2024年职称英语考试《理工类》考试共65题，分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理精选模拟习题10道，附答案解析，供您考前自测提升！

1、DietPersons who are overweight should watch their diet carefully in ｏｒｃｅｒto lose pounds. The best way to do this is to start a weight control program. At first it is wise to talk with your doctor. He can advise you of the number of calories you should have in your meals each day. He can tell you about exercising while on your diet. A good rule is to lose slowly. A loss ofa pound ｏｒtwo is plenty. Plan meals around foods you know. This means that it is wise to include foods that you are used to ａｎｄ　that are part of your regular eating habits. When you have lost the weight you wish, simple items can be added to your diet so that you can maintain the weight you want. While you are dieting, try to build a pattern of eating that you can follow later to maintain your desired weight. When dieting, choose low-calorie foods. Avoid such items as fats, fried food, sweets, cakes, cream ａｎｄ　soft drinks. Try to take coffee ａｎｄ　tea without sugar ｏｒcream. Snacks can be part of your diet. Fｏｒexample, a piece of fruit ｏｒa simple dessert saved from mealtime can be eaten between meals. Keep busy! This way you will not be tempted to go off the diet. Make full use of opportunities to exercise. Try walking instead of riding whenever possible. Happy dieting !When you have lost the weight you wish, you can ______【单选题】

A.have some more simple items in your diet

B.eat more ａｎｄ　more foods you like

C.stop dieting

D.tell the doctｏｒwhat you\'ve done

正确答案:A

答案解析:依据是原文第2段“When you have lost the weight you wish，simple items can be added to your diet so that you can maintain the weight you want”（减到理想体重以后，就可以吃一些简单的食物）。

2、The thief was finally captured two miles away from the village.【单选题】

A.caught

B.killed

C.found

D.jailed

正确答案:A

答案解析:最终，小偷在逃出村子两英里后被抓了。captured指“抓获”，和caught“抓住”是近义词，B项指“杀掉”，C项指“找到”，D项指“拘留”，最佳答案只能是A。

3、BudgetA budget is a spending plan. It can help you spend money wisely. It can do this by cutting out wasteful spending. Of course, preparing a budget takes planning, ａｎｄ　following a budget takes will power. Your budget should meet your family\'s needs ａｎｄ　income. The first step in creating a budget is to ｓｅｔyour goals. What does your family need ａｎｄ　wants. You must know this to work out the details of the budget. Keep goals realistic, in terms of income available. Then decide which goals are the most important. The next step is estimating family income. Before you can plan wisely, you need to know how much money you have to spend! Write down all the money you expect to receive (wages, savings, interest, etc.) during the planned budget period. After you have calculated how much money will be available, it is time to estimate expenses. List all of your family expenses. If you are not satisfied with what you got fｏｒyour money, look carefully at your spending. Studying your records will show where overspending has occurred. It will also point out poｏｒbuying habits. It is also a good idea to ｓｅｔaside a small amount of money fｏｒemergencies. Every family has small emergencies: a blown tire, a broken device, ｏｒthe need fｏｒminｏｒmedical care. One advantage of keeping a record of your spending is that____. 【单选题】

A.you will remember how much you have already spent

B.you will know if you have spent more money than you planned

C.you will be able to tell your family what should not be bought

D.you will learn how to make a better budget next time

正确答案:B

答案解析:第5段讲了“Studying your records will show where overspending has occurred. It will also point out poｏｒbuying habits”（消费记录可以找出哪里超支了，或者可以发现一些不良购买习惯）。所以B是正确答案。

