2025年职称英语考试《理工类》考试共65题，分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理阅读理解分析5道练习题，附答案解析，供您备考练习。

1、BudgetA budget is a spending plan. It can help you spend money wisely. It can do this by cutting out wasteful spending. Of course, preparing a budget takes planning, ａｎｄ　following a budget takes will power. Your budget should meet your family\'s needs ａｎｄ　income. The first step in creating a budget is to ｓｅｔyour goals. What does your family need ａｎｄ　wants. You must know this to work out the details of the budget. Keep goals realistic, in terms of income available. Then decide which goals are the most important. The next step is estimating family income. Before you can plan wisely, you need to know how much money you have to spend! Write down all the money you expect to receive (wages, savings, interest, etc.) during the planned budget period. After you have calculated how much money will be available, it is time to estimate expenses. List all of your family expenses. If you are not satisfied with what you got fｏｒyour money, look carefully at your spending. Studying your records will show where overspending has occurred. It will also point out poｏｒbuying habits. It is also a good idea to ｓｅｔaside a small amount of money fｏｒemergencies. Every family has small emergencies: a blown tire, a broken device, ｏｒthe need fｏｒminｏｒmedical care. The writer suggests that it is a good idea to ｓｅｔaside some money because____. 【单选题】

A.you probably will not be able to follow your budget

B.people usually spend more than they plan to do

C.things can happen unexpectedly

D.others may want to borrow some money from you

正确答案:C

答案解析:从原文最后的“It is also a good idea to ｓｅｔaside a small amount of money fｏｒemergencies. Every family has small emergencies”可以知道，每个家庭都会有一些意外情况发生，所以有必要准备一小笔资金作为备用金。

2、Genetically Modified FoodEuropean ｕｎｉｏｎenvironmental officials have determined that two kinds of genetically modified corn could harm butterflies, affect food chains ａｎｄ　disturb life in rivers ａｎｄ　streams, ａｎｄ　they have proposed a ban on the sale of the seeds, which are made by Dupont Pioneer, Dow Agrosciences ａｎｄ　Syngenta. The preliminary decisions are circulating within the European Commission, which has the final say. Some officials there are skeptical of a ban that would upｓｅｔthe powerful biotechnology industry ａｎｄ　could exacerbate tensions with important trading partners like the United States. The seeds are not available on the European market fｏｒcultivation.In the decisions, the environment commissioner, Stavros Dimas, contends that the genetically modified corn, ｏｒmaize could affect certain butterfly species, specifically the monarch, ａｎｄ　other beneficial insects. Fｏｒinstance, research this year indicates that larvae of the monarch butterfly exposed to the genetically modified corn "behave differently than other larvae." In the decision concerning the corn seeds produced by Dow ａｎｄ　Pioneer, Mr. Dimas calls "potential damage on the environment irreversible." In the decision on Syngenta\'s corn, he says that "the level of risk generated by the cultivation of this product fｏｒthe environment is unacceptable."A decision by the European ｕｎｉｏｎto bar cultivation of the genetically modified crops would be the first of its kind in the trade bloc, ａｎｄ　would intensify the continuing battle over genetically modified corn. Banning the applications fｏｒcorn crops also would mark a bold new step fｏｒEuropean environmental authorities, who are already aggressively pursuing regulations on emissions from cars ａｎｄ　aircraft, setting it at odds with the United States ａｎｄ　angering industries."These products have been grown in the U. S. ａｎｄ　other countries fｏｒyears," said Stephen Norton, a spokesman fｏｒthe United States trade representative. "We are not aware of any other case when a product has been rejected after having been reviewed ａｎｄ　determined safe by European food safety authorities," he said.Barbara Helfferich, a spokeswoman fｏｒMr. Dimas, declined to comment on the specifics of the procedure because commissioners had not yet made a final decision. But she said that the European ｕｎｉｏｎwas within its rights to make decisions based on the "precautionary principle" even when scientists had found no definitive evidence proving products can cause harm. She said that the decisions by Mr. Dimas could go before the commission within a few weeks, but she said that no date had been set. In the decisions, Mr. Dimas cited recent research showing that consumption of genetically modified corn byproducts reduced growth ａｎｄ　increased mortality of non-target stream insects ａｎｄ　that these insects are important prey fｏｒaquatic ａｎｄ　riparian predators ａｎｄ　that this could have unexpected ecosystem-scale consequences."Although still preliminary, his decisions could drastically tilt the policy against future approvals of genetically modified crops," said Nathalie Moll, a spokeswoman fｏｒEuropabio, an industryｇｒｏｕｐwith 80 members including Syngenta, Pioneer ａｎｄ　Dow. Europabio says that the crops grown using the genetically modified corn are already imported into several European countries, including France ａｎｄ　Germany, where they are used to feed animals like cows ａｎｄ　chickens.Rob Gianfranceschi, spokesman at the United States mission to the European ｕｎｉｏｎin Brussels, said it was too early to comment on a decision that had not yet been formalized. But he made clear that the United States remained frustrated with European policies on genetically modified crops.To the decisions, the European Commission officials\' attitudes are ______.【单选题】

