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2024年职称英语考试《理工类》考试共65题,分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理精选模拟习题10道,附答案解析,供您考前自测提升!
1、English and English Community1 There is no doubt that English is a useful language. The people who speak English today make up the largest speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese. 2 A speech community is similar to other kinds of communities. The people who make up the community share a common language. Often they live side by side, as they do in a neighborhood, a village, ora city. More often they form a whole country. National boundaries, however, are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community. A speech community is anygroupof people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live. 3 We may say that anyone who speaks English belongs to the English speech community. Forconvenience, we may divide the speakers into two groups: one in which the speakers use English as their native language, the other in which the speakers learn English as a second language forthe purpose of education, commerce, and so on. 4 Learning a second language extends one\'s vision and expands the mind. The history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional lives of people and their culture; a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and to feel as they feel. Learning English as asecond language provides another means of communication through which the window of the entire English speech community becomes a part of our heritage. Paragraph 4____【单选题】
A.Threat Posed by English
B.Definition ofa Speech Community
C.Benefits ofLeaming a Second Language
D.Advantages of Learning Chinese
E.Two Groups ofthe English Speech Community
F.A Widely Used Language
正确答案:C
答案解析:文章第4段主要讲学习第二语言的益处。
2、Arctic MeltEarth\'s North and South Poles are famous forbeing cold and icy. Last year, however, the amount of ice in the Arctic Ocean (北冰群) fell to a record low.Normally, ice builds in Arctic waters around the North Pole each winter and shrinks(缩小) during the summer. But formany years, the amount of ice left by the end of summer has been declining.Since 1979, each decade has seen an 11.4 percent drepin end of summer ice cover. Between 1981 and 2000, ice in the Arctic lost 22 percent of its thickness, becoming 1.13 meters thinner.Last summer, Arctic sea ice reached its thinnest levels. By the end of summer 2007, the ice had shrunk to cover just 4.2 million square kilometers. That\'s 38 percent less area than the average cover at that time of year. and it\'s a very large 23 percent below the previous record low, which was setjust 2 years ago. This continuing trend has made scientists concerned to.There may be several reasons forthe ice melt, says Jinlun Zhang, an oceanographer (海洋学家)at the University of Washington in Seattle. Unusually strong winds blew through the Arctic last summer. The winds pushed much of the ice out of the central Arctic, leaving a large area of thin ice and open water.Scientists also suspect that fewer clouds cover the Arctic now than in the past. Clearer skies allow more sunlight to reach the ocean. The extra heat warms both the water and the atmosphere. In parts of the Arctic Ocean last year, surface temperatures were 3.57 Celsius warmer than the average and 1.5c warmer than the previous record.With both air and water getting warmer, the ice is melting from both above and below. In some parts of the Beaufort Sea, north of Alaska and western Canada, ice that measured 3.3 meters thick at the beginning of the summer was measured just 50 cm by season\'s endThe new measurements suggest that melting is far more severe than the thinking of scientists. Some scientists fear that the Arctic is stuck in a warming trend.The Beaufort Sea mentioned in paragraph 7 is an example to show ______.【单选题】
A.how accurate the new measurements are
B.how thick the ice is in it
C.how serious the problem of the ice melt in the Arctic is
D.how dangerous it is to travel to it
正确答案:C
答案解析:本题难度不大,答案依据比较明显,文章第七段和第八段谈到,夏天冰层以超出科学家预料的速度迅速融化,答案是C。
3、Breastfeeding Can Cut Cardiovascular RiskBreastfeeding can reduce the risk of a heart attack orstroke later in life and could prevent hundreds of thousands of deaths each year, researchers said on Friday. Babies who are breastfed have fewer childhood infections and allergies and are less prone to obesity. British scientists have now shown that breastfeeding and slow growth in the first weeks and months of life has a protective effect against cardiovascular disease. "Diets that promote more rapid growth put babies at risk many years later in terms of raising their blood pressure, raising their cholesterol and increasing their tendency to diabetes and obesity-the ______ main risk factors forstroke and heart attack." said ProfessorAlan Lucas of the Institute of Child Health in London. "Our evidence suggests that the reason why breast-fed babies do better is because they grow more slowly in the early