2025年职称英语考试《卫生类》考试共65题，分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理阅读理解分析5道练习题，附答案解析，供您备考练习。

1、When a disease of epidemic proportions rips into the populace, scientists immediately get to work, trying to locate the source of the affliction ａｎｄ　find ways to combat it. Oftentimes, success is achieved, as medical science is able to isolate the parasite, germ ｏｒcell that causes the problem ａｎｄ　finds ways to effectively kill ｏｒcontain it. In the most serious of cases, in which the entire population of a region ｏｒcountry may be at grave risk, it is deemed necessary to protect the entire population through vaccination, so as to safeguard lives ａｎｄ　ensure that the disease will not spread.The process of vaccination allows the patient\'s body to develop immunity to the virus ｏｒdisease so that, if it is encountered, one can ward it off naturally. To accomplish this, a small weak ｏｒdead strain of the disease is actually injected into the patient in a controlled environment, so that his body\'s immune system can learn to fight the invader properly. Information on how to penetrate the disease\'s defenses is transmitted to all elements of the patient\'s immune system in a process that occurs naturally, in which genetic information is passed from cell to cell. This makes sure that, should the patient later come into contact with the real problem, his body is well equipped ａｎｄ　trained to deal with it, having already done so before.There are dangers inherent in the process, however. On occasion, even the weakened version of the disease contained in the vaccine proves too much fｏｒthe body to handle, resulting in the immune system succumbing, and, therefore, the patient\'s death. Such is the case of the smallpox vaccine, designed to eradicate the smallpox epidemic that nearly wiped out the entire Native American population ａｎｄ　killed massive numbers of settlers. Approximately l in 10,000 people who receives the vaccine contract the smallpox disease from the vaccine itself ａｎｄ　dies from it. Thus, if the entire population of the United States were to receive the Smallpox Vaccine today, 3,000 Americans would be left dead.Fortunately, the smallpox virus was considered eradicated in the early 1970\'s, ending the mandatory vaccination of all babies in America. In the event of a re-introduction of the disease, however, mandatory vaccinations may resume, resulting in more unexpected deaths from vaccination. The process, which is truly a mixed blessing, may indeed hide some hidden curses.Which of the following is true according to the text?【单选题】

A.Saving the majority would necessarily justify the death of the minority.

B.The immune system can be trained to fight weaker versions of a disease.

C.Mandatory vaccinations are indispensable to the survival of the populace.

D.The process of vaccination remains a mystery to be further resolved.

正确答案:B

答案解析:细节考查题。本文的中心讲的是免疫系统可以得到特殊的训练以应对较弱的疾病。选项B的内容与此相符合，故正确答案为B。其他三个选项都不能说明原文的含义。

2、The motorcarSome pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned ａｎｄ　allowed to rust. Other authorities, however, think the auto is here to stay. They hold that the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the foreseeable future.The motorcar will undoubtedly. change significantly over the next 30 years. It should become smaller, safer, ａｎｄ　more economical, ａｎｄ　should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present types.Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion. One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system.When the auto enters the highway system, a retractable (可伸缩的) arm will ｄｒｅｐfrom the auto ａｎｄ　make contact with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically. Once attached to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, ａｎｄ　control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. The computer will then monitｏｒall of the car\'s movements.The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system. The computer will calculate the best route, ａｎｄ　reserve space fｏｒthe car all the way to the correct exit from the highway. The driver will then be free to relax ａｎｄ　wait fｏｒthe buzzer (蜂鸣器) that will warn him of his coming exit. It is estimated that an automated highway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway.One significant improvement in the future car will probably be ____.【单选题】

A.its power source

B.its driving system

C.its monitoring system

D.its seating capacity

正确答案:C

答案解析:从本题的题干来看，未来汽车比较显著的一种变化应该是不同一般的，也应该是文章所着重要介绍的。文章大部分篇幅所介绍的是未来监控系统，所以本题答案应该是C。

3、Human Heart Can Make New CellsSolving a longstanding mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues to generate new cardiac cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows with age. The finding, published in the April 3 issue of Science, could open a new path fｏｒthe treatment of heart diseases such as heart failure ａｎｄ　heart attack, experts say. "We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes, are renewed," said lead researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen, a professｏｒof stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. "It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we are born with ｏｒif they could be renewed," he said. The process of renewing these cells changes over time, Frisen added. In a 20-year-old, about 1 percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year, but the turnover rate decreases with age to only 0. 45 percent by age 75, "If we can understａｎｄ　how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated, it may be potentially possible to develop pharmaceuticals that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after fｏｒexample, a heart attack, "Frisen said. That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts. A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure," noted co-authｏｒDr. Ratan Bhardwaj. Ratan Bhardwaj, also from the Karolinska Institute. "Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying," he said. With this finding, scientists are "opening the doｏｒto potential therapies to having ourselves heal ourselves," Bhardwaj said. "Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that would make heart cells make new ａｎｄ　more cells to overcome the problem they are facing. " But barriers remain. According to Bhardwaj, scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off, especially in older patients with heart failure. In addition, the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts-whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown.The finding could prove to be useful to ____.【单选题】

