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2020年职称英语考试《理工类》每日一练
帮考网校2020-02-12 13:11
2020年职称英语考试《理工类》每日一练

2020年职称英语考试《理工类》考试共65题,分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编每天为您准备了5道每日一练题目(附答案解析),一步一步陪你备考,每一次练习的成功,都会淋漓尽致的反映在分数上。一起加油前行。


1、Houses of the Future
What will houses be like in thirty years' time? No one really knows, but architects are trying to predict. What will our home be like then?
Future houses will have to be flexible. In thirty years' time even more of us will be working from home. So we will have to be able to use areas of the house for work for part of the day and for living for the rest. Families grow and change with children arriving, growing up and leaving home. The house of the future will have to grow and change with the family. Nothing will be as fixed as it is now. The house will always be changing to meet changing needs.
Everyone agrees that in thirty years' time we will be living in "intelligent" houses. We will be able to talk to our kitchen machines and discuss with them what to do. Like this, "We'll be having a party this weekend. What food shall we cook?" _____. We will be able to leave most of the cooking to the machines, just tasting things from time to time to check.
The house of the future will be personal, each house will be different. You will be able to change the color of the wall easily.You won't have to paint them-you'll be able to tell the wall to change the color! And if you don't like the color the next day, you will be able to have a new one. The only thing you won't be able to do is move the house somewhere else!
【单选题】

A.You will be able to change the color of the wall easily.

B.The only thing you won't be able to do is move the house somewhere else!

C.And the machine will tell us what food we will have to buy and how to cook it.

D.What will our home be like then?

E.The house of the future will have to grow and change with the family.

F.The kids might take their bedrooms with them as they leave.

正确答案:C

答案解析:本题的难度不大,考生只要认真阅读文章,不难确定答案。可用排除法和代入法。本题的上文谈到,未来的房子将智能化,例如我们可以跟厨房电器聊天,问如果要举行一个晚会,该做什么饭菜,下文谈到我们将把做菜的大部分任务交给厨房电器,可以推断此处继续围绕厨房电器来谈,回来看选项,使用排除法和代入法,可以确定C是正确答案。

2、Meet Your Memory
1. Memory is something that cannot be seen, touched or weighed. It is thought to be abstract. It is a set of skills rather than an object. Neither is there a single standard for judging a good or poor memory. There are a number of different ways in which a person may have a good memory.
2. Memory is generally viewed as consisting of three stages: (1) acquisition refers to learning the material; (2) storage refers to keeping the material in the brain until it is needed; (3) retrieval (提取) refers to getting the material back out when it is needed:
3. Memory consists of at least two different processes: short - term memory and long - term memory. Short - term memory has a limited capacity and a rapid forgetting rate. Its capacity can be increased by chunking (组成大块), or grouping separate bits of information into larger chunks. Long - term memory has an almost unlimited capacity.
4. One measure of memory is recall, which requires you to produce information by searching the memory for it. In aided recall, you are given cues (提示) to help you produce the information. In free - recall learning you recall the material in any order. In serial learning you recall it in the order it was presented and in paired - associate learning you learn pairs of words so that when the first word is given you can recall the second word. A second measure of memory is recognition, in which you do not have to produce the information from memory, but must be able to identify it when it is presented to you. In a third measure of memory, relearning, the difference between how long it took to learn the material the first time and how long it takes to learn it again indicates how much you remember. Relearning is generally a more sensitive measure of memory than is recognition because relearning shows retention (保持) while recognition does not. Recognition is generally a more sensitive measure than recall.
As a measure of memory, relearning is more sensitive than ______.
【单选题】

A.short - term memory

B.relearning

C.needed

D.coded

E.recognition

F.slow forgetting rate

正确答案:E

答案解析:本题难度不大,答案依据比较明显,在文章第四段倒数第二句:Relearning is generally a more sensitive measure of memory than is recognition because…谈到作为测试记忆力的方法来说,再学习比识别更灵敏,回来看选项,E项recognition符合原文句意,是答案。