A.skeptical

B.controversial

C.contradictory

D.divergent

正确答案:D

答案解析:态度题。题干考查的是欧洲委员会官员对于这些决议的态度。文中表示一些官员对禁令表示怀疑，主要害怕禁令会影响外交关系；而一些官员表示支持，可见这些官员所持的态度是有分歧的。考生可能会受到选项B的干扰，比较看来，选项D更为精确。

3、HalloweenHalloween is an autumn holiday that Americans celebrate every year. It means "holy evening", ａｎｄ　it comes every October 31, the evening before All-Saints Day. It used to be thought the most wonderful night of the year. It was the night when witches ａｎｄ　evil spirits came back on earth. People kept up many strange old customs in an effort to keep these evil things away. Farmers used to light big fires in their fields, ａｎｄ　the farm workers ａｎｄ　their families would walk around the fields singing old songs. Sometimes they would stop to hear the local priest offer prayers to the good spirits, ａｎｄ　ask them to help keep the evil ones away. Great care was taken that none of the farm animals were left in the fields. They would all be locked up safely in their stables, ａｎｄ　over each of the stable doors a few rowan leaves would be hung. Witches ａｎｄ　evil spirits would not go anywhere near the rowan tree. In more recent times, Halloween has become a time fｏｒthe parties, when children dress up as witches ａｎｄ　play all kinds of special games. After the games there is often a big supper with plenty of pumpkin pie, cakes ａｎｄ　a lot of other delicious things to eat. But fｏｒthe most part the children enjoy the fun of dressing up ａｎｄ　playing their favorite game of "Trick ｏｒTreat". They run down each street knocking on the doors crying loudly "Trick ｏｒTreat! Money ｏｒeat!", ａｎｄ　most people have some sweets ｏｒmoney ready to give them. Those that do not can expect maybe to have a tyre flattened, ｏｒtheir windows covered in soap. ｏｒthe children may just knock on the doｏｒａｎｄ　run away. Some children think of other people on Halloween. They carry boxes fｏｒUNICEF (The United Nations International Children\'s Emergency Fund). They ask fｏｒmoney to help poｏｒchildren all around the world. Of course, every time they help UNICEF, they usually receive a treat fｏｒthemselves, too. Every autumn, when the vegetables are ready to eat, children pick large orange pumpkins. Then they cut faces in the pumpkins ａｎｄ　put lights inside. It looks like there is a person looking out of the pumpkin! These lights are called jack-o\'-lanterns, which means "Jack of the lantern". But in this modern age many of the pumpkins are being replaced with plastic electric ones that can be brought out each year. What did priests do on Halloween?【单选题】

A.They helped farmers light fires ａｎｄ　sang songs.

B.They prayed to the good spirits ａｎｄ　asked them to help keep the evil ones away.

C.They took care of farm animals fｏｒfarmers.

D.They played games with children.

正确答案:B

答案解析:由第1段最后一句可知，有时农夫停下去听当地牧师向天使精灵作祷告，请求他们帮助赶走邪恶精灵。因此选B。

4、Strike in MTV NetworksScores of workers from MTV Networks walked off the job yesterday afternoon, filling the sidewalk outside the headquarters of its corporate parent, Viacom, to protest recent changes in benefits. The walkout highlighted the concerns of a category of workers who are sometimes called permalancers： permanent freelancers who work like full-time employees but do not receive the same benefits.Waving signs that read "Shame on Viacom", the workers, most of them in their 20s, demanded that MTV Networks reverse a plan to reduce health ａｎｄ　dental benefits fｏｒfreelancers beginning Jan. 1. In a statement, MTV Networks noted that its benefits program fｏｒfull-time employees had also undergone changes, ａｎｄ　it emphasized that the plan fｏｒfreelancers was still highly competitive within the industry. Many freelancers receive no corporate benefits. But some of the protesters asserted that corporations were competing to see which could provide the most mediocre health care coverage. Matthew Yonda, who works at Nickelodeon, held a sign that labeled the network "Sick-elodeon". "I\'ve worked here every day fｏｒthree years-I\'m not a freelancer," Mr. Yonda said. "They just call us freelancers in ｏｒｃｅｒto bar us from getting the same benefits as employees."The changes to the benefits package were announced last Tuesday. Freelancers were told that they would become eligible fｏｒbenefits after 160 days of work, beginning in January. While that eased previous eligibility rules, which required freelancers to work fｏｒ52 weeks before becoming eligible, it would have required all freelancers not yet eligible fｏｒbenefits to start the waiting period over again on Jan. 1. The 401 (k) plan was also removed On Thursday, acknowledging the complaints, MTV Networks reinstated the 401 (k) plan ａｎｄ　said freelancers who had worked consistently since March would be eligible.Fueled by a series of blog posts on the media web site Gawker-the first post was headlined "The Viacom Permalance Slave System" -a loose cohort of freelancers created protest stickers ａｎｄ　distributed walkout fliers last week. Caroline O\'Hare, a unit manager who has worked fｏｒMTV fｏｒmore than two years, said the new health care plan-with higher deductibles ａｎｄ　a $ 2,000 cap on hospital expenses each year-had provoked outrage. "They think they can treat us like children that don\'t have families, mortgages ｏｒdreams of retirement," she said.Outside Viacom\'s headquarters, several workers held posters with the words, "There\'s too many of us to ignore." It was unclear how many freelancers are on the company\'s payroll; an MTV Networks spokeswoman said the figure was not known because it rises ａｎｄ　falls throughout the year. The company has 5,500 full-time employees, excluding freelancers, around the world.Two freelancers ａｎｄ　one full-time employee, who asked not to be identified fｏｒfear of retribution, estimated that the percentage of freelancers in some departments exceeded 75 percent. Another labｏｒaction is expected to take place outside Viacom later this week. Members of the Writers Guild of America, who have been on strike fｏｒfive weeks, are expected to picket there on Thursday.Which one of the following statements is NOT true of MTV Networks\' new benefits plan fｏｒfreelancers?【单选题】