A.the analysis of cardiac cells

B.the prevention of chronic diseases

C.the treatment of heart disease

D.the study of longstanding mysteries

正确答案:C

答案解析:根据是第二段中：The finding，…，could open a new path fｏｒthe treatment of heart diseases这一研究成果将为心脏病的医治开拓新的途径。

4、Egypt Felled by Famine Even ancient Egypt\'s mighty pyramid builders were powerless in the face of the famine that helped bring down their civilization around 2180 BC. Now evidence gleaned from mud deposited by the River Nile suggests that a shift in climate thousands of kilometers to the south was ultimately to blame ａｎｄ　the same ｏｒworse could happen today. The ancient Egyptians depended on the Nile\'s annual floods to irrigate their crops. But any change in climate that pushed the African monsoons southwards out of Ethiopia would have diminished these floods. Dwindling rains in the Ethiopian highlands would have meant fewer plants to stablize the soil. When rain did fall it would have washed large amounts of soil into the Blue Nile ａｎｄ　into Egypt, along with sediment from the White Nile. The Blue Nile mud has a different isotope signature from that of the White Nile. So by analyzing isotope differences in mud deposited in the Nile Delta, Michael Krom of Leeds University worked out what proportion of sediment came from each branch of the river. Krom reasons that during periods of drought, the amount of the Blue Nile mud in the river would be relatively high. He found that one of these periods, from 4,500 to 4,200 years ago, immediately predates the fall of the Egypt\'s Old Kingdom. The weakened waters would have been catastrophic fｏｒthe Egyptians. " Changes that affect food supply don\'t have to be very large to have a ripple effect in societies," says Bill Ryan of the Lamont Doberty Earth Observatory in New York. "Similar events today could be even more devastating," says team member Daniel Stanley, a geoarchaeologist from the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D C. " Anything humans do to shift the climate belts would have an even worse effect along the Nile system today because the populations have increased dramatically. " Why does the authｏｒmention "pyramid builders " ? 【单选题】

A.Because they once worked miracles.

B.Because they were well-built.

C.Because they were actually very weak.

D.Because even they were unable to rescue their civilization.

正确答案:D

答案解析: D：甚至是他们也不能挽救他们的文明。因此D是正确的答案。A：他们曾创造过奇迹。B:他们很强壮。C：他们其实很弱。

5、Driving after drinkingThe legal ｌｉｍｉｔfｏｒdriving after drinking alcohol is 80 milligrams of alcohol in 100 millilitres of blood, when tested. But there is no sure way of telling how much you can drink before you reach this limit. It varies with each person depending on your weight, your sex, what you\'ve just eaten ａｎｄ　what sort of drinks you\'ve had. Some people might reach their ｌｉｍｉｔafter only about three standard drinks.In fact, your driving ability can be affected by just one ｏｒtwo drinks. Even if you\'re below the legal limit, you could still be taken to court if a police officer thinks your driving has been affected by alcohol.It takes about an hour fｏｒthe body to get rid of the alcohol in one standard drink. So, if you have a heavy drinking in the evening you might find that your driving ability is still affected the next morning, ｏｒyou could even find that you\'re still over the legal limit. In addition, if you\'ve had a few drinks at lunchtime, another one ｏｒtwo drinks in the early evening may well put you over the legal limit.In a test with professional drivers, the more alcoholic drinks they had had, the more certain they were that they could drive a test course through a ｓｅｔof movable posts…ａｎｄ　the less able they were to do it! So the only way to be sure you\'re safe is not to drink at all.Alcohol is a majｏｒcause of road traffic accidents. One in three of the drivers killed in road accidents have levels of alcohol which are over the legal limit, ａｎｄ　road accidents after drinking are the biggest cause of death among young men. More than half of the people stopped by the police to take a breath test have a blood alcohol concentration of more than twice the legal limit.It is important to remember that driving after you\'ve been drinking doesn\'t just affect you. If you\'re involved in an accident it affects a lot of other people as well, not least the person you might kill ｏｒinjure.The amount of alcohol a driver can drink within the legal ｌｉｍｉｔis____.【单选题】

A.about 80mg of pure alcohol

B.about three standard drinks

C.in proportion to his weight

D.varying with different people

正确答案:D

答案解析:细节考查题。答案参见第一段，酒后驾车的法律限制是测试时每100毫升血液中含80毫克酒精，但是喝多少酒会达到这种限制因人而异。故正确答案为D。