2024年职称英语考试《理工类》考试共65题，分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理精选模拟习题10道，附答案解析，供您考前自测提升！

1、Singing Alarms Could Save the BlindIf you cannot see, you may not be able to find your way out of a burning building ａｎｄ　that could be fatal. A company in Leeds could change all that with directional sound alarms capable of guiding you to the exit. Sound Alert, a company run by the University of Leeds, is installing the alarms in a residential home fｏｒblind people in Sommerｓｅｔａｎｄ　a resource centre fｏｒthe blind in Columbia. The alarms produce a wide range of frequencies that enable the brain to determine where the sound is coming from. Deborah Withington of Sound Alert says that the alarms use most of the frequencies that can be heard by humans. "It\'s a burst of white noise that people say sounds like static on the radio," she says. "Its life-saving potential is great."She conducted an experiment in which people were filmed by thermal-imaging cameras trying to find their way out of a large smoke-filled room. It took them nearly four minutes to find the doｏｒ______ a sound alarm, but only 15 seconds with one. Withington studies how the brain processes sounds at the university. She says that the source of a wide bａｎｄ　of frequencies can be pinpointed more easily than the source of a narrow band. Alarms basedon the same concept have already been installed on emergency vehicles. The alarms will also include rising ｏｒfalling frequencies to indicate whether people should go up ｏｒdown stairs. They were developed with the aid of a large grant from British Nuclear Fuels. 【单选题】

A.on

B.near

C.without

D.from

正确答案:C

答案解析:逗号后面的one应该是指a sound alarm。从连词but可以推断，前后应是意思相反，后面已有了with，那么前句应是without。所以选择C。

2、Easy ListeningStudents should be jealous. Not only do babies get to doze their days away, but they\'ve also mastered the fine art of learning in their sleep. By the time babies are one year old, they can recognize a lot of sounds ａｎｄ　even simple words. Marie Cheour at the University of Turku in Finlａｎｄ　suspected that they might progress this fast because they learn language while they sleep as well as when they are awake. To test the theory, Cheour ａｎｄ　their colleagues studied 45 newborn babies in the first days of their lives. They exposed all the infants to an hour of Finnish vowel sounds one that sounds like "oo"; another like "ee" ａｎｄ　the third boundary vowel peculiar to Finnish ａｎｄ　similar languages that sounds like something in between. EEG (脑电图) recording of the infants brains before ａｎｄ　after the session showed that the newborns could not distinguish the sounds. Fifteen of the babies then went back with their mothers, where the rest were split into two sleep-study groups. Oneｇｒｏｕｐwas exposed throughout their night-time sleeping hours to the same three vowels, while the others listened to the other, easier-to-distinguish vowel sounds. When tested in the morning, ａｎｄ　again in the evening, the babies who\'d heard the tricky boundary vowels all night showed brainwave activity indicating that they could now recognize this sound. They could identify the sound even when its pitch was changed, while none of the other babies could pick up the boundary vowel at all. Cheour doesn\'t know how babies accomplish this nighttime learning, but she suspects that the special ability might indicate that unlike adults, babies don\'t "turn off" their cerebral cortex (大脑皮层) while they sleep: The skill probably fades in the course of the first years of life, she adds so forget the idea that you can pick up the tricky French vowels as an adult just by slipping a language tape under your pillow. But while it may not help grown-ups, Cheour is hoping to use the sleeping hours to give remedial help to babies who are genetically at risk of language disorders. Choeur\'s finding is worthless. 【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

正确答案:B

答案解析:这种观点是错误的。文章的最后一句指出“while it may not help grown-ups, Cheour is hoping to use the sleeping hours to give remedial help to babies who are genetically at risk of language disorders”。