A.Its benefits plan fｏｒfreelancers is highly competitive in the industry.

B.Its freelancers cannot receive the same benefits as the full-time employees.

C.The freelancers who are not eligible fｏｒbenefits should start the waiting period over again on Jan. 1.

D.The freelancers are against the new plan which substantially but their benefit.

正确答案:C

答案解析:细节考查题。题干考查的是与新福利方案不符的一项。只有选项C符合题意，故正确答案为C。

5、AirbusDespite bulging ｏｒｃｅｒbooks, the mood at Airbus ａｎｄ　Boeing is far from celebratory. Both aviation giants are moaning loudly that their production systems ａｎｄ　supply chains are flawed, albeit fｏｒostensibly different reasons. This week Louis Gallois, the boss of EADS, the Franco-German aerospace consortium that owns Airbus, added substance to warnings a week earlier by the planemaker’s chief executive, Tom Enders, that the dollar\'s decline was "life-threatening" fｏｒthe firm. Mr. Gallois said it was no longer just a possibility that Airbus would have to move a large part of its production to "the dollar zone" ｏｒlow-cost countries, but a certainty.Airbus is already in the middle of Power 8, a big restructuring plan that involves the loss of 10,000 jobs ａｎｄ　the sale of several plants, which is meant to offｓｅｔthe losses caused by the delays in delivering the A380 superjumbo. But Power 8 assumed that a euro was worth $ 1.35, not today\'s $ 1.47. Mr. Gallois estimates that each 10-cent rise in the euro costs Airbus 1 billion. At present, Airbus makes 76% of its purchases within Europe, but generates over 60% of its sales elsewhere. It must now shift some production abroad.Airbus is now likely to forge ahead much further. Mr. Gallois suggests that when the A350 enters service in 2013, 70% of it will have been "purchased" in dollars, against 50% fｏｒthe A380 ａｎｄ　an average 24% of Airbus production today. Because Airbus insists that some of its European suppliers price in dollars that means about 50% of the A350\'s production will be outsourced. New aircraft, such as the A320\'s successor, may be made almost entirely outside the euro-zone.Airbus maintains that exchange rates are not the only reason fｏｒoutsourcing: it is keen to tap into composite-manufacturing expertise wherever it exists. It also insists that it will not repeat the mistakes Boeing has made with its new 787 Dreamliner, about 80% of which has been outsourced. A few weeks ago Mike Bair, the executive responsible fｏｒthe 787 programme, who was recently moved sideways after mounting production delays, launched a withering attack on some of the companies recruited to build the plane. He said that in future Boeing would not entrust design work to partners who "proved incapable of doing it", ａｎｄ　would make suppliers build factories close to Boeing\'s main assembly operation, rather than flying semi-finished sections of the aircraft round the world on huge Dreamlifter transporters.It is too early to conclude that the two rivals are heading in opposite directions- Boeing renouncing the global supply chain just as Airbus adopts it. Each company has its own axe to grind. Airbus needs greater flexibility, ａｎｄ　the weak dollar provides helpful cover as it takes on its grumbling unions. Boeing, fｏｒits part, wants to shift the blame fｏｒdelays to the 787 on to its partners. The logic of global outsourcing in the aerospace industry remains powerful. Whatever they may be saying now. Airbus ａｎｄ　Boeing are more likely to converge than to diverge.The lesson Airbus learns from Boeing\'s case of 787 Dreamliner is ______.【单选题】

A.it should not adopt outsourcing at all given its uncertainty ａｎｄ　insecurity

B.it should not cooperate with partners in designing

C.it should not waste time in flying the semi-finished sections of the aircraft

D.it should make use of the local manufacturing expertise instead of international partners

正确答案:D

答案解析:细节考查题。题干考查的是从波音787“梦之机”事件中空中客车得到的教训是什么。答案参见第四段：空中客车指出要海外采购的另外一方面原因是如果当地有制造技术那么就直接运用该技术，故正确答案为D。