weeks."Lucas said the effects of breastfeeding on blood pressure and cholesterol later in life are greater than anything adults can do to control the risk factors forcardiovascular disease, other than taking drugs. An estimated 17 million people die of cardiovascular disease, particularly heart attack and strokes, each year, according to the World Health Organization. Lucas and his colleagues compared the health of 216 teenagers who as babies had either been breastfed orgiven different nutritional baby formulas\' They reported their findings in The Lancet medical journal. The teenagers who had been breastfed had a 14 percent lower ratio of bad to good cholesterol and lower concentrations of a protein that is a marker forcardiovascular disease risk. The researchers also found that regardless of the child\'s weight at birth, the faster the infants grew in the early weeks and months of life, the greater was their later risk of heart disease and stroke. The effect was the same forboth boys and girls. "The more human milk you have in the newborn period, the lower your cholesterol level is, the lower your blood pressure is 16 years later, "Lucas said. 【单选题】
A.two
B.four
C.three
D.five
正确答案:B
答案解析:前句中先后提到了血压、胆固醇、糖尿病和肥胖,共计4项。
4、Seeing Red Means Danger AheadThe colorred often means danger and by paying attention, accidents can be prevented. In the future, the colorred also may help prevent danger at construction sites. Thanks to new work by engineers, bridge supports orother kinds of materials could one day contain a colorswitching material. It will turn red before a structure collapses orfalls apart. The secret behind the colorswitching material is a particular type of molecule. A molecule is agroupof atoms held together by chemical bonds. Molecules come at all shapes and sizes, and make up everything. You can see, touch orfeel. How a molecule behaves depends on what kinds of atoms it contains, and how they\'re held together. When a polymer (聚合物) containing a colorswitching molecule called a mechanophore (机械响应性聚合物) which is about to break, it produce a ______. When a polymer with mechanophore molecules becomes "injured" orweak, one of the mechanophore bonds breaks and the material turns red. "It\'s a really simple detection method. "says Nancy Sottos, one of the scientists who worked on the project. Sottos and her team tested the colorswitching polymers in their lab. The test results proved encouraging. There is a way to get rid of the colorlight when a bright light is shone on the mechanophore. The broken bond is fixed and the red colordisappears. This "self-healing" may be a problem forengineers. They need to use the colorchanger in big construction projects that will be outside in sunlight. and sunlight will make the mechanophore\'s warming system useless. Sottos and her fellow scientists still have a lot of work to do before the colorswitching molecules can be used outside the lab. 【单选题】
A.color
B.trouble
C.what
D.where
正确答案:A
答案解析:前文一直提示分子变红色,所以在此情景下,选颜色是符合全文主题的。
5、The Hurricane1. A hurricane (飓风) is a tropical storm with winds that have reached a constant speed of 74 miles per hour. Hurricane winds blow in a large spiral(螺旋) around a relative calm center known as the "eye". The "eye" is generally 20 to 30 miles wide, and the storm may extend outward 400 miles. As a hurricane nears land, it can bring heavy rains, high winds and storm surges(风暴潮). The storm surges and heavy rains can lead to flooding.2. Hurricanes are given a different label, depending on where they occur. If they begin over the North Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, The Gulf of Mexico, orthe Northeast Pacific Ocean, they are called hurricanes. Similar storms that occur in the Northwest Pacific Ocean west of the Internaional Date Line are called typhoons near Australia and in the Indian Ocean, they are referred to as tropical cyclones(龙卷风).3. When a hurricane hits land, it can do great damage through its fierce winds, heavy rains, inland(内陆的) flooding and huge waves crashing on to the shore. During a hurricane, homes, businesses and public buildings may be damaged ordestroyed, roads and bridges can be washed away. A powerful hurricane can kill more people and destroy more property than any other natural disaster. Fishermen are at special risk from hurricanes as they may be at sea when a hurricane arrives and not be able to get to a safe harborif they do not receive adequate warning.4. If a hurricane is comming in your area, the most important thing is to stay calm and find shelter immediately. Go to your safe room. If you do not have one, stay indoors during the hurricane and go to a safer place near the center of your home. Cover yourself with a blanket and be sure to keep away from windows and glass doors, because if the glass breaks it’s really dangerous. Do not be fooled if there is lull(暂停), it could be the eye of the storm—winds will pick up again.Depending on where they occur, hurricanes have ______.【单选题】
A.different labels
