2024年职称英语考试《理工类》考试共65题，分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理精选模拟习题10道，附答案解析，供您考前自测提升！

1、English ａｎｄ　English Community1 There is no doubt that English is a useful language. The people who speak English today make up the largest speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese. 2 A speech community is similar to other kinds of communities. The people who make up the community share a common language. Often they live side by side, as they do in a neighborhood, a village, ｏｒa city. More often they form a whole country. National boundaries, however, are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community. A speech community is anyｇｒｏｕｐof people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live. 3 We may say that anyone who speaks English belongs to the English speech community. Fｏｒconvenience, we may divide the speakers into two groups: one in which the speakers use English as their native language, the other in which the speakers learn English as a second language fｏｒthe purpose of education, commerce, ａｎｄ　so on. 4 Learning a second language extends one\'s vision ａｎｄ　expands the mind. The history ａｎｄ　literature of a second language record the real ａｎｄ　fictional lives of people ａｎｄ　their culture; a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understａｎｄ　ａｎｄ　to feel as they feel. Learning English as asecond language provides another means of communication through which the window of the entire English speech community becomes a part of our heritage. People who live in different places may belong to____. 【单选题】

A.a second language

B.the same language

C.the same speech community

D.any other language

E.national boundaries

F.a part ofone\'s heritage

正确答案:C

答案解析:从文章第2段可知，居住在不同地区的人们有可能同属一个speech community。

2、Arctic MeltEarth\'s North ａｎｄ　South Poles are famous fｏｒbeing cold ａｎｄ　icy. Last year, however, the amount of ice in the Arctic Ocean (北冰群) fell to a record low.Normally, ice builds in Arctic waters around the North Pole each winter ａｎｄ　shrinks(缩小) during the summer. But fｏｒmany years, the amount of ice left by the end of summer has been declining.Since 1979, each decade has seen an 11.4 percent ｄｒｅｐin end of summer ice cover. Between 1981 ａｎｄ　2000, ice in the Arctic lost 22 percent of its thickness, becoming 1.13 meters thinner.Last summer, Arctic sea ice reached its thinnest levels. By the end of summer 2007, the ice had shrunk to cover just 4.2 million square kilometers. That\'s 38 percent less area than the average cover at that time of year. ａｎｄ　it\'s a very large 23 percent below the previous record low, which was ｓｅｔjust 2 years ago. This continuing trend has made scientists concerned to.There may be several reasons fｏｒthe ice melt, says Jinlun Zhang, an oceanographer (海洋学家)at the University of Washington in Seattle. Unusually strong winds blew through the Arctic last summer. The winds pushed much of the ice out of the central Arctic, leaving a large area of thin ice ａｎｄ　open water.Scientists also suspect that fewer clouds cover the Arctic now than in the past. Clearer skies allow more sunlight to reach the ocean. The extra heat warms both the water ａｎｄ　the atmosphere. In parts of the Arctic Ocean last year, surface temperatures were 3.57 Celsius warmer than the average ａｎｄ　1.5c warmer than the previous record.With both air ａｎｄ　water getting warmer, the ice is melting from both above ａｎｄ　below. In some parts of the Beaufort Sea, north of Alaska ａｎｄ　western Canada, ice that measured 3.3 meters thick at the beginning of the summer was measured just 50 cm by season\'s endThe new measurements suggest that melting is far more severe than the thinking of scientists. Some scientists fear that the Arctic is stuck in a warming trend.The Beaufort Sea mentioned in paragraph 7 is an example to show ______.【单选题】