4、WaterThe second most important constituent (构成成份) of the biosphere (生物圈) is liquid water. This can only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures, since water freezes at 0℃ ａｎｄ　boils at 100℃. Life as we know it would only be possible on the surface of a planet which had temperatures somewhere within this narrow range.The earth\'s supply of water probably remains fairly constant in quantity. The total quantity of water is not known very accurately, but it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe to a depth of about two ａｎｄ　three - quarter kilometers. Most of it is in the form of the salt water of the oceans about 97 percent. The rest is fresh, but three -quarters of this is in the form of ice at the Poles ａｎｄ　on mountains, ａｎｄ　cannot be used by living systems until melted. Of the remaining fraction, which is somewhat less than one percent of the whole, there is 10 -20 times as much stored underground water as there is actually on the surface. There is also a tiny, but extremely important fraction of the water supply which is present as water vapour in the atmosphere.Water vapour in the atmosphere is the channel through which the whole water circulation (循环) of the biosphere has to pass. Water evaporated (蒸发) from the surface of the oceans, from lakes ａｎｄ　rivers ａｎｄ　from moist (潮湿的) earth is added to it. From it the water comes out again as rain ｏｒsnow, falling on either the sea ｏｒthe land. There is, as might be expected, a more intensive evaporation per unit area over the sea ａｎｄ　oceans than over the land, but there is more rainfall over the lａｎｄ　than over the oceans ａｎｄ　the balance is restored by the runoff from the lａｎｄ　in the form of rivers.Most of the flesh water on Earth ______.【单选题】

A.is stored underground

B.is in the form of ice at the Poles ａｎｄ　on mountains

C.is found in rivers ａｎｄ　lakes

D.comes from the rain

正确答案:B

答案解析:本题有一定难度，需要认真读懂文章句意，答案依据比较明显，在文章第二段第四句，谈到剩下1/3的淡水以冰的形式存在在南北两极和高山上，回来看选项，B项是其近义解释，所以正确，答案是B。

5、Walking to Exercise the BrainDo you think sitting ａｎｄ　studying all the time will improve students grades? Think again. Getting some exercise may help, too.New research with older people suggests that taking regular walks helps them pay attention better than if they didn\'t exercise.Previous research had shown that mice learn, remember ａｎｄ　pay attention better after a few weeks of working out on a running wheel. Mice that exercise have greater blood flow to the brain than those who don\'t. Their brain cells also make more connections.Neuroscientists (神经科学家) from the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign wanted to find out if the same thing is true fｏｒpeople. First, they measured the physical fitness of 41 adults, ages 58 to 77, after each person walked I mile. Then, participants looked at arrows on a computer screen ａｎｄ　had to use computer keys to show which way one particular arrow was pointing.Adults who were physically fit were faster at the arrow task, ａｎｄ　their answers were just as accurate as their less - fit peers, the researchers found. The fitter participants also had more blood flow to a part of their brain responsible fｏｒpaying attention ａｎｄ　making decisions.In a second study, 15 elderly people who completed a 6 - month aerobic - training (有氧运动) course were faster at attention tasks compared with 14 seniors who just did stretching ａｎｄ　toning (韵律操) exercises fｏｒthe same amount of time.So, even going fｏｒa walk every 2 ｏｒ3 days fｏｒjust 10 to 45 minutes can help. That should be good news fｏｒthe elderly.The effects of exercising on the brains of younger people haven\'t been studied yet. Still, it can\'t hurt to take occasional breaks ａｎｄ　go fｏｒa walk ｏｒrun around with friends. Whatever you do, though, don\'t try to read ａｎｄ　walk at the same time. You could end up hurting yourself!The first study on 41 elderly people found ______.【单选题】

A.the less - fit participants did arrow tasks faster

B.the fitter participants did arrow tasks faster

C.the less - fit participants gave more accurate answers

D.the fitter participants gave more accurate answers

正确答案:B

答案解析:本题有一定难度，需要认真阅读文章。答案依据在文章第五段。带着题干信息词回到文章定位。第五段第一句谈到，研究者发现身体健康的成年人完成箭头测试的速度更快，回来看选项，很明显，B是近义解释，是答案。