B.window and glass doors
C.inland flooding
D.early warning
E.natural disaster
F.a constant speed
正确答案:A
答案解析:本题难度不大,答案依据比较明显,在文章第二段的第一句:Hurricanes are given a different label,depending on where they occur.回来看选项,A项符合原文句意,是答案。
6、Keeping Cut Flowers1 While everybody enjoys fresh cut flowers around his house, few people know how to keep them foras long as possible. This may be done by keeping in mind a few simple fact. 2 An important thing to remember about cut flowers is that they are sensitive to temperature. Forexample, studies have shown that cut carnations (康乃馨) retain their freshness eight times longer when kept at 12℃ than when kept at 26℃. Keeping freshly harvested flowers at the right temperatures is probably the most important aspect of flower care. 3 Flowers are not intended by nature to live very long. Their biological purpose is simply to attract birds orinsects, such as bees, forpollination (粉). After that, they quickly dry up and die. The process by which flowers consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide, called respiration, generates the energy the flower needs to give the flower its shape and color. The making of seeds also depends on this energy. While all giving things respire, flowers have a high level of respiration. A result of all this respiration is heat, and forflowers the level of heat relative to the mass of the flower is very high. Respiration also brings about the eventual death of the flower. Thus the greater the level of respiration, the sooner the flower dies. 4 How, then, to control the rate at which flowers die? By controlling respiration. How is respiration controlled? By controlling temperature. We know that respiration produces heat, but the reverse is also true. Thus by maintaining low temperatures, respiration is reduced and the cut flower will age more slowly. 5 Another vital factorin keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water in which they are placed. Flowers find it difficult to "drink" water that is dirty orotherwise polluted. Even when water looks and smells clean, it almost certainly contains harmful substances that can endanger the flowers. To rid the water of these unwanted substances, household chlorine bleach (含氯漂白剂) can be used in small quantities. It is recommended that 15 drops of chlorine bleach (at 4% solution) be added to each liter of water. The water and solution should also be replaced each day. Another important way to prolong the life of cut flowers is____. 【单选题】
A.by keeping its original shape and color
B.in the life ofthe cut flower
C.to produce carbon dioxide
D.foras long as possible
E.by controlling temperature
F.to replace the water and solution every day
正确答案:F
答案解析:只要找到全文的最后一句就能正确回答该题。选项F符合题意,故选F。
7、Looking to the FutureWhen a magazine forhigh-school students asked its readers what life would be like in twenty years, they said: Machines would be run by solar power. Buildings would rotate so they could follow the sun to take maximum advantage of its light and heat. Walls would "radiate light" and "change colorwith the push of a buttons." Food would be replaced by pills. School would be taught "by electrical impulse while we sleep." Cars would have radar. Does this sound like the year 2000? Actually, the article was written in 1958 and the question was, "what will life be like in 1978?". The future is much too important to simply guess about, the way the high school students did. So experts are regularly asked to predict accurately. By carefully studying the present, skilled businessmen, scientists, and politicians are supposedly able to figure out in advance what will happen. But can they? One expert on cities wrote: Cities of the future would not be crowded but would have space forfarms and fields. People would travel to world in "airbuses" all-weather helicopters carrying up to 200 passengers. When a person left the airbus station he could drive a coin-operated car equipped with radar. The radar equipment of cars would make traffic accidents "almost unheard off\'. Does that sound familiar? If the exert had been accurate it would, because he was writing in 1957. His subject was "The city of 1982". If the professionals sometimes sound like high-school students, it\'s probably because future study is still a new field. Here is an example forfuture study. Economic forecasting, orpredicting what the economy will do, has been around fora long time. But there have been some big mistakes in this field, too. ______ In October of that year, the stock market had its worst losses ever, ruining thousands of investors who had put their faith in financial foreseers. One forecaster knew that predictions about the future would always be subject to significant errors. In 1957, H. J. Rand of the Rand Corporation was asked about the year 2000, "Only one thing is certain," he answered. " Children born today will have reached the age of 43."【单选题】
A.In early 1929, most forecasters saw an excellent future forthe stock market.
