2024年职称英语考试《理工类》考试共65题，分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理补全短文分析5道练习题，附答案解析，供您备考练习。

1、Why Would They Falsely Confess?Why on earth would an innocent person falsely confess to committing a crime? To most people, it just doesn\'t seem logical. But it is logical, say experts, if you understａｎｄ　what can happen in a police interrogation room.Under the right conditions, people\'s minds are susceptible to influence, ａｎｄ　the pressure put on suspects during police grilling is enormous. "It\'s a little like somebody\'s working on them with a dental drill," says Franklin Zimring, a law professｏｒat the University of California at Berkeley. "The pressure is important to understand, because otherwise it\'s impossible to understａｎｄ　why someone would say he did something he didn\'t do. The answer is: to put an end to an uncomfortable situation that will continue until he does confess."Developmental psychologist Allison Redlich recently conducted a laboratory study to determine how likely people are to confess to things they didn\'t do. In her experiment, participants were seated at computers ａｎｄ　told not to hit the "alt" key, because doing so would crash the systems. The researchers then intentionally crashed the computers ａｎｄ　accused the participants of hitting the "alt" key to see if they would sign a statement falsely taking responsibility.Redlich\'s findings clearly demonstrate how easy it can be to get people to falsely confess: 59 percent of the young adults in the experiment immediately confessed. ______ Of the 15-to 16-year-olds, 72 percent signed confessions, as did 78 percent of the 12-to 13-year-olds."There\'s no question that young people are more at risk," says Saul Kassin, a psychology professｏｒat Williams College, who has done similar studies with similar results, "But adults are highly vulnerable too."Both Kassin ａｎｄ　Redlich note that the entire "interrogation" in their experiments consisted of a simple accusation-not hours of aggressive questioning-ａｎｄ　still, most participants falsely confessed.Because of the stress of a police interrogation, they conclude, suspects can become convinced that falsely confessing is the easiest way out of a bad situation. "In some ways," says Kassin, "false confession becomes a rational decision."【单选题】

A.In her experiment, participants were seated at computers ａｎｄ　told not to hit the "alt" key, because doing so would crash the systems.

B."In some ways," says Kassin, "false confession becomes a rational decision."

C."It\'s a little like somebody\'s working on them with a dental drill," says Franklin Zimring, a law professｏｒat the University of California at Berkeley.

D."But adults are highly vulnerable too."

E.How could an innocent person admit to doing something he didn\'t do?

F.Redlich also found that the younger the participant, the more likely a false confession.

正确答案:F

答案解析:分析空缺处前后的句子，得知年龄越小越容易错误地妥协。

2、Why Would They Falsely Confess?Why on earth would an innocent person falsely confess to committing a crime? To most people, it just doesn\'t seem logical. But it is logical, say experts, if you understａｎｄ　what can happen in a police interrogation room.Under the right conditions, people\'s minds are susceptible to influence, ａｎｄ　the pressure put on suspects during police grilling is enormous. ______ "The pressure is important to understand, because otherwise it\'s impossible to understａｎｄ　why someone would say he did something he didn\'t do. The answer is: to put an end to an uncomfortable situation that will continue until he does confess."Developmental psychologist Allison Redlich recently conducted a laboratory study to determine how likely people are to confess to things they didn\'t do. In her experiment, participants were seated at computers ａｎｄ　told not to hit the "alt" key, because doing so would crash the systems. The researchers then intentionally crashed the computers ａｎｄ　accused the participants of hitting the "alt" key to see if they would sign a statement falsely taking responsibility.Redlich\'s findings clearly demonstrate how easy it can be to get people to falsely confess: 59 percent of the young adults in the experiment immediately confessed. Redlich also found that the younger the participant, the more likely a false confession. Of the 15-to 16-year-olds, 72 percent signed confessions, as did 78 percent of the 12-to 13-year-olds."There\'s no question that young people are more at risk," says Saul Kassin, a psychology professｏｒat Williams College, who has done similar studies with similar results, "But adults are highly vulnerable too."Both Kassin ａｎｄ　Redlich note that the entire "interrogation" in their experiments consisted of a simple accusation-not hours of aggressive questioning-ａｎｄ　still, most participants falsely confessed.Because of the stress of a police interrogation, they conclude, suspects can become convinced that falsely confessing is the easiest way out of a bad situation. "In some ways," says Kassin, "false confession becomes a rational decision."【单选题】

A.In her experiment, participants were seated at computers ａｎｄ　told not to hit the "alt" key, because doing so would crash the systems.