6、The GuitarThe Museum of Fine Arts in the eastern city of Boston recently began showing a collection of guitars. The exhibit is called Dangerous Curves: The Art of the Guitar. It shows how the instrument developed during the past four centuries. Probably no other musical instrument is as popular around the world as the guitar. Musicians use the guitar fｏｒalmost every kind of music. Country ａｎｄ　western music would not be the same without a guitar. The traditional Spanish folk music called Flamenco could not exist without a guitar. The sound of American blues music would not be the same without the sad cry of the guitar. ａｎｄ　rock ａｎｄ　roll music would almost be impossible without this instrument. Music experts do not agree about where the guitar first was played. Most agree it is ancient. Some experts say an instrument very much like a guitar was played in Egypt more than a thousａｎｄ　years ago. Some other experts say that the ancestｏｒof the modern guitar was brought to Spain from Persia sometime in the twelfth century. The guitar continued to develop in Spain. In the seventeen-hundred it became similar to the instrument we know today. Many famous musicians played the instrument. The famous Italian violinist Niccolo Paganinni played ａｎｄ　wrote music fｏｒthe guitar in the early eighteen hundred. Franz Schubert used the guitar to write some ofhis famous works. One guitar in the Boston Fine Arts display was played by Les Paul. It is a very old electric guitar. Mister Parl began experimenting with ways to make an electric guitar in the nineteen-thirties. The Gibson Guitar Company began producing its famous Les Parl Guitar in 1952. The instrument has the same shape ａｎｄ　the same six strings as the traditional guitar, but it sounds very different. The guitar has always been important to blues music. The electric guitar Mister Paul helped develop made modern blues music possible. There have been many great blues guitarists. Yet, music experts say all blues guitar players are measured against one man ａｎｄ　his famous guitar. That man is B-B King. Every blues fan knows that years ago B-B King named his guitar Lucille. Lucille is so important to American music that the Smithsonian Institution in Washington D-C has asked fｏｒit. They want to display the large, beautiful black guitar in one of the museums because it is a part ofAmerican culture. Guitar is more popular than any other musical instrument in the world. 【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

正确答案:A

答案解析:本题说的是吉他比世上任何乐器都更加受欢迎。第2段第1句和第2句说的正是这个意思。

7、Don\'t Rely on Plankton to Save the PlanetEncouraging plankton growth in the ocean has been touted by some as a promising way to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Its opponents fear that will damage the marine ecosystem, ａｎｄ　now a computer model shows that the trick would also be remarkably inefficient.Adding iron to patched of ocean can make plankton bloom temporarily. The microscopic organisms suck up dissolved carbon dioxide from the water, which in turn is replaced by carbon dioxide from the air. As plankton die ａｎｄ　settle on the ocean floor, their carbon is supposedly locked up in the seabed.Jorge Sarmiento from Princeton ａｎｄ　his colleagues developed a complex computer model to analyze how factors such as ocean chemistry ａｎｄ　water circulation would affect the process if 160,000 square kilometers of ocean were seeded with iron fｏｒa month. They found that 100 years later only between 2 ａｎｄ　13 percent of the extra carbon that was originally taken up plankton had actually been removed from the atmosphere.In their scenario, which covers an area 10 times as big as the largest experiment of this kind ever proposed, fertilizing the ocean removes 1 million tons of carbon from the atmosphere just 0.2 percent of the carbon dioxide humankind spews out each month. Rough estimates in the past have predicted similarly disappointing results. ______ says Sallie Chisholm, an environmental engineer from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology."Butthe take-home message is the same. Ocean fertilization is not the answer to global warming."【单选题】

A.Its opponents argue, however, that it will stop global warming.

B.Its opponents fear that will damage the marine ecosystem, ａｎｄ　now a computer model shows that the trick would also be remarkably inefficient.

C.As plankton die ａｎｄ　settle on the ocean floor, their carbon is supposedly locked up in the seabed.

D.They found that 100 years later only between 2 ａｎｄ　14 percent of the extra carbon that was originally taken up plankton had actually been removed from the atmosphere.

E."These are newer ａｎｄ　better models,"

F.Ocean fertilization is not the answer to global warming.

正确答案:E

答案解析:空白后句中的动词says暗示“引文”内容。考点：句子结构之间的逻辑关系。

8、About one million Americans are diagnosed annually with skin cancer.【单选题】

A.every year

B.severely

C.actively

D.every month

正确答案:A

答案解析:题干大意：每年大约有100万美国人被诊断为皮肤癌。画线词annually：每年。选项中，every year：每年。severely：严重的。如：The report says the drugs had meaningful results only in the most severely depressed patients. 这个报告指出药物只是对于最严重的抑郁症患者有显著效果。actively：积极地。如：Just as a rider\'s weight shifts can help sustain the equilibrium of a wobbly bicycle, actively balancing the lift forces on each wingtip is key to aircraft roll control. 骑自行车的人移动重心有助于稳定摇晃的自行车，就飞机而言也一样，要控制转动动作，关键就在于主动平衡左右翼尖的升力。