B.Children born today will have reached the age of 43.
C.Actually, the article was written in 1958 and the question was, "what will life be like in 1978?"
D.So experts are regularly asked to predict accurately.
E.Scientists are 80 percent accurate in predicting the future.
F.The radar equipment of cars would make traffic accidents "almost unheard off\'.
正确答案:A
答案解析:本题前面是主题句:But there have been some big mistakes in this field,too。主题句后面的句子应该是扩展句,点出big mistakes的内容或举例说明big mistakes。选项A就是big nustakes的一个例子。本题后面的句子说许多股票大跌,投资者破产,证明了预测的错误。所以选项A是正确的。
8、The carCars are an important part of life in the United States. Without a car most people feel that they are poor. and even if a person is poorhe doesn\'t feel really poorwhen he has a car. Henry Ford was the man who first started making cars in large numbers. He probably didn\'t know how much the car was going to affect American culture. The car made the United Stated a nation on wheels. and it helped make the United States what it is today. There are three main reasons why the car becomes so popular in the United States. First of all, the country is a huge one and Americans like to move around in it. The car provides the most comfortable and cheapest form of transportation. With a car people can go anylace without spending a lot of money. The second reason cars are popular is the fact that the United States never really developed an efficient and inexpensive form of public transportation. Long-distance trains have never been as common in the country as they are in other parts of the world. Nowadays there is a good system of air-service provided by planes. But it is too expensive to be used frequently. The third reason is the most important one, though. The American spirit of independence is what really made cars popular. Americans don\'t like to wait fora bus, ora train oreven a plane. They don\'t like to have to follow an exact schedule. A car gives them the freedom to schedule their own time. and this is the freedom that Americans want most to have. The gas shortage has caused a big problem forAmericans. But the answer will not be a bigger system of public transportation. The real solution will have to be a new kind of car, one that does not use so much gas. The real solution to the gas shortage problem is【单选题】
A.to make less cars
B.to develop a public transportation system
C.to make gas-saving cars
D.to develop train service
正确答案:C
答案解析:文章最后一句“The real solution will have to be a new kind ofcar, one that does not use so much gas”,不使用很多汽油的车,当然就是gas-saving cars(节能汽车)了。
9、Will We Take Vacation in Spaces?When Mike Kelly first setout to build his own private space-ferry service, he figured his bread-and-butter business would be lofting (发射) satellites into high-Earth orbit. Now he thinks he may have figured wrong. "People were always asking me when they could go," says Kelly, who runs Kelly Space & Technology out of San Bemardino, California. "I realized that real market is in space tourism."According to preliminary market surveys, there are 10,000 would-be-space-tourists willing to spend $1 million each to visit the final frontier. Space Adventure in Arlington, Virginia, has taken more than 130 deposits fora two-hour, $98, 000 space tour tentatively and somewhat dubiously (可疑地) setto actorby 2005. Gene Meyers of the space Island Group says: "Space is the next exotic(风光奇特的) vacation spot. "This may all sound great, but there are a few hurdles (困难). Putting a simple satellite into orbit with no oxygen, life support orreturn trip necessary already costs an astronomical (天文数字) $ 22,OOO/kg. and that doesn\'t include the oust of insuring rich and possibly litigious passenger. John Pike of the Federation of American Scientists acerbically (尖刻地) suggests that the entiregroupof entrepreneurs trying to corner (垄断) the space-tourism market have between them "just enough money to blow up one rocket."The U. S. space agency has plenty of money but zero interest in mailing space less expensive forthe little guys. So the little guys are racing to do what the government has failed to do: design a reusable launch system that is inexpensive, safe and reliable. Kelly