recall it in the order it was presented and in paired - associate learning you learn pairs of words so that when the first word is given you can recall the second word. A second measure of memory is recognition, in which you do not have to produce the information from memory, but must be able to identify it when it is presented to you. In a third measure of memory, relearning, the difference between how long it took to learn the material the first time and how long it takes to learn it again indicates how much you remember. Relearning is generally a more sensitive measure of memory than is recognition because relearning shows retention (保持) while recognition does not. Recognition is generally a more sensitive measure than recall.
Grouping bits of information into larger chunks helps improve the capacity of our ______.
【单选题】

A.short - term memory

B.relearning

C.needed

D.coded

E.recognition

F.slow forgetting rate

正确答案:A

答案解析:本题难度不大，答案依据比较明显，主要在第三段第三句：Its capacity can be increased by chunking…其中，Its capacity指的就是short - term memory的容量，回来看选项，A项short - term memory符合原文句意，是答案。

4、English and English Community
1 There is no doubt that English is a useful language. The people who speak English today make up the largest speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese.
2 A speech community is similar to other kinds of communities. The people who make up the community share a common language. Often they live side by side, as they do in a neighborhood, a village, or a city. More often they form a whole country. National boundaries, however, are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community. A speech community is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live.
3 We may say that anyone who speaks English belongs to the English speech community. For convenience, we may divide the speakers into two groups: one in which the speakers use English as their native language, the other in which the speakers learn English as a second language for the purpose of education, commerce, and so on.
4 Learning a second language extends one's vision and expands the mind. The history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional lives of people and their culture; a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and to feel as they feel. Learning English as a
second language provides another means of communication through which the window of the entire English speech community becomes a part of our heritage.
Paragraph 4____
【单选题】

A.Threat Posed by English

B.Definition ofa Speech Community

C.Benefits ofLeaming a Second Language

D.Advantages of Learning Chinese

E.Two Groups ofthe English Speech Community

F.A Widely Used Language

正确答案:C

答案解析:文章第4段主要讲学习第二语言的益处。

5、What Do Dreams Tell Us?
Why do we dream? Do dreams have meanings? These are questions which have troubled man for thousands of years. The oldest surviving book on the interpretation of dreams is Egyptian and is nearly 4,000 years old. In ancient Greece, it was thought that people who were ill could be cured by telling their dreams. They would relate their dreams to their doctors who would tell them what they meant and then give them medicine to make them well. The ancient Chinese believed that if a pregnant woman dreamed of a bear, she would have a son, and if she dreamed of a snake, she would have a daughter. There are many stories about dreams foretelling (预言) the future.
We certainly do not now believe that dreams foretell the future. Most scientists believe that dreams are based on events in our own life and on our feelings. The events are usually very recent, mostly within the last two days. Our emotions, on the other hand our wishes, hopes and fears may go back many years, even to early childhood.
In a dream, events are altered. A dream may contain parts of many real-life events. Most importantly, something that cannot be shown directly may be shown indirectly. For example, you might dream of driving a large car. This could mean not that you want to have a larger car, but that you desire power, and maybe you want to control other people. Again, you may dream that you are an actor in a play. The play is about to start, but you have completely forgot your lines. This dream may seem strange because you are not interested in acting, and you never want to be in a play. But the dream may mean that you have some other problem that you feel is too difficult for you to solve.
Psychologists believe that dreams may be helpful to us. Indeed, people who have been allowed to sleep in experiments, but not allowed to dream, have become anxious and restless. And when they are later allowed to sleep as much as they like, they dream more than ever to make us for the lost "dream time".
When people are not allowed to dream during sleep, they become ______.
【单选题】

A.power

B.quiet and happy

C.events

D.experiments

E.diseases

F.worried and nervous

正确答案:F

答案解析:根据题干线索词be allowed to dream定位原文至第四段第二句：Indeed, people who have been allowed to sleep in experiments, but not allowed to dream, have become anxious and restless. 题干部分对该句进行了同义改写，由此推断，所需添加成分为句中画线部分。而F选项worried and nervous（紧张不安的）属于对该部分的同义改写，故F为正确答案。