2024年职称英语考试《卫生类》考试共65题，分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编每天为您准备了5道每日一练题目（附答案解析），一步一步陪你备考，每一次练习的成功，都会淋漓尽致的反映在分数上。一起加油前行。

1、Human Heart Can Make New CellsSolving a longstanding (为时甚久的) mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues to generate new cardiac(心脏的 ) cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows with age.The finding, published in the April 3 issue of Science, could open a new path fｏｒthe treatment of heart diseases such as heart failure ａｎｄ　heart attack, experts say."We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes (心肌细胞), are renewed," said lead researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen, a professｏｒof stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. "It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we are born with ｏｒif they could be renewed," he said.The process of renewing these cells changes over time, Frisen added. In a 20 - year - old, about I percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year, but the turnover (更替) rate decreases with age to only 0.45 percent by age 75."If we can understａｎｄ　how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated, it may be potentially possible to develop pharmaceuticals (药物) that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after, fｏｒexample, a heart attack," Frisen said.That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts."A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure," noted co - authｏｒDr. Ratan Bhardwaj, also from the Karolinska Institute. "Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying," he said.With this finding, scientists are "opening the doｏｒto potential therapies (疗法) to having ourselves heal ourselves." Bhardwaj said. "Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that would make heart cells make new ａｎｄ　more cells to overcome the problem they are facing. "But barriers remain. According to Bhardwaj, scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off, especially in older patients with heart failure. In addition, the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts-whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown.Chronic heart failure is attributed to ______.【单选题】

A.the dying heart cells

B.the effect of pharmaceuticals

C.the weight of the patient

D.the life span of a person

正确答案:A

答案解析:本题难度不大，答案依据比较明显。带着题干信息词回文章定位，答案依据是文章第七段最后一句，谈到慢性心脏衰竭是由心肌细胞的死亡引起的，回来看选项，A项和原文句意相符，是答案。

2、Parkinson\'s Disease1. Parkinson\'s disease affects the way you move. It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally, these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine(多巴胺). Dopamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement. It lets your muscles move smoothly ａｎｄ　do what you want them to do. When you have Parkinson\'s, these nerve cells break down. Then you no longer have enough dopamine, ａｎｄ　you have trouble moving the way you want to.2. No one knows fｏｒsure what makes these nerve cells break down. But scientists are doing a lot of research to look fｏｒthe answer. They are studying many possible causes, including aging ａｎｄ　poisons in the environment. Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson\'s disease in some people. But so far, there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited.3. Tremｏｒ(颤抖) may be the first symptom you notice. It is one of the most common signs of the disease, although not everyone has it. Tremｏｒoften starts in just one arm ｏｒleg ｏｒonly on one side of the body. It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm ｏｒleg. It may get better when you move the limb ｏｒyou are asleep. In time, Parkinson\'s affects muscles all through your body, so it can lead to problems like trouble swallowing ｏｒconstipation(便秘) . In the later stages of the disease, a person with Parkinson\'s may have a fixed ｏｒblank expression, trouble speaking, ａｎｄ　other problems. Some people also have a decrease in mental skills.4. At this time, there is no cure fｏｒParkinson\'s disease. But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms ａｎｄ　make the disease easier to live with. You may not even need treatment if your symptoms are not obvious. Your doctｏｒmay wait to prescribe medicines until your symptoms start to get in the way of your daily life. Your doctｏｒwill adjust your medicines as your symptoms get worse. You may need to take several medicines to get the best results.One of the most common signs of Parkinson\'s is tremor, ______.【单选题】

A.if there isn’t enough dopamine in your body

B.what affects muscles all through your body

C.which cannot be cured yet

D.if you have a fixed ｏｒblank expression

E.which may be the first symptom you notice

F.what causes Parkinson\'s disease

正确答案:E

答案解析:本题难度不大，带着题干信息词回文章定位，答案依据是文章第三段的第一句：Tremｏｒmay be the first symptom you notice，谈到颤抖会是你注意到的第一个症状，回来看选项，E项和原文句意相符，是答案。

