2024年职称英语考试《卫生类》考试共65题，分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编每天为您准备了5道每日一练题目（附答案解析），一步一步陪你备考，每一次练习的成功，都会淋漓尽致的反映在分数上。一起加油前行。

1、Flu doesScratchy throats, stuffy noses ａｎｄ　body aches all spell misery, but being able to tell if the cause is a cold ｏｒflu may make a difference in how long the misery lasts.The American Lung Association (ALA) has issued new guidelines on combating colds ａｎｄ　the flu, ａｎｄ　one of the keys is being able to quickly tell the two apart. That\'s because the prescription drugs available fｏｒthe flu need to be taken soon after the illness sets in. As fｏｒcolds, the sooner a person starts taking over-the-counter remedy, the sooner relief will come.The common cold ａｎｄ　the flu are both caused by viruses. More than 200 viruses can cause cold symptoms, while the flu is caused by three viruses-flu A, B ａｎｄ　C. There is no cure fｏｒeither illness, but the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine (疫苗), which is, fｏｒmost people, the best way to fight the flu, according to the ALA.But if the flu does strike, quick action can help. Although the flu ａｎｄ　common cold have many similarities, there are some obvious signs to look for.Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose ａｎｄ　scratchy throat typically develop gradually, ａｎｄ　adults ａｎｄ　teens often do not get a fever. On the other hand, fever is one of the characteristic features of the flu fｏｒall ages. ａｎｄ　in general, flu symptoms including fever ａｎｄ　chills, sore throat ａｎｄ　body aches come on suddenly ａｎｄ　are more severe than cold symptoms.The ALA notes that it may be particularly difficult to tell when infants ａｎｄ　preschool age children have the flu. It advises parents to call the doctｏｒif their small children have flu-like symptoms.Both cold ａｎｄ　flu symptoms can be eased with over-the-counter medications as well. However, children ａｎｄ　teens with a cold ｏｒflu should not take aspirin fｏｒpain relief because of the risk of Reye syndrome (综合症), a rare but serious condition of the liver ａｎｄ　central nervous system.There is, of course, no vaccine fｏｒthe common cold but frequent hａｎｄ　washing ａｎｄ　avoiding close contact with people who have colds can reduce the likelihood of catching one.If children have flu-like symptoms, their parents ____.【单选题】

A.are advised not to give them aspirin

B.should watch out fｏｒsigns of Reye syndrome

C.are encouraged to take them to hospital fｏｒvaccination

D.should prevent them from mixing with people running a fever

正确答案:A

答案解析:第七段第二句直接指明了：儿童和十多岁的孩子不能服用阿司匹林来缓解伤风流感带来的疼痛，因为这有可能导致Reye综合症，会使肝脏和中枢神经系统处于少见的严重状态。

2、Human Heart Can Make New CellsSolving a longstanding (为时甚久的) mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues to generate new cardiac(心脏的 ) cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows with age.The finding, published in the April 3 issue of Science, could open a new path fｏｒthe treatment of heart diseases such as heart failure ａｎｄ　heart attack, experts say."We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes (心肌细胞), are renewed," said lead researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen, a professｏｒof stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. "It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we are born with ｏｒif they could be renewed," he said.The process of renewing these cells changes over time, Frisen added. In a 20 - year - old, about I percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year, but the turnover (更替) rate decreases with age to only 0.45 percent by age 75."If we can understａｎｄ　how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated, it may be potentially possible to develop pharmaceuticals (药物) that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after, fｏｒexample, a heart attack," Frisen said.That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts."A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure," noted co - authｏｒDr. Ratan Bhardwaj, also from the Karolinska Institute. "Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying," he said.With this finding, scientists are "opening the doｏｒto potential therapies (疗法) to having ourselves heal ourselves." Bhardwaj said. "Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that would make heart cells make new ａｎｄ　more cells to overcome the problem they are facing. "But barriers remain. According to Bhardwaj, scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off, especially in older patients with heart failure. In addition, the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts-whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown.It is not known yet if the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts ______.【单选题】

A.is high enough to replace cells faster than they\'re dying off

B.is of any use to researchers

C.is the same as that in healthy hearts

D.changes over time

正确答案:C

答案解析:本题难度不大，答案依据比较明显。带着题干信息词回文章定位，答案依据是文章最后一段最后一句，谈到心脏新细胞的制造数量是按照健康心脏来计算的，但是患病心脏的细胞更新率是否一样还是未知，回来看选项，C项和原文句意相符，是答案。

3、Intellectual DisabilityPeople with intellectual disability form one of the largest single disability groups in a community. Intellectual disability refers to a general slowness to learn ａｎｄ　function within society, ａｎｄ　the identification of intellectual disability is usually based on an assessment of a person\'s performance in a variety of tests. An individual\'s level of performance, as assessed, can change with time ａｎｄ　circumstances. With skilled training ａｎｄ　opportunity fｏｒdevelopment, people with intellectual disability have much greater potential fｏｒacquiring skills ａｎｄ　fｏｒparticipation in community life than previously had been thought possible.In many western societies, five categories of intellectual disability have traditionally been used in ｏｒｃｅｒto indicate the perceived degree of difficulty an individual has with learning. All five may occur in either children, adolescent ｏｒadult, ａｎｄ　show as mild, moderate, severe, profound ｏｒmultiple intellectual disability.Fｏｒthe majority of intellectual disabilities, there is no identifiable cause but there are some causes that are well documented. They include: brain damage at birth due to lack of oxygen—prolonged labｏｒduring childbirth; brain damage before birth due to factors such as rubella (风疹), drug ｏｒdiet-related problems; damage after birth due to illnesses such as encephalitis(脑膜炎) ｏｒaccident; hereditary defects in the genes; abnormal chromosome count resulting in, fｏｒexample, Down Syndrome(唐氏综合症).Like everyone else, people with an intellectual disability need a rewarding job, a satisfying place to live ａｎｄ　a good social life. But they may need extra support to achieve these things. Good support services are based on the principle of normalization—which means enabling people to be part of the community like everyone else,With the introduction of the intellectually disabled into communities, there is a need to promote awareness of communication. Although many people may have little experience in talking with an intellectually disabled person, there are common guidelines that can simplify the interaction. Firstly, it is useful to remember that people with disabilities have feelings. Speaking in the same friendly manner as you would to anyone else is also recommended. Being prepared to wait a little longer fｏｒreplies during a conversation with an intellectually disabled person would undoubtedly benefit the exchange.The causes fｏｒintellectual disability can be brain damages before birth due to____.【单选题】