3、Cell Phone Lets Your Secret Out
Your cell phone holds secrets about you. Besides the names and numbers that you've programmed into it, traces of your DNA linger on the device, according to a new study.
DNA is genetic material that appears in every cell. Like your fingerprint, your DNA is unique to you- because you have an identical twin. Scientists today routinely analyze DNA in blood, saliva, or hair left behind at the scene of a crime. The results often help detectives identify criminals and their victims. Your cell phone can reveal more about you than you might think.
Meghan J. McFadden, a scientist at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, heard about a crime in which the suspect bled onto a cell phone and later dropped the device. This made her wonder whether traces of DNA lingered on cell phones even when no blood was involved. So she and colleague Margaret Wallace of the City University of New York analyzed the flip open phones of 10 volunteers. They used swabs to collect invisible traces of the users from two parts of the phone: the outside, where the user holds it, and the speaker, which is placed at the user's ear.
The scientists scrubbed the phones using a solution made mostly ______ alcohol. The aim of washing was to remove all detectable traces of DNA. The owners got their phones back for another week. Then the researchers collected the phones and repeated the swabbing of each phone once more.
The scientists discovered DNA that belonged to the phone's speaker on each of the phones. Better samples were collected from the outside of each phone, those swabs also picked up DNA that belonged to other people who had apparently also handled the phone. Surprisingly, DNA showed up even in swabs that were taken immediately after the phones were scrubbed. That suggests that washing won't remove all traces of evidence from a criminal's device. So cell phones can now be added to the list of clues that can clinch a crime scene investigation.
【单选题】

A.of

B.up

C.on

D.into

正确答案:A

答案解析:be made of是固定搭配,意即:由……制成。a solution made mostly of alcohol:一种主要由酒精制成的溶液。

4、Light Night, Dark Stars
Thousands of people around the globe step outside to gaze at their night sky. On a clear night, with no clouds, moonlight, or artificial lights to block the view, people can see more than 14,000 stars in the sky, says Dennis Ward, an astronomer(天文学家) with the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research( UCAR) in Boulder, Colo. But when people are surrounded by city lights, he says, they're lucky to see 150 stars.
If you've ever driven toward a big city at night and seen its glow from a great distance, you've witnessed light pollution. It occurs when light from streetlights, office buildings, signs, and other sources streams into space and illuminates (照亮) the night sky. This haze (朦胧) of light makes many stars invisible to people on Earth. Even at night, big cities like New York glow from light pollution, making stargazing difficult.
Dust and particles of pollution factories and industries worsen the effects of light pollution. "If one city has a lot more light pollution than another," Ward says, "that city will suffer the effects of light pollution on a much greater scale."
Hazy skies also make it far more difficult for astronomers to do their jobs.
Cities are getting larger. Suburbs are growing in once dark, rural areas. Light from all this new development is increasingly obscuring (使变模糊) the faint (微弱的) light give off by distant stars. And if scientists can't locate these objects, they can't learn more about them.
Light pollution doesn't only affect star visibility. It can harm wild life too. It's clear that artificial light can attract animals, making them go off course. There's increasing evidence, for example, that migrating (迁徙) birds use sunsets and sunrises to help find their way, says Sydney Gauthreaux Jr. , a scientist at Clemson University in South Carolina, "When light occurs at night," he says, "it has a very disruptive (破坏性的) influence." Sometimes birds fly into lighted towers, high - rises, and cables from radio and television towers. Experts estimate that millions of birds die this way every year.
The title "Light Night, Dark Stars" means ______.【单选题】

A.the night sky is brightly lit up and stars are black

B.lights appear at night and stars are seen in the dark

C.city lights at night illuminate stars in the sky

D.city lights illuminate the night sky, making stars invisible

正确答案:D

答案解析:本题有一定难度,需要通读全文,文章谈到人造光源使科学家无法观测到天空星体发出微弱光线,换句话说,夜晚的灯光使星星变暗了,回来看选项,D项符合原文句意,是答案。

5、Better Control of TB Seen if a Faster Cure is Found
The World Health Organization estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis. Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB, usually in their ______. Two million people die of it. The disease has increased with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis.
Current treatments take at least six months. Patients have to take a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop as soon as they feel better. Doing that can lead to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how effective it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard University led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients cured. It would also mean fewer infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others.
The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They tested the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might prevent about twenty-five percent of TB deaths. The model shows that these reductions would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. That is, if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve.
The World Health Organization developed the DOTS program in nineteen ninety. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make sure they continue treatment.
Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research into new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.
【单选题】

A.kidneys

B.lungs

C.bones

D.livers

正确答案:B

答案解析:结核病多发于肺部,这是一般的常识。

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