3、Light Night, Dark StarsThousands of people around the globe step outside to gaze at their night sky. On a clear night, with no clouds, moonlight, ｏｒartificial lights to block the view, people can see more than 14,000 stars in the sky, says Dennis Ward, an astronomer(天文学家) with the University Corporation fｏｒAtmospheric Research( UCAR) in Boulder, Colo. But when people are surrounded by city lights, he says, they\'re lucky to see 150 stars.If you\'ve ever driven toward a big city at night ａｎｄ　seen its glow from a great distance, you\'ve witnessed light pollution. It occurs when light from streetlights, office buildings, signs, ａｎｄ　other sources streams into space ａｎｄ　illuminates (照亮) the night sky. This haze (朦胧) of light makes many stars invisible to people on Earth. Even at night, big cities like New York glow from light pollution, making stargazing difficult.Dust ａｎｄ　particles of pollution factories ａｎｄ　industries worsen the effects of light pollution. "If one city has a lot more light pollution than another," Ward says, "that city will suffer the effects of light pollution on a much greater scale."Hazy skies also make it far more difficult fｏｒastronomers to do their jobs.Cities are getting larger. Suburbs are growing in once dark, rural areas. Light from all this new development is increasingly obscuring (使变模糊) the faint (微弱的) light give off by distant stars. ａｎｄ　if scientists can\'t locate these objects, they can\'t learn more about them.Light pollution doesn\'t only affect star visibility. It can harm wild life too. It\'s clear that artificial light can attract animals, making them go off course. There\'s increasing evidence, fｏｒexample, that migrating (迁徙) birds use sunsets ａｎｄ　sunrises to help find their way, says Sydney Gauthreaux Jr. , a scientist at Clemson University in South Carolina, "When light occurs at night," he says, "it has a very disruptive (破坏性的) influence." Sometimes birds fly into lighted towers, high - rises, ａｎｄ　cables from radio ａｎｄ　television towers. Experts estimate that millions of birds die this way every year.Nowadays even suburbs are becoming unsuitable fｏｒscientists to do their jobs because ______.【单选题】

A.the night sky there is too dark

B.the once dark areas are also polluted by lights

C.these areas are not polluted by chemicals

D.these areas are less developed

正确答案:B

答案解析:本题有一定难度，需要认真第五段，吃透句意。文章第五段谈到，市郊的灯火使科学家无法观测到天空星体发出微弱光线，回来看选项，B项符合原文句意，是答案。

4、She gave up her job ａｎｄ　started writing poetry.【单选题】

A.abandoned

B.lost

C.took

D.created

正确答案:A

答案解析:她辞去工作，开始写诗。本题难度不大，gave up是常用短语，指“放弃，辞职”，和abandoned“放弃”是近义词，其他三项都是常用词，和答案意义差异较大，干扰性不强。答案是A。

5、Easy ListeningStudents should be jealous. Not only do babies get to doze their days away, but they\'ve also mastered the fine art of learning in their sleep. By the time babies are one year old, they can recognize a lot of sounds ａｎｄ　even simple words. Marie Cheour at the University of Turku in Finlａｎｄ　suspected that they might progress this fast because they learn language while they sleep as well as when they are awake. To test the theory, Cheour ａｎｄ　their colleagues studied 45 newborn babies in the first days of their lives. They exposed all the infants to an hour of Finnish vowel sounds one that sounds like "oo"; another like "ee" ａｎｄ　the third boundary vowel peculiar to Finnish ａｎｄ　similar languages that sounds like something in between. EEG (脑电图) recording of the infants brains before ａｎｄ　after the session showed that the newborns could not distinguish the sounds. Fifteen of the babies then went back with their mothers, where the rest were split into two sleep-study groups. Oneｇｒｏｕｐwas exposed throughout their night-time sleeping hours to the same three vowels, while the others listened to the other, easier-to-distinguish vowel sounds. When tested in the morning, ａｎｄ　again in the evening, the babies who\'d heard the tricky boundary vowels all night showed brainwave activity indicating that they could now recognize this sound. They could identify the sound even when its pitch was changed, while none of the other babies could pick up the boundary vowel at all. Cheour doesn\'t know how babies accomplish this nighttime learning, but she suspects that the special ability might indicate that unlike adults, babies don\'t "turn off" their cerebral cortex (大脑皮层) while they sleep: The skill probably fades in the course of the first years of life, she adds so forget the idea that you can pick up the tricky French vowels as an adult just by slipping a language tape under your pillow. But while it may not help grown-ups, Cheour is hoping to use the sleeping hours to give remedial help to babies who are genetically at risk of language disorders. The three vowels mentioned in this article are all Finnish sounds. 【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

正确答案:B

答案解析:注意第3段有这样一个短语：something in between，介于前两个元音之间的音。因此，3个元音均是这个边缘上的音，并不是芬兰语种的音。

6、A Star Is Born1 The VLT (Very Large Telescope) is the world\'s largest telescope ａｎｄ　is taking astronomers further back to the Big Bang than they ever thought possible. Located 2,600 meters up to the Chilean Andes, it has four huge mirrors, each about the size of a London bus. The VLT is so powerful it can spot a burning match 10, 000 kilometers away. 2 This astonishing power will allow astronomers to see events in space from the birth of stars to the collision of galaxies on the edge of the cosmos. The VLT is giving astronomers their best ever view of the cosmos. The power of the VLT to see the smallest detail at the furthest distances makes its designers amazed. 3 Take the case of Eta Carinae, one of the most explosive stars in the universe. This star produces ultraviolet laser rays (紫外线) ａｎｄ　it will destroy itself in a few million years\' time. It is five times brighter than the sun ａｎｄ　when it explodes it is going to be a sight worth waiting for. 4 But it is at distances of millions, even billions, of light years that the VLT really shows its power. The VLT can detect light that ｓｅｔout on its journey before the earth even existed. This gives astronomers their first ever detailed views of events that took place in the earliest days of the cosmos. 5 In other words, the VLT is a kind of a time machine. It takes astronomers back to a time when complete galaxies crashed into each other. The effects of these past collisions can now be seen by scientists, ａｎｄ　astronomers believe the telescope will reveal more about these exciting events in the years to come. One day, we might be able to say we have traveled back to the beginning of time, ａｎｄ　we will have a much clearer picture of how our planet was born. The VLT will allow scientists to see events____. 【单选题】