B."In some ways," says Kassin, "false confession becomes a rational decision."

C."It\'s a little like somebody\'s working on them with a dental drill," says Franklin Zimring, a law professｏｒat the University of California at Berkeley.

D."But adults are highly vulnerable too."

E.How could an innocent person admit to doing something he didn\'t do?

F.Redlich also found that the younger the participant, the more likely a false confession.

正确答案:C

答案解析:解答此题时要注意，空格后是一段引文，而空格前又没有引文，所以此空格处一定是引用了某人的话，因此答案只可能在B、C、D中。但D只是一句引用的话，并没有提及是谁说的，这不符常理，故排除。B虽然提到了Kassin，但没有对其身份进行说明，这也不符“第一次提到某人时要有说明”的习惯（实际上他出现在第五段），故排除B。因此只能选C，从内容上看也符合。

3、How to Interview PeopleInterviewing (采访) is one of those skills that you can only get better at. You will never again feel so ill at ease when you try it fｏｒthe first time, ａｎｄ　probably you\'ll never feel entirely comfortable trying to get from another person answers that he ｏｒshe may be too shy to reveal. But at least half of the skill is mechanical. The rest is instinct, which can all be learned with experience.The basic tools fｏｒan interview are paper ａｎｄ　two ｏｒthree well-sharpened pencils. But keep your notebook ｏｒpaper out of sight until you need it. There\'s nothing less likely to relax a person than the arrival of someone with a note-taking pad. ______ Take a while just to chat, judging what sort of person you\'re dealing with, getting him ｏｒher to trust you.Never go into an interview without doing whatever homework you can. If you are interviewing a town official, know his voting record. If it\'s an actor, know what plays he has been in. You will not be liked if you inquire about facts that you could have learned in advance.Many beginning interviewers are afraid that they are forcing the other person to answer questions ａｎｄ　have no right to inquire about his personal secrets. This fear is almost 103 percent unnecessary. Unless the person really hates being interviewed, he is delighted that somebody wants to interview him. Most men ａｎｄ　women lead lives that are uninteresting, ａｎｄ　they grasp any chance to talk to an outsider who seems eager to listen.This doesn\'t necessarily mean that it will go well. In general you will be talking to people who have never been interviewed before, ａｎｄ　they will get used to the process awkwardly, perhaps not giving you anything that you can use. Come back another day; it will go better. You will both even begin to enjoy it-proof that you aren\'t forcing your victim to do something he doesn\'t really want to.【单选题】

A.Come back another day; it will go better.

B.But at least half of the skill is mechanical.

C.As one philosopher interviewed in the film notes, they lack irony.

D.You will not be liked if you inquire about facts that you could have learned in advance.

E.This fear is almost 101 percent unnecessary.

F.Both of you need time to get to know each other.

正确答案:F

答案解析:前面提到不要使用a note-taking pad，后面Take a while just to chat，很显然作者强调的是不要开门见山地拿出小本开始记录，要花时间chat以增进相互之间的了解。所以选F。

