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2023年职称英语考试《理工类》考试共65题,分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理精选模拟习题10道,附答案解析,供您考前自测提升!
1、Seeing Red Means Danger AheadThe colorred often means danger and by paying attention, accidents can be prevented. In the future, the colorred also may help prevent danger at construction sites. Thanks to new work by engineers, bridge supports orother kinds of materials could one day contain a colorswitching material. It will turn red before a structure collapses orfalls apart. The secret behind the colorswitching material is a particular type of molecule. A molecule is agroupof atoms held together by chemical bonds. Molecules come at all shapes and sizes, and make up everything. You can see, touch orfeel. How a molecule behaves depends on ______ kinds of atoms it contains, and how they\'re held together. When a polymer (聚合物) containing a colorswitching molecule called a mechanophore (机械响应性聚合物) which is about to break, it produce a color. When a polymer with mechanophore molecules becomes "injured" orweak, one of the mechanophore bonds breaks and the material turns red. "It\'s a really simple detection method. "says Nancy Sottos, one of the scientists who worked on the project. Sottos and her team tested the colorswitching polymers in their lab. The test results proved encouraging. There is a way to get rid of the colorlight when a bright light is shone on the mechanophore. The broken bond is fixed and the red colordisappears. This "self-healing" may be a problem forengineers. They need to use the colorchanger in big construction projects that will be outside in sunlight. and sunlight will make the mechanophore\'s warming system useless. Sottos and her fellow scientists still have a lot of work to do before the colorswitching molecules can be used outside the lab. 【单选题】
A.why
B.how
C.what
D.where
正确答案:C
答案解析:本句的意思是分子的行为取决于组合成分子的原子种类和它们的组合方式。所以kind前应加what。
2、Singing Alarms Could Save the BlindIf you cannot see, you may not be able to find your way out of a burning building and that could be fatal. A company in Leeds could change all that with directional sound alarms capable of guiding you to the exit. Sound Alert, a company run by the University of Leeds, is installing the alarms in a residential home forblind people in Sommersetand a resource centre forthe blind in Columbia. The alarms produce a wide range of frequencies that enable the brain to determine where the ______ is coming from. Deborah Withington of Sound Alert says that the alarms use most of the frequencies that can be heard by humans. "It\'s a burst of white noise that people say sounds like static on the radio," she says. "Its life-saving potential is great."She conducted an experiment in which people were filmed by thermal-imaging cameras trying to find their way out of a large smoke-filled room. It took them nearly four minutes to find the doorwithout a sound alarm, but only 15 seconds with one. Withington studies how the brain processes sounds at the university. She says that the source of a wide band of frequencies can be pinpointed more easily than the source of a narrow band. Alarms basedon the same concept have already been installed on emergency vehicles. The alarms will also include rising orfalling frequencies to indicate whether people should go up ordown stairs. They were developed with the aid of a large grant from British Nuclear Fuels. 【单选题】
A.noise
B.sound
C.music
D.bell
正确答案:B
答案解析:句子前半句是说a wide range of frequencies,所以发出的应是sound,因此答案选B。
3、What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe?What is the coldest air temperature ever recorded on the Earth? Where was this low temperature recorded? The coldest recorded temperature on Earth was - 91℃, which occurred in Antarctica (南极洲) in 1983.We encounter an interesting situation when we discuss temperatures in space.Temperatures in Earth orbit actually range from about +120℃ to - 120℃. The temperature depends upon whether you are in direct sunlight orshade. Obviously, -120℃ is colder than our body can _____ endure. Thank NASA science forwell, de signed space suits that protect astronauts from these temperature extremes.The space temperatures just discussed affect only our areal of the solar system. Obviously, it is hotter closer to the Sun and colder as we travel away from the Sun. Astronomers estimate temperatures at Pluto are about - 210℃. How cold is the lowest estimated temperature in the entire universe? Again, it depends upon your location. We are taught it is supposedly impossible to have a temperature below absolute zero, which is - 273℃, at which atoms do not move. Two scientists, whose names are Cornell and Wieman, have successfully cooled down a gas to a temperature barely above absolute zero. They won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 fortheir work, not