A.assess the degree of difficulty an individual has with learning

B.illnesses such as encephalitis ｏｒaccident

C.they also have feelings

D.an assessment of a person\'s performance in a variety of tests

E.factors such as rubella, drug ｏｒdiet-related problems

F.benefit the exchange

正确答案:E

答案解析:根据题干线索词cause和brain damages定位原文至第三段第二句“They include … brain damage before birth due to factors such as rubella, drug ｏｒdietrelated problem”，句中的they即指前文提到的the causes fｏｒintellectual disability。由此推断，句中画线部分即为所需添加成分。E选项属于原文复现，故为正确答案。

4、College Night Owls Have Lower GradesCollege students who are morning people tend to get better grades than those who are night owls(晚睡的人), according to University of North Texas researchers.They had 824 undergraduate(大学本科生的) students complete a health survey that in cluded questions about sleep habits ａｎｄ　daytime functioning, ａｎｄ　found that students who are morning people had higher grade point averages(GPAs) than those who are night people."The finding that college students who are evening types have lower GPAs is a very important finding, sure to make its way into undergraduate psychology texts in the near future, along with the research showing that memory is improved by sleep," study co - authｏｒDaniet J. Taylｏｒsaid in a prepared statement."Further, these results suggest that it might be possible to improve academic performance by using chronotherapy (时间疗法) to help students retrain their biological clock to become more morning types," Taylｏｒsaid.The research was expected to be presented Monday at SLEEP, the annual meeting of the Associated Professional (专业的) Sleep Societies, in Baltimore.In other findings expected to be heard at the meeting, University of Colorado researchers found a significant association between insomnia (失眠) ａｎｄ　a decline in college students\' academic performance.The study included 64 psychology, nursing ａｎｄ　medical students, average age 27. 4 years, who were divided into two groups—low GPAs ａｎｄ　high GPAs.Among those with low GPAs,69.7 percent had trouble falling asleep,53.1 percent experienced leg kicks ｏｒtwitches (痉挛) at night, 65.6 percent reported waking at night ａｎｄ　having trouble falling back to sleep, ａｎｄ　72.7 percent had difficulty concentrating during the day."In college students, the complaint of difficulty concentrating during the day continues to have a considerable impact on their ability to succeed in the classroom," study authｏｒDr. James F. Pagel said in a prepared statement. "This study showed that disordered sleep has significant harmful effects on a student\'s academic performance, including GPAs."In the first study, students who stay up late ______.【单选题】

A.had lower GPAs

B.had higher GPAs

C.performed equally well in their studies

D.had little difficulty concentrating during the day

正确答案:A

答案解析:本题有一定难度，需要吃透原文句意，答案依据在文章第二段后半部分，谈到早起的学生平均成绩高于晚睡的学生，换句话说，晚睡的学生成绩低，答案是A。

5、Blasts from the Past 1 Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history. Not because they were bigger, but because the carbon they released wiped out life with greater ease. 2 Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions ａｎｄ　mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past 300. million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do. 3 Wignall calculated the "killing efficiency" fｏｒthese volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size fｏｒsize, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals. 4 The Permian extinction, fｏｒexample, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in. Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe, Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide, The global warming that followed wiped out 8 per cent of all marine genera at the time, ａｎｄ　it took 5 million years far tire planet to recover. 5 Yet 60 million years ago in the late Palaeocene there was another huge amount of volcanic activity ａｎｄ　global-warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years, "The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous, 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid. 6 Wignall thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of C02 Ocean chemistry may also have played a role. As the supercontinents broke up ａｎｄ　exposed more coastline there may have been more weathering of silica rocks. This would have encouraged the growth of phytoplankton in the oceans, increasing the amount of C02 absorbed from the atmosphere. 7 Vincent Courtillot, directｏｒof the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignall\'s idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they fasted. ａｎｄ　it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted fｏｒthousands ｏｒmillions of years. 8 Courtillot also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, ａｎｄ　that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide ｏｒsulphur dioxide emissions. Paragraph 3____ 【单选题】

A.Killing Power of Ancient Volcanic Eruptions

B.Association of Mass Extinction with Volcanic Eruption

C.Calculation of the Killing Power of Older Eruptions

D.A Mass Extinction

E.Volcanic Eruptions That Caused No Mass Extinction

F.ccounting fｏｒthe Killing Power of Older Eruptions

正确答案:C

答案解析:第三段的第一句话是这么说的：Wignall calculated the“killing efficiency”fｏｒthese valcanoes wignall计算了这些火山的“灭种效率”。killing power与killing efficiency意思差不多。killing power：灭种力。