A.how accurate the new measurements are

B.how thick the ice is in it

C.how serious the problem of the ice melt in the Arctic is

D.how dangerous it is to travel to it

正确答案:C

答案解析:本题难度不大，答案依据比较明显，文章第七段和第八段谈到，夏天冰层以超出科学家预料的速度迅速融化，答案是C。

3、A number of theories have been proposed to explain the situation.【单选题】

A.suggested

B.tested

C.used

D.announced

正确答案:A

答案解析:有多种理论被建议用来解释目前形势。本题难度不大，干扰项干扰性不大，propose和suggest都有“建议”的意思，最佳答案是A。

4、Light Night, Dark StarsThousands of people around the globe step outside to gaze at their night sky. On a clear night, with no clouds, moonlight, ｏｒartificial lights to block the view, people can see more than 14,000 stars in the sky, says Dennis Ward, an astronomer(天文学家) with the University Corporation fｏｒAtmospheric Research( UCAR) in Boulder, Colo. But when people are surrounded by city lights, he says, they\'re lucky to see 150 stars.If you\'ve ever driven toward a big city at night ａｎｄ　seen its glow from a great distance, you\'ve witnessed light pollution. It occurs when light from streetlights, office buildings, signs, ａｎｄ　other sources streams into space ａｎｄ　illuminates (照亮) the night sky. This haze (朦胧) of light makes many stars invisible to people on Earth. Even at night, big cities like New York glow from light pollution, making stargazing difficult.Dust ａｎｄ　particles of pollution factories ａｎｄ　industries worsen the effects of light pollution. "If one city has a lot more light pollution than another," Ward says, "that city will suffer the effects of light pollution on a much greater scale."Hazy skies also make it far more difficult fｏｒastronomers to do their jobs.Cities are getting larger. Suburbs are growing in once dark, rural areas. Light from all this new development is increasingly obscuring (使变模糊) the faint (微弱的) light give off by distant stars. ａｎｄ　if scientists can\'t locate these objects, they can\'t learn more about them.Light pollution doesn\'t only affect star visibility. It can harm wild life too. It\'s clear that artificial light can attract animals, making them go off course. There\'s increasing evidence, fｏｒexample, that migrating (迁徙) birds use sunsets ａｎｄ　sunrises to help find their way, says Sydney Gauthreaux Jr. , a scientist at Clemson University in South Carolina, "When light occurs at night," he says, "it has a very disruptive (破坏性的) influence." Sometimes birds fly into lighted towers, high - rises, ａｎｄ　cables from radio ａｎｄ　television towers. Experts estimate that millions of birds die this way every year.How does light pollution affect wildlife? ______【单选题】

A.Animals may go off course.

B.It helps migrating birds find their homes.

C.Animals are afraid to go out after sunset.

D.It helps birds fall asleep.

正确答案:A

答案解析:本题难度不大，答案依据比较明显，在文章第六段第三句，这句话谈到，人造光源会误导动物，造成动物偏离飞行路线，回来看选项，A项符合原文句意，是答案。

5、Don\'t Rely on Plankton to Save the PlanetEncouraging plankton growth in the ocean has been touted by some as a promising way to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Its opponents fear that will damage the marine ecosystem, ａｎｄ　now a computer model shows that the trick would also be remarkably inefficient.Adding iron to patched of ocean can make plankton bloom temporarily. The microscopic organisms suck up dissolved carbon dioxide from the water, which in turn is replaced by carbon dioxide from the air. ______Jorge Sarmiento from Princeton ａｎｄ　his colleagues developed a complex computer model to analyze how factors such as ocean chemistry ａｎｄ　water circulation would affect the process if 160,000 square kilometers of ocean were seeded with iron fｏｒa month. They found that 100 years later only between 2 ａｎｄ　13 percent of the extra carbon that was originally taken up plankton had actually been removed from the atmosphere.In their scenario, which covers an area 10 times as big as the largest experiment of this kind ever proposed, fertilizing the ocean removes 1 million tons of carbon from the atmosphere just 0.2 percent of the carbon dioxide humankind spews out each month. Rough estimates in the past have predicted similarly disappointing results."These are newer ａｎｄ　better models," says Sallie Chisholm, an environmental engineer from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology."Butthe take-home message is the same. Ocean fertilization is not the answer to global warming."【单选题】

A.Its opponents argue, however, that it will stop global warming.

B.Its opponents fear that will damage the marine ecosystem, ａｎｄ　now a computer model shows that the trick would also be remarkably inefficient.

C.As plankton die ａｎｄ　settle on the ocean floor, their carbon is supposedly locked up in the seabed.

D.They found that 100 years later only between 2 ａｎｄ　12 percent of the extra carbon that was originally taken up plankton had actually been removed from the atmosphere.

E."These are newer ａｎｄ　better models,"

F.Ocean fertilization is not the answer to global warming.

正确答案:C

答案解析:空白前句句意：微小生物体在水中吸收溶解的二氧化碳，而水中被吸收的二氧化碳又会被空气中的二氧化碳所替代。

6、Lakes, Too, Feel Global WarmingThere\'s no doubt, In the last few decades, the average temperature on Earth has been higher than it has been in hundreds of years. Around the world, people are starting to measure the effects of global warming ａｎｄ　trying to figure out what to do about it.Scientist recently used satellites to study the temperatures of lakes around the world ａｎｄ　they found that lakes are heating up. Between 1985 ａｎｄ　2009, satellites recorded the night time temperatures of the surfaces of 167 lakes. During those 24 years, the lakes got warmer by an average of about 0.045 degree Celsius per year.In some places, lakes have been warming by as much as 0.10 degree Celsius per year. At that rate, a lake may warm by a full degree Celsius in just 10 years. That difference may seem small you might not even notice it in your bath. But in a lake, slightly warmer temperatures could mean more algae (水藻) ａｎｄ　algae can make the lake poisonous to fish.The study shows that in some regions, lakes are warming faster than the air around them. This is important because scientists often use measurements of air temperature to study how Earth is warming. By using lake temperatures as well, scientists can get a better picture of global warming. The scientists say data on lakes give scientists a new way to measure the impact of climate change around the world.That\'s going to be useful, since no matter the country is too big ｏｒtoo small can\'t ignore climate changes. Scientists aren\'t the only ones concerned. Everyone who lives on Earth is going to be affected by the rapid warming of the planet. Many world leaders believe we might be able to do something about it, especially by reducing the amount of greenhouse(温室) gases we put into the air.That\'s why the United Nations started the Framework Convention on Climate Change, ｏｒUNFCCC. Every year the convention meets, ａｎｄ　representatives from countries around the world gather to talk about climate change ａｎｄ　discuss global solutions to the challenges of a warming world.The temperatures of lakes around the world have increased greatly between 1985 - 2009.【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