4、Some Unusual CelebrationsSome holidays are well - known all around the world. Among them are New Year\'s Eve celebrations. Also common are days in honｏｒof love ａｎｄ　friendship, like Valentine\'s Day. Each country has its own special holidays too, often to mark important events in its history. Schools, banks ａｎｄ　government offices all close on days like these. Some of the days people celebrate, however, are less serious. A few of them are really very strange.Of course, they are not strange to the people who celebrate them. Perhaps that is because the celebrations have long traditions. Consider April Fool\'s Day, fｏｒexample. No one knows when ｏｒwhy it began. Today it is celebrated in many countries—France, Englａｎｄ　ａｎｄ　Australia, among others. On this day, people play practical jokes. Jokes are supposed to be funny, but these jokes do not make everyone laugh. The ones who laugh are the ones playing the jokes. The people they fool often get angry. Does celebrating this day make sense to you?Dyngus Day in Polａｎｄ　seems strange too. On this day, it is traditional fｏｒboys to pour water over the heads of girls. Here is the strangest part, they do it to girls they like.Other unusual celebrations take place in a single city ｏｒtown. A holiday called La Tomatina is celebrated in Bunol, Spain. Every year, in late August, big trucks carry more than 200,000 pounds of tomatoes into this little town. Then begins the world-s biggest food fight. Fｏｒtwo hours, people in the streets throw tomatoes at each other. Everyone ends up red from head to toe.August 10 marks the start of the Puck Fair, an Irish festival with a very unusual tradition. People from the town of Killorglin go up into the mountains ａｎｄ　catch a wild goat. _____There are also some celebrations that are really strange. In the United States, sometimes one person gets an idea fｏｒa new holiday ａｎｄ　tries to get others to accept it. Whose idea was Public Sleeping Day? That one is on February 28. It may seem strange, but it sounds like more fun than the one on February 29. That is supposed to be Toothache Day.Do you like the idea of inventing a new holiday? If you do, then you will want to mark March 26 on your calendar. That is Make Up Your Own Holiday Day.【单选题】

A.They bring him back to town, put a crown on his head, ａｎｄ　make him king fｏｒthree days.

B.Some of the days people celebrate, however, are less serious.

C.That is supposed to be Toothache Day.

D.Then begins the world-s biggest food fight.

E.Some people have fun imagining new holidays.

F.Jokes are supposed to be funny, but these jokes do not make everyone laugh.

正确答案:A

答案解析:本题有一定难度，文章此处讨论的是爱尔兰一个奇怪的节日，山羊节，回来看选项，只有A符合上下文逻辑，是答案。

5、A Bad IdeaThink you can walk, drive, take phone calls, e - mail ａｎｄ　listen to music at the same time 7 Well, New York\'s new law says you can\'t. _____. The law went into force last month, following research ａｎｄ　a shocking number of accidents that involved people using electronic gadgets (小巧机械) when crossing the street.Who\'s to blame? Scientists say that our multitasking (多任务处理) abilities are limited. "We are under the impression that our brain can do more than it often can," says Rene Marois, a neuroscientist (神经科学家) in Tennessee. "But a core limitation is the inability to concentrate on two things at once."The young people are often considered the great multitaskers. However, an Oxford University research suggests this perception is open to question. Aｇｒｏｕｐof 18 to 21 years old ａｎｄ　aｇｒｏｕｐof 35 to 39 years old were given 90 seconds to translate images into numbers, using a simple code. The youngerｇｒｏｕｐdid 10 percent better when not interrupted. But when both groups were interrupted by a phone call ｏｒan instant message, the olderｇｒｏｕｐmatched the youngerｇｒｏｕｐin speed ａｎｄ　accuracy.It is difficult to measure the productivity lost by multitaskers. Jonathan Spira, chief analyst at Basex, a business - research firm, estimates that the cost of interruptions to the American economy is nearly $ 650 billion a year. The estimate is based on surveys with office workers. The surveys conclude that 28 percent of the workers\' time was spent on interruptions ａｎｄ　recovery time before they returned to their main tasks.【单选题】

A.Talking on a cell phone while driving brings you joy anyway.

B.The estimate is based on surveys with office workers.

C.The youngerｇｒｏｕｐdid 10 percent better when not interrupted.

D.However, an Oxford University research suggests this perception is open to question.

E.Scientists say that our multitasking (多任务处理) abilities are limited.

F.ａｎｄ　you\'ll be fined $ 100 if you do so on a New York city street.

正确答案:F

答案解析:本题难度不是很大。可用排除法和代入法。本题的上文谈到纽约新的法律规定在走路开车时不能打电话，发邮件，听音乐，下文转到谈新法律发生效力时间，所以可以推断此处会继续跟着上文展开阐述，应该讲如果你做了会导致什么结果，回来看选项，把F代入文中，符合逻辑，答案是F。