Space\'s prototype looks like a plane that has sprouted rocket engines. Rotary Rocket in Redwood City, California, has a booster with rotors to make a helicopter-style return to Earth; Kistler Aero-space in Kirkland, Washington, is piecing together its versions from old Soviet engines, shuttle-style thermal protection tiles and an elaborate parachute system. The first passenger countdowns are still years away, but bureaucrats at the Federal Aviation Administration in Washington are already informally discussing flight regulations. After all, you can\'t be too prepared, fora trip to that galaxy far, far away. Forthose who are intent on joining the 100-mile high club, Hilton and Budget are plotting to build space hotels. Before the Russian spaceship Mir came down, some people were talking about using it as a low-rent space hotel to reduce the cost. If a space hotel is finally built in space, and if you are thinking of staying in it, you may want to check the Michelin ratings before booking yourself a suite. Space Adventure in Arlington has taken 130 deposits totaling $98,000 fora two-hour space tour. 【单选题】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
正确答案:B
答案解析:第2段第2句的意思是:每人交100万美元的定金,而不是总共98 000美元,从这句话中可以看出历时两个小时的太空旅行计划在2005年,该旅行是试验性的,并且在一定程度上令人质疑。因此题干的说法是错误的。
10、Why Would They Falsely Confess?Why on earth would an innocent person falsely confess to committing a crime? To most people, it just doesn\'t seem logical. But it is logical, say experts, if you understand what can happen in a police interrogation room.Under the right conditions, people\'s minds are susceptible to influence, and the pressure put on suspects during police grilling is enormous. "It\'s a little like somebody\'s working on them with a dental drill," says Franklin Zimring, a law professorat the University of California at Berkeley. "The pressure is important to understand, because otherwise it\'s impossible to understand why someone would say he did something he didn\'t do. The answer is: to put an end to an uncomfortable situation that will continue until he does confess."Developmental psychologist Allison Redlich recently conducted a laboratory study to determine how likely people are to confess to things they didn\'t do. In her experiment, participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the "alt" key, because doing so would crash the systems. The researchers then intentionally crashed the computers and accused the participants of hitting the "alt" key to see if they would sign a statement falsely taking responsibility.Redlich\'s findings clearly demonstrate how easy it can be to get people to falsely confess: 59 percent of the young adults in the experiment immediately confessed. ______ Of the 15-to 16-year-olds, 72 percent signed confessions, as did 78 percent of the 12-to 13-year-olds."There\'s no question that young people are more at risk," says Saul Kassin, a psychology professorat Williams College, who has done similar studies with similar results, "But adults are highly vulnerable too."Both Kassin and Redlich note that the entire "interrogation" in their experiments consisted of a simple accusation-not hours of aggressive questioning-and still, most participants falsely confessed.Because of the stress of a police interrogation, they conclude, suspects can become convinced that falsely confessing is the easiest way out of a bad situation. "In some ways," says Kassin, "false confession becomes a rational decision."【单选题】
A.In her experiment, participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the "alt" key, because doing so would crash the systems.
B."In some ways," says Kassin, "false confession becomes a rational decision."
C."It\'s a little like somebody\'s working on them with a dental drill," says Franklin Zimring, a law professorat the University of California at Berkeley.
D."But adults are highly vulnerable too."
E.How could an innocent person admit to doing something he didn\'t do?
F.Redlich also found that the younger the participant, the more likely a false confession.
正确答案:F
答案解析:分析空缺处前后的句子,得知年龄越小越容易错误地妥协。
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