3、SemcoAt 21, Ricardo Semler became boss of his father-s business in Brazil, Semco, which sold parts fｏｒships. Semler Juniｏｒworked like a madman, from 7:30 am. , until midnight every day. One afternoon, while touring a factory in New York, he collapsed. The doctｏｒwho treated him said, "There\'s nothing wrong with you. But if you continue like this, you\'ll find a new home in our hospital." Semler got the message. He changed the way he worked. In fact, he changed the way his employees worked too.He let his workers take more responsibility so that they would be the ones worrying when things went wrong. He allowed them to ｓｅｔtheir own salaries, ａｎｄ　he cut all the jobs he thought were unnecessary, like receptionists ａｎｄ　secretaries. ____ "Everyone at Semco, even top managers, meets guests in reception, does the photocopying, sends faxes, types letters ａｎｄ　dials the phone."He completely reorganized the office, instead of walls, they have plants at Semco, so bosses can\'t shut themselves away from everyone else. ａｎｄ　the workers are free to decorate their workspace as they want. As fｏｒuniforms, some people wear suits ａｎｄ　others wear T - shirts.Semler says, "We have a sales manager named Rubin Agater who sits there reading the newspaper hour after hour. He doesn\'t even pretend to be busy. But when a Semco pump an the other side of the world fails ａｎｄ　millions of gallons of oil are about to spill into the sea, Rubin springs into action.He knows everything there is to know about our pumps ａｎｄ　how to fix them. That\'s when he earns his salary. No one cares if he doesn\'t look busy the rest of the time."Semco has flexible working hours, the employees decide when they need to arrive at work, The employees also evaluate their bosses twice a year. Also, Semco lets its workers use the company\'s machines fｏｒtheir own projects, ａｎｄ　makes them take holidays fｏｒat least thirty days a year.It sounds perfect, but does it work? The answer is in the numbers. In the last six years, Semco\'s revenues have gone from $ 35 million to $ 212 million. The company has grown from eight hundred employees to 3,000, Why?Semler says it\'s because of "peer pressure". Peer pressure makes everyone work hard fｏｒeveryone else. doing his job well, the other workers will not allow the situation to continue. In other words, Ricardo Semler treats his workers like adults ａｎｄ　expects them to act like adults, ａｎｄ　they do. 【单选题】

A.Also, Semco lets its workers use the company\'s machines fｏｒtheir own projects, ａｎｄ　makes them take holidays fｏｒat least thirty days a year.

B.Most managers spend their time making it difficult fｏｒworkers to work.

C.This saved money ａｎｄ　brought more equality to the company.

D.ａｎｄ　the workers are free to decorate their workspace as they want.

E.He knows everything there is to know about our pumps ａｎｄ　how to fix them.

F.If someone isn\'t doing his job well, the other workers will not allow the situation to continue.

正确答案:C

答案解析:本题难度很大，需要认真阅读文章，可用排除法和代入法。本题的前一句谈到新老板把所有他认为不必要的工作岗位，如前台接待和秘书都砍掉了，后一句谈到每一个人都兼任接待和秘书工作，可以推断本题继续围绕着裁员谈论，比如裁员后的结果，效果。回来看选项，把C代入到文中，符合上下文逻辑，是答案。

4、Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred YearsA hundred years ago, life expectancy in developed countries was about 47 in the early 21st century, men in the United States ａｎｄ　the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74. Women to about 80, ａｎｄ　these ages are rising all the time. What has brought about these changes? When we look at the life span of people 100 years ago, we need to look at the greatest killers of the time. In the early 20th century, these were the acute ａｎｄ　oftenhighly infectious diseases such as smallpox. Many children died very young from these diseases ａｎｄ　others, ａｎｄ　the weak ａｎｄ　elderly were always at risk.In the developed world these diseases are far less deadly today, ａｎｄ　in some cases have almost disappeared. A number of ____ have led to this: improvements in sanitation ａｎｄ　hygiene, the discovery ａｎｄ　use of antibiotics, which make bacterial diseases much less dangerous, ａｎｄ　vaccinations against common diseases. In addition , people\'s general health has improved with improvements in our general environment: cleaner air, better means of preserving food, better ａｎｄ　warmer housing, ａｎｄ　better understanding of nutrition.Genetically, we should all be able to live to about 85 but while people do live longer today, there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age. The problems that affect people today are the more chronic illnesses, such as heart disease ａｎｄ　strokes, ａｎｄ　those spread by viruses, such as influenza ａｎｄ　AIDS. Of course, cancer is a huge killer as well. In most cases these diseases affect older people, but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesity leading to more heart disease ａｎｄ　illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.The killers today can be classed as "lifestyle diseases", which means that it may be possible to halt their progress.【单选题】

A.improvements

B.factors

C.jobs

D.measures

正确答案:B

答案解析:冒号后面列举的内容不能统一用其他几个词概括，只能用factor。

5、Her?father?was?a?quiet?man?with?graceful?manners.【单选题】

A.polite

B.similar

C.usual

D.bad

正确答案:A

答案解析:题干大意：她的父亲话语不多，举止优雅。graceful意为“优雅的”，如：The?dancer?was?light?and?graceful.（舞者的舞姿轻盈优美。）polite意为“有礼貌的”，最符合题意，如：a?polite?behavior（有礼貌的行为）。similar意为“类似的”，如：a?word?or?phrase?of?similar?meaning（意义相近的词或词组）。usual意为“通常的”，如：His?speech?followed?the?usual?pattern.（他按照通常的方式讲话。）bad意为“坏的”，如：a?bad?habit（坏习惯）。