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2024年职称英语考试《理工类》考试共65题,分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理阅读理解分析5道练习题,附答案解析,供您备考练习。
1、Arctic MeltEarth\'s North and South Poles are famous forbeing cold and icy. Last year, however, the amount of ice in the Arctic Ocean (北冰群) fell to a record low.Normally, ice builds in Arctic waters around the North Pole each winter and shrinks(缩小) during the summer. But formany years, the amount of ice left by the end of summer has been declining.Since 1979, each decade has seen an 11.4 percent drepin end of summer ice cover. Between 1981 and 2000, ice in the Arctic lost 22 percent of its thickness, becoming 1.13 meters thinner.Last summer, Arctic sea ice reached its thinnest levels. By the end of summer 2007, the ice had shrunk to cover just 4.2 million square kilometers. That\'s 38 percent less area than the average cover at that time of year. and it\'s a very large 23 percent below the previous record low, which was setjust 2 years ago. This continuing trend has made scientists concerned to.There may be several reasons forthe ice melt, says Jinlun Zhang, an oceanographer (海洋学家)at the University of Washington in Seattle. Unusually strong winds blew through the Arctic last summer. The winds pushed much of the ice out of the central Arctic, leaving a large area of thin ice and open water.Scientists also suspect that fewer clouds cover the Arctic now than in the past. Clearer skies allow more sunlight to reach the ocean. The extra heat warms both the water and the atmosphere. In parts of the Arctic Ocean last year, surface temperatures were 3.57 Celsius warmer than the average and 1.5c warmer than the previous record.With both air and water getting warmer, the ice is melting from both above and below. In some parts of the Beaufort Sea, north of Alaska and western Canada, ice that measured 3.3 meters thick at the beginning of the summer was measured just 50 cm by season\'s endThe new measurements suggest that melting is far more severe than the thinking of scientists. Some scientists fear that the Arctic is stuck in a warming trend.The Beaufort Sea mentioned in paragraph 7 is an example to show ______.【单选题】
A.how accurate the new measurements are
B.how thick the ice is in it
C.how serious the problem of the ice melt in the Arctic is
D.how dangerous it is to travel to it
正确答案:C
答案解析:本题难度不大,答案依据比较明显,文章第七段和第八段谈到,夏天冰层以超出科学家预料的速度迅速融化,答案是C。
2、Arctic MeltEarth\'s North and South Poles are famous forbeing cold and icy. Last year, however, the amount of ice in the Arctic Ocean (北冰群) fell to a record low.Normally, ice builds in Arctic waters around the North Pole each winter and shrinks(缩小) during the summer. But formany years, the amount of ice left by the end of summer has been declining.Since 1979, each decade has seen an 11.4 percent drepin end of summer ice cover. Between 1981 and 2000, ice in the Arctic lost 22 percent of its thickness, becoming 1.13 meters thinner.Last summer, Arctic sea ice reached its thinnest levels. By the end of summer 2007, the ice had shrunk to cover just 4.2 million square kilometers. That\'s 38 percent less area than the average cover at that time of year. and it\'s a very large 23 percent below the previous record low, which was setjust 2 years ago. This continuing trend has made scientists concerned to.There may be several reasons forthe ice melt, says Jinlun Zhang, an oceanographer (海洋学家)at the University of Washington in Seattle. Unusually strong winds blew through the Arctic last summer. The winds pushed much of the ice out of the central Arctic, leaving a large area of thin ice and open water.Scientists also suspect that fewer clouds cover the Arctic now than in the past. Clearer skies allow more sunlight to reach the ocean. The extra heat warms both the water and the atmosphere. In parts of the Arctic Ocean last year, surface temperatures were 3.57 Celsius warmer than the average and 1.5c warmer than the previous record.With both air and water getting warmer, the ice is melting from both above and below. In some parts of the Beaufort Sea, north of Alaska and western Canada, ice that measured 3.3 meters thick at the beginning of the summer was measured just 50 cm by season\'s endThe new measurements suggest that melting is far more severe than the thinking of scientists. Some scientists fear that the Arctic is stuck in a warming trend.By the end of summer 2007 the ice cover in the Arctic was ______【单选题】
A.38 million square kilometers
B.4.2 million square kilometers
C.1.13 million square kilometers
D.11.4 million square kilometers
正确答案:B
答案解析:本题难度不大,答案依据比较明显,文章第四段第二句谈到了,到2007年夏季结束时,冰层缩减至仅覆盖420万平方公里,所以答案是B。
3、Medicine Award Kicks off Nobel Prize AnnouncementsTwo scientists who have won praise forresearch into the growth of cancer cells could be candidates forthe Nobel Prize in medicine when the 2008 winners are presented on Monday, kicking off six days of Nobel announcements. Australian-born U. S. citizen Elizabeth Blackburn and American Carol Greider have already won a series of medical honors fortheir enzyme research and experts say they could be among the front-runners fora Nobel. Only seven women have won the medicine prize since the first Nobel Prizes were handed out in 1901. The last female winner was U. S. researcher Linda Buck in 2004, who shared the prize with Richard Axel. Among the pair\'s possible rivals are Frenchman Pierre Chambon and Americans Ronald Evans and Elwood Jensen, who opened up the field of studying proteins called nuclear hormone receptors. As usual, the award committee is giving no hints about who is in the running before presenting its decision in a news conference at Stockholm\'s Karolinska Institute. Alfred Nobel, the Swede who invented dynamite, established the prizes in his will in the categories of medicine, physics, chemistry, literature and peace. The economics prize is technically not a Nobel but a 1968 creation of Sweden\'s central bank. Nobel left few instructions on how to select-winners, but medicine winners are typically awarded fora specific breakthrough rather than a body of research. Hans Jornvall, secretary of the medicine prize committee, said the 10 million kronor(US$1. 3 million) prize encourages groundbreaking research but he did not think winning it was the primary goal forscientists. "Individual researchers probably don\'t look at themselves as potential Nobel Prize winners when they\'re at work," Jornvall told The Associated Press. "They get their kicks from their research and their interest in how life functions. "In 2006, Blackburn, of the University of California, "San Francisco, and Greider, of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, shared the Lasker prize forbasic medical research with Jack Szostak of Harvard Medical School. Their work setthe stage forresearch suggesting that cancer cells use telomerase to sustain their uncontrolled growthThe word "kicks" in line 6 from the bottom probably means____. 【单选题】
A.excitement.