正确答案:B

答案解析:本题难度不大，答案依据比较明显，在文章第二段第三句：During those 24 years, the lakes got warmer-by an average of about 0.045 degree Celsius per year.很明显，每年湖水的温度平均才上升0. 045度，题干却说have increased greatly，和原文句意明显不符，答案是B。

7、One Good Reason to Let Smallpox LiveIt\'s now a fair bet that we will never see the total extinction (灭绝) of the smallpox (天花) virus. When smallpox was completely got rid of in the world, scientists wanted to destroy the killer virus in the last two labs, one in the US ａｎｄ　one in Russia. They asked: If smallpox has truly gone from the planet, what point was there in keeping these reserves?In reality, of course, it was naive to imagine that everyone would let go of such a powerful potential weapon. Undoubtedly several nations still have a few vials (小药瓶). ａｎｄ　the last "official" stocks of live Virus bred mistrust of the US ａｎｄ　Russia, fｏｒno obvious gain.Now American researchers have found an animal model of the human disease, opening the way fｏｒtests on new treatments ａｎｄ　vaccines(疫苗). So once again there\'s a good reason to the virus, just in keep the disease puts in a reappearance.How do we _____ with the mistrust of the US ａｎｄ　Russia? deal. Keep the virus Simple international support in a well - guarded UN laboratory that\'s open to all countries. The US will object, of course, just as it with a multilateral (多边的) approach to just about everything. But it doesn\'t mean the idea is rejects. If the virus is useful, then let\'s wrong it the servant of all humanity make not just a part of it.【单选题】

A.need

B.time

C.fact

D.case

正确答案:D

答案解析:本题有一定难度，考查in case的用法，in case指“以免，以防”，文章此处是说“……以免这种病毒卷土重来”，答案是D。

8、There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a record.【单选题】

A.beats

B.maintains

C.matches

D.tries

正确答案:A

答案解析:运动员在奥运会上打破记录时总让人兴奋。本题有一定难度，考查的是引申意义，beat的基本意义是“击打”，引申意义有“打破记录”的意思，和break是近义词，其他选项都是常用词汇，和答案意义差异大，最佳答案是A。

9、The test produced disappointing results.【单选题】

A.unsatisfactory

B.indirect

C.similar

D.positive

正确答案:A

答案解析:实验结果令人失望。本题难度不大，也是送分题，可以确认disappointing和unsatisfactory都是“失望的，让人不满意的”意思，所以最佳答案是A。

10、Stress Lessen CourseDoreen Sykora is now a juniｏｒat McGill University. She had a difficult time when she first began college. She said, "I was always well prepared fｏｒmy examinations. But I would go in to class to take the exam, ａｎｄ　I would fall apart. I could not answer the questions correctly-even though I knew the answers! I would just blank out because of nervousness ａｎｄ　fear". Histoshi Sakamoto, an anthropology student at Temple University in Tokyo reports similar experiences. These two young students were experiencing something called test anxiety. Because when a student worries ａｎｄ　is stressed about a test, his ｏｒher mind does not work as well as it usually does. The student cannot write ｏｒthink clearly because of the severe tension ａｎｄ　nervousness. Now there are special university courses to help students. In these courses, advisors ａｎｄ　psychologists try to help students by teaching them to manage test anxiety. Such a course helps students learn to live with stress ａｎｄ　not fail because of it. First students take a practice test to measure their worry level. If the tests show that their stress level is high, the students can take a short course to manage the fear. These courses teach students how to relax their bodies. They get training to become calm in very tense situations. By controlling their nervousness, they can let their minds work more easily. Learned information then comes out without difficulty on a test. Doreen Sykora saw immediate results after taking such a course. She now has enthusiasm about the relaxation methods. "Mostly, what I do is imagine myself in a very calm place. Then I imagine myself picking up a pencil. I move slowly ａｎｄ　carefully. I breathe easily ａｎｄ　let all the tension out. With each breath, more worry leaves me. It really works too. My grades have improved greatly! I\'m really doing well at McGill now. This relaxation method works not only on examinations, but it has improved the rest of my life as well". FｏｒHistoshi in Tokyo, the results were much the same. He is enjoying school a lot more ａｎｄ　learning more. What\'s the organization of the passage?【单选题】

A.Examples-theories-ideas.

B.Problem-strategy-result.

C.General statement-examples-result.

D.Strategy-experiment-examples.

正确答案:B

答案解析:第1段提出了两个同学的问题，接下来学校有了这样帮助学生的课程，最后讲了帮助的效果。因此选B。