A.its detecting power

B.millions of light years away in space

C.the location of the VLT

D.as an example

E.the birth of the earth

F.the rotation of the earth

正确答案:B

答案解析:文章第2段最后一句提到了这句话的意思。

7、Breastfeeding Can Cut Cardiovascular RiskBreastfeeding can reduce the risk of a heart attack ｏｒstroke later in life ａｎｄ　could prevent hundreds of ______ of deaths each year, researchers said on Friday. Babies who are breastfed have fewer childhood infections ａｎｄ　allergies ａｎｄ　are less prone to obesity. British scientists have now shown that breastfeeding ａｎｄ　slow growth in the first weeks ａｎｄ　months of life has a protective effect against cardiovascular disease. "Diets that promote more rapid growth put babies at risk many years later in terms of raising their blood pressure, raising their cholesterol ａｎｄ　increasing their tendency to diabetes ａｎｄ　obesity-the four main risk factors fｏｒstroke ａｎｄ　heart attack." said ProfessｏｒAlan Lucas of the Institute of Child Health in London. "Our evidence suggests that the reason why breast-fed babies do better is because they grow more slowly in the early weeks."Lucas said the effects of breastfeeding on blood pressure ａｎｄ　cholesterol later in life are greater than anything adults can do to control the risk factors fｏｒcardiovascular disease, other than taking drugs. An estimated 17 million people die of cardiovascular disease, particularly heart attack ａｎｄ　strokes, each year, according to the World Health Organization. Lucas ａｎｄ　his colleagues compared the health of 216 teenagers who as babies had either been breastfed ｏｒgiven different nutritional baby formulas\' They reported their findings in The Lancet medical journal. The teenagers who had been breastfed had a 14 percent lower ratio of bad to good cholesterol ａｎｄ　lower concentrations of a protein that is a marker fｏｒcardiovascular disease risk. The researchers also found that regardless of the child\'s weight at birth, the faster the infants grew in the early weeks ａｎｄ　months of life, the greater was their later risk of heart disease ａｎｄ　stroke. The effect was the same fｏｒboth boys ａｎｄ　girls. "The more human milk you have in the newborn period, the lower your cholesterol level is, the lower your blood pressure is 16 years later, "Lucas said. 【单选题】

A.hundreds

B.thousands

C.millions

D.numbers

正确答案:B

答案解析:hundreds ofthousands of是固定搭配，表示“成千上万”之意。

8、WaterThe second most important constituent (构成成份) of the biosphere (生物圈) is liquid water. This can only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures, since water freezes at 0℃ ａｎｄ　boils at 100℃. Life as we know it would only be possible on the surface of a planet which had temperatures somewhere within this narrow range.The earth\'s supply of water probably remains fairly constant in quantity. The total quantity of water is not known very accurately, but it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe to a depth of about two ａｎｄ　three - quarter kilometers. Most of it is in the form of the salt water of the oceans about 97 percent. The rest is fresh, but three -quarters of this is in the form of ice at the Poles ａｎｄ　on mountains, ａｎｄ　cannot be used by living systems until melted. Of the remaining fraction, which is somewhat less than one percent of the whole, there is 10 -20 times as much stored underground water as there is actually on the surface. There is also a tiny, but extremely important fraction of the water supply which is present as water vapour in the atmosphere.Water vapour in the atmosphere is the channel through which the whole water circulation (循环) of the biosphere has to pass. Water evaporated (蒸发) from the surface of the oceans, from lakes ａｎｄ　rivers ａｎｄ　from moist (潮湿的) earth is added to it. From it the water comes out again as rain ｏｒsnow, falling on either the sea ｏｒthe land. There is, as might be expected, a more intensive evaporation per unit area over the sea ａｎｄ　oceans than over the land, but there is more rainfall over the lａｎｄ　than over the oceans ａｎｄ　the balance is restored by the runoff from the lａｎｄ　in the form of rivers.The total quantity of water on Earth ______.【单选题】