9、Science Fiction1 Amongst the most popular books being written today are those that are usually classified asscience fiction. Hundreds of titles are published every year ａｎｄ　are read by all kinds of people. Furthermore, some of the most successful films of recent years have been based on science fiction stories. 2 It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature, but its ancestors can be found in books written hundreds of years ago. These books were often concerned with the presentation of some forms of ideal society, a theme that is still often found in modern stories. 3 Most of the classics of science fiction, however, have been written within the last hundred years. Books by writers such as Jules Verve ａｎｄ　H. G Wells, to mention just two well known authors, have been translated into many languages. 4 Modern science fiction writers don\'t write about men from Mars ｏｒspace adventure stories. They are more interested in predicting the results of technical developments on society ａｎｄ　the human mind; ｏｒin imagining future worlds that are a reflection of the world that we live in now. Because of this their writing has obvious political undertones (涵义). 5 In an age where science fact frequently overtakes (超过) science fiction, the writers may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances. Those who are sufficiently clear-sighted to see the way we are going, however, may provide a valuable lesson on how to deal with the problems which society will inevitably face as it tries to master its new technology. Books written by J.Verne are____. 【单选题】

A.concerned with the problems that we will have to solve in the future

B.reading books of science fiction

C.political implication

D.a recurrent theme

E.read worldwide

F.translated into many languages

正确答案:E

答案解析:本题答案的依据是在第3段的最后一句，文章说著名科幻小说家Jules Verne的书被翻译成了多种语言，世界上许多国家的人都能读到他的书，故选E。

10、Shopping at Second - hａｎｄ　Clothing StoresWhen 33 year old Pete Barth was in college, shopping at second hａｎｄ　clothing stores was just something he did- "like changing the tires on his car." He looked at his budget ａｎｄ　decided he could save a lot of money by shopping fｏｒclothes at thrift shops."Even new clothes are fairly disposable (用后即丢掉的) ａｎｄ　wear out after a couple of years," Barth said. "In thrift shops, you can find some great stuff whose quality is better than new clothes."Since then, Barth, who works at a Goodwill thrift shop in the US state of Florida, has found that there are all kinds of reasons fｏｒshopping fｏｒsecond - hａｎｄ　clothing. Some people, like him, shop to save money. Some shop fｏｒa crazy - looking shirt. ａｎｄ　some shop as a mean conserving energy ａｎｄ　helping the environment.Pat Akins, an accountant at a Florida Salvation Army (SA) (救世军) thrift shop, said that, fｏｒher, shopping at thrift shops is a way to help the environment."When my daughter was little, we looked at it as recycling," Akins said. "Also, why pay 30 dollars fｏｒa new coat when you can get another one fｏｒa lot less?"Akins said that the SA has shops all over the US- "some as big as department stores. All of the clothes are donated (捐赠), ａｎｄ　when they have a surplus (盈余), they\'ll have" stuff a bag" specials, where customers can fill a grocery sack with clothes fｏｒonly 5 ｏｒ10 dollars.Julia Slocum, 22, points out, however, that the huge amount of second - hａｎｄ　clothing in the US is the result of American wastefulness."I\'d say that second - hａｎｄ　stores are the result of our wasteful, materialistic culture," said Slocum, who works fｏｒa pro - conservation organization, the center of a New American Dream. "Thrift shops prevent that waste from going to landfills (垃圾填埋场). They give clothing a second life, provide cheaper clothing fｏｒthose who can\'t afford to buy new ones ａｎｄ　generate (创造) income fｏｒcharities. They also provide a way fｏｒthe wealthy ａｎｄ　middle classes to shed (摆脱) the guilt fｏｒtheir level of consumption.Thrift shops can do everything EXCEPT ______. 【单选题】

A.give clothing a second life

B.generate income fｏｒcharities

C.provide cheaper clothes fｏｒthe poor

D.stop rich people from wasting money

正确答案:D

答案解析:本题有一定难度，需要认真阅读文章，答案依据在文章最后一段。最后一段谈到，旧货店给了服装二次生命，给那些买不起新衣服的人提供便宜衣服，还把一些收入捐给慈善机构，但没有提到阻止富人浪费钱，所以答案是D。