a discovery, in this case.Why is the two scientists\' work so important to science?In the 1920s, Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting theory about special light particles we now call photons (光子). Bose had trouble convincing other scientists to believe his theory, so he contacted Albert Einstein. Einstein\'s calculations helped him theorize that atoms would behave as Bose thought—but only at very cold temperatures.Scientists have also discovered that ultra - cold(超冷) atoms can help them make the world\'s atomic clocks even more accurate. These clocks are so accurate today they would only lose one second every six million years! Such accuracy will help us travel in space because distance is velocity times time 4 ( d = v×t). With the long distances involved in space travel, we need to know time as accurately as possible to get accurate distance.【单选题】
A.safely
B.sadly
C.repeatedly
D.freely
正确答案:A
答案解析:本题有一定难度,考查词义辨析,但干扰项干扰不大。可以先看选项得到信息提示。根据上下文逻辑,文章此处是说“零下120度比我们身体所能忍受的安全温度冷得多”,答案是A。
4、Seeing Red Means Danger AheadThe colorred often means danger and by paying attention, accidents can be prevented. In the future, the colorred also may help prevent danger at construction sites. Thanks to new work by engineers, bridge supports orother kinds of materials could one day contain a colorswitching material. It will turn red before a structure collapses orfalls apart. The secret behind the colorswitching material is a particular type of molecule. A molecule is agroupof atoms held together by chemical bonds. Molecules come at all shapes and sizes, and make up everything. You can see, touch orfeel. How a molecule behaves depends on what kinds of atoms it contains, and how they\'re held together. When a polymer (聚合物) containing a colorswitching molecule called a mechanophore (机械响应性聚合物) which is about to break, it produce a color. When a polymer with mechanophore molecules becomes "injured" orweak, one of the mechanophore bonds ______ and the material turns red. "It\'s a really simple detection method. "says Nancy Sottos, one of the scientists who worked on the project. Sottos and her team tested the colorswitching polymers in their lab. The test results proved encouraging. There is a way to get rid of the colorlight when a bright light is shone on the mechanophore. The broken bond is fixed and the red colordisappears. This "self-healing" may be a problem forengineers. They need to use the colorchanger in big construction projects that will be outside in sunlight. and sunlight will make the mechanophore\'s warming system useless. Sottos and her fellow scientists still have a lot of work to do before the colorswitching molecules can be used outside the lab. 【单选题】
A.closes
B.breaks
C.increases
D.bums
正确答案:B
答案解析:前文为bond,意为联系,后文说到变红,说明不是在常态之下,那么联系是常态,联系断开才与红相对应,所以选break。
5、At first, all the people laughed at his ridiculous suggestion. 【单选题】
A.amusing
B.shocking
C.frightening
D.foolish
正确答案:D
答案解析:ridiculous:荒谬的、可笑的,和foolish(愚蠢的)意思比较接近;amusmg:逗人发笑的;shocking:令人震惊的;frightening:令人害怕的。
6、What are my chances of promotion if I stay here?【单选题】
A.retirement
B.advertisement
C.advancement
D.replacement
正确答案:C
答案解析:如果我还待在这干,我有升职的机会吗?promotion指“提升,晋级”,和advancement的引申意义“晋升”是同义词,A项指“退休”,B项指“广告”,D项指“代替”,三项的干扰性不强。本题考查的是advancement的引申意义,有一定难度。
7、What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe?What is the coldest air temperature ever recorded on the Earth? Where was this low temperature recorded? The coldest recorded temperature on Earth was - 91℃, which occurred in Antarctica (南极洲) in 1983.We encounter an interesting situation when we discuss temperatures in space.Temperatures in Earth orbit actually range from about +120℃ to - 120℃. The temperature depends upon whether you are in direct sunlight orshade. Obviously, -120℃ is colder than our body can safely endure. Thank NASA science forwell, de signed space suits that protect astronauts from these temperature extremes.The space temperatures just discussed affect only our areal of the solar system. Obviously, it is hotter closer to the Sun and colder as we travel away from the Sun. Astronomers estimate temperatures at Pluto are about - 210℃. How cold is the lowest estimated temperature in the entire universe? Again, it depends upon your location. We are taught it is supposedly impossible to have a temperature below absolute zero, which is - 273℃, at which atoms do not move. Two scientists, whose names are Cornell and Wieman, have successfully cooled down a gas to a temperature barely above absolute zero. They won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 fortheir work, not a discovery, in this case.Why is the two scientists\' work so important to science?In the 1920s, Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting theory about special light particles we now call photons (光子). Bose had trouble convincing other scientists to believe his theory, so he contacted Albert Einstein. Einstein\'s calculations helped him theorize that atoms would behave as Bose thought—but only at very cold temperatures.Scientists have also discovered that ultra - cold(超冷) atoms can help them make the world\'s atomic clocks even more accurate. These clocks are so accurate today they would only lose one second every six million years! Such accuracy will help us travel in space because distance is velocity times time 4 ( d = v×t). With the long distances involved in space ______, we need to know time as accurately as possible to get accurate distance.【单选题】
A.station
B.craft
C.travel
D.age
正确答案:C
答案解析:本题有一定难度,考查词义辨析,干扰项有一定的干扰。根据上下文逻辑,文章此处是说“因为宇宙旅行涉及超长距离,所以我们需要对时间尽最大精确地把握以便精确掌握距离”,答案是C。
8、Nobody could figure out this problem. 【单选题】
A.make out
B.think of
C.solve
D.discover
正确答案:C
答案解析:figureout:解决,等于solve; make out:理解、坚持;think of:想起;discover:发现。
9、Medicine Award Kicks off Nobel Prize AnnouncementsTwo scientists who have won praise forresearch into the growth of cancer cells could be candidates forthe Nobel Prize in medicine when the 2008 winners are presented on Monday, kicking off six days of Nobel announcements. Australian-born U. S. citizen Elizabeth Blackburn and American Carol Greider have already won a series of medical honors fortheir enzyme research and experts say they could be among the front-runners fora Nobel. Only seven women have won the medicine prize since the first Nobel Prizes were handed out in 1901. The last female winner was U. S. researcher Linda Buck in 2004, who shared the prize with Richard Axel. Among the pair\'s possible rivals are Frenchman Pierre Chambon and Americans Ronald Evans and Elwood Jensen, who opened up the field of studying proteins called nuclear hormone receptors. As usual, the award committee is giving no hints about who is in the running before presenting its decision in a news conference at Stockholm\'s Karolinska Institute. Alfred Nobel, the Swede who invented dynamite, established the prizes in his will in the categories of medicine, physics, chemistry, literature and peace. The economics prize is technically not a Nobel but a 1968 creation of Sweden\'s central bank. Nobel left few instructions on how to select-winners, but medicine winners are typically awarded fora specific breakthrough rather than a body of research. Hans Jornvall, secretary of the medicine prize committee, said the 10 million kronor(US$1. 3 million) prize encourages groundbreaking research but he did not think winning it was the primary goal forscientists. "Individual researchers probably don\'t look at themselves as potential Nobel Prize winners when they\'re at work," Jornvall told The Associated Press. "They get their kicks from their research and their interest in how life functions. "In 2006, Blackburn, of the University of California, "San Francisco, and Greider, of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, shared the Lasker prize forbasic medical research with Jack Szostak of Harvard Medical School. Their work setthe stage forresearch suggesting that cancer cells use telomerase to sustain their uncontrolled growthThe research by Blackburn and Greider helps suggest the role of____. 【单选题】
A.money in medical research.
B.proteins in cancer treatment.
C.hormones in the functioning of life.
D.telomerase in the growth of cancer cells.
正确答案:D
答案解析:短文的最后一句话表明,研究显示癌细胞利用端粒酶来支持其无限增殖,而这几位科学家的工作为这种研究打下了基础。
10、Inventorof LEDWhen Nick Holonyak setout to create a new kind of visible lighting using semiconductoralloys, his colleagues thought he was unrealistic. Today, his discovery of light-emitting diodes, orLEDs, are used in everything from DVDs to alarm clocks to airports. Dozens of his students have continued his work, developing lighting used in traffic lights and other everyday technology. On April 23,2004, Holonyak received the $500,000 Lemelson-MIT Prize at a ceremony in Washington. This marks the lOth year that the Lemelson-MIT Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has given the award to prominent inventors. "Anytime you get an award big orlittle. It\'s always a surprise. " Holonyrak said. Holonyak, 75, was a student of john Bardeen, an inventorof the transistor, in the early 1950s. After graduate school, Holonyak worked at Ben Labs. He later went to General Electric, where he invented a switch now widely used in house dimmer switches. Later, Holonyak started looking into how semiconductors could be used to generate light. But while his colleagues were looking at how to generate invisible light, he wanted to generate visible light. The LEDS he invented in 1962 now last about 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs, and are more environmentally friendly and effective. Holonyak, now a professorof electrical and computer engineering and physics at the University