B.income.
C.motivation.
D.knowledge.
正确答案:A
答案解析:从上下文不难看出,科学家搞研究的主要目的不是为了获奖,他们从其所从事的研究及生命运行的兴趣中获得很大快感。
4、The orangutanAmong all the animals, the ape is most like human beings. Both people and apes have the similar brain structure, the similar nerve system, and the similar kind of blood. There are four kinds of apes: the chimpanzee (黑猩猩), the orangutan (猩猩), the gorilla (大猩猩), and the gibbon (长臂猿). They live in the deep forests and warm tropical regions of Africa and of Southeast Asia, including Indonesia. All apes are covered with brown, reddish-brown, orblack hair everywhere on their bodies except their faces, feet, and hands. Their hands each have four fingers and a thumb that helps them grip things the way our thumbs help us. But they also have a thumb on each foot instead of a big toe. Thus they can hold things with their feet also. Having short, weak legs, apes do not walk on the ground very much. However, their arms are very strong. This enables them to swing from branches and travel very quickly from tree to tree. These animals live in small family groups that move from place to place in search of vegetables and fruits. They also eat eggs, small animals, nuts, and insects. When they are tired, they build nests in the trees. But they rarely sleep there formore than a night ortwo. Then they move on to look formore food. There are some differences among the following three kids of apes. The gibbon is never more than three feet high and weight only about fourteen pounds. The gorilla grows to be six feet tall and weight up to 600 pounds. The orangutan is smaller than the gorilla. It stands three to five feet tall and weight up to 200 pounds. Chimpanzees are the smartest of all apes. They can be taught to sit at a table and eat, to dress themselves, and to do things that human children can do. Which of the following sentences is TRUE?【单选题】
A.All apes are brown orblack.
B.All parts of apes\' bodies are covered with hair.
C.Apes have weak legs but very strong arms.
D.Apes\' arms are strong enough to swim.
正确答案:C
答案解析:由文章第3段倒数第2句和第3句可知,猿的腿短而无力,但手臂很强壮,故选C。倒数第1句说强壮的手臂使得猿能够swing而不是swim,排除D。由该段第1句和第2句可排除A、B。
5、HalloweenHalloween is an autumn holiday that Americans celebrate every year. It means "holy evening", and it comes every October 31, the evening before All-Saints Day. It used to be thought the most wonderful night of the year. It was the night when witches and evil spirits came back on earth. People kept up many strange old customs in an effort to keep these evil things away. Farmers used to light big fires in their fields, and the farm workers and their families would walk around the fields singing old songs. Sometimes they would stop to hear the local priest offer prayers to the good spirits, and ask them to help keep the evil ones away. Great care was taken that none of the farm animals were left in the fields. They would all be locked up safely in their stables, and over each of the stable doors a few rowan leaves would be hung. Witches and evil spirits would not go anywhere near the rowan tree. In more recent times, Halloween has become a time forthe parties, when children dress up as witches and play all kinds of special games. After the games there is often a big supper with plenty of pumpkin pie, cakes and a lot of other delicious things to eat. But forthe most part the children enjoy the fun of dressing up and playing their favorite game of "Trick orTreat". They run down each street knocking on the doors crying loudly "Trick orTreat! Money oreat!", and most people have some sweets ormoney ready to give them. Those that do not can expect maybe to have a tyre flattened, ortheir windows covered in soap. orthe children may just knock on the doorand run away. Some children think of other people on Halloween. They carry boxes forUNICEF (The United Nations International Children\'s Emergency Fund). They ask formoney to help poorchildren all around the world. Of course, every time they help UNICEF, they usually receive a treat forthemselves, too. Every autumn, when the vegetables are ready to eat, children pick large orange pumpkins. Then they cut faces in the pumpkins and put lights inside. It looks like there is a person looking out of the pumpkin! These lights are called jack-o\'-lanterns, which means "Jack of the lantern". But in this modern age many of the pumpkins are being replaced with plastic electric ones that can be brought out each year. What did priests do on Halloween?【单选题】
A.They helped farmers light fires and sang songs.
B.They prayed to the good spirits and asked them to help keep the evil ones away.
C.They took care of farm animals forfarmers.
D.They played games with children.
正确答案:B
答案解析:由第1段最后一句可知,有时农夫停下去听当地牧师向天使精灵作祷告,请求他们帮助赶走邪恶精灵。因此选B。
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