A.remains almost unchanged

B.has greatly increased m recent years

C.is decreasing constantly

D.is affected by global warming

正确答案:A

答案解析:本题难度不大，答案依据比较明显，答案依据是文章第二段第一句，谈到地球的总供水量是很稳定的，回来看选项，A项是其近义解释，所以正确，答案是A。

9、Weaving with LightIn the Sierra Madre mountain range of west central Mexico, the native Huichol people live much the way their ancestors did-without electricity. That\'s because it\'s too expensive to string power lines to the remote mountain areas where they live. To help support themselves, the Huichol create beautiful artwork. They sell their art in cities hundreds of miles away from their villages. ａｎｄ　without electricity, at home ｏｒon the road, they can only work during daylight hours. When it gets dark, they must stop whatever they\'re doing.Now, a team of scientists, designers ａｎｄ　architects is using new technologies to provide the Huichol with light after the sun sets. The scientists technique involves weaving tiny electronic crystals into fabrics that can be made into clothes, bags, ｏｒother items.By collecting the sun\'s energy during the day, these lightweight fabrics provide bright white light at night. Their inventors have named the fabrics "Portable Lights," Portable Lights have the potential to transform the lives of people without electricity around the world, says project leader Sheila Kennedy."Our invention," Kennedy says, "came from seeing how we could transform technology we saw every day in the United States ａｎｄ　move it into new markets fｏｒpeople who didn\'t have a lot of money."At the core of Portable Light technology are devices called high - brightness light - emitting diodes, ｏｒHB LEDs. These tiny lights appear in digital clocks, televisions ａｎｄ　streetlights.LEDs are completely different from the light bulbs. Most of those glass bulbs belong to a type called incandescent lights. Inside, electricity heats a metal coil to about 2,200 degrees Celsius. At that temperature, bulbs give off light we can see.Ninety percent of energy produced by incandescent lights, however, is heat ａｎｄ　invisible. With all that wasted energy, bulbs burn out quickly. They are also easily broken.LEDs, on the other hand, are like tiny pieces of rock made up of molecules that are arranged in a crystal structure. When an electric current passes through an LED, the crystal structure produces light. Unlike incandescent bulbs, they can produce light of various colors. Within an LED, the type of molecules ａｎｄ　their particular arrangement determines what colｏｒis produced.All of the following are disadvantages of incandescent lights EXCEPT that ______.【单选题】

A.they are not bright enough

B.they burn out quickly

C.they are easily broken

D.they waste most of the energy produced

正确答案:A

答案解析:本题难度较大，需要通读全文，寻找答案依据。通读全文可以发现，只有they are not bright enough是文章未提到的，答案是A。

10、A Great Quake Coming?Everyone lives in San Francisco knows that earthquakes are common in the Bay Area ａｎｄ　they can devastate. In 1906, fｏｒexample, a majｏｒquake destroyed about 28000 buildings ａｎｄ　killed hundreds, perhaps thousands of people. Residents now wonder when will the next "Big One" strike. It\'s bound to happen someday. At least seven active fault(断层) lines run through the San Francisco area. Faults are places where pieces of Earth\'s crust (地壳) slide past each other. When these pieces slip, the ground shakes.To prepare fｏｒthat day, scientists are using new techniques to reanalyze the 1906 earthquake ａｎｄ　predict how bad the damage might be when the next one happens.One new finding about the 1906 quake is that the San Andreas Fault split apart faster than scientists had assumed at the time. During small earthquakes, faults rupture(断裂) about 2.7 kilometers persecond. During bigger quakes, however, ruptures can happen faster than 3.5 kilometers persecond.At such high speeds, massive amounts of pressure build up, generating underground waves that can cause more damage than the quake itself. Lucky fｏｒSan Francisco, these pressure pulses (脉冲) traveled away from the city during the 1906 event.Looking ahead, scientists are trying to predict when the next majｏｒquake will occur. Records show that earthquakes were common before 1906. Since then, the area has been relatively quiet. Patterns in the data, however, suggest that the probability of a majｏｒearthquake striking the Bay Area before 2032 is at least 62 percent.New buildings in San Francisco are quite safe in case of future quakes. Still, more than 84 percent of the city\'s buildings are old ａｎｄ　weak. Analyses suggest that another massive earthquake would cause extensive damage.People who live there today tend to feel safe because San Francisco has remained pretty quiet fｏｒa while. According to the new research, however, it\'s not a matter that whether "the Big One" will hit here. It\'s just a matter of when.Earthquakes rarely happened in San Francisco before 1906.【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

正确答案:B

答案解析:本题难度不大，找到答案依据不难。答案依据在第五段。第五段第二句：Records show that earthquakes were common before 1906.谈到记录显示在1906年前地震十分常见的。所以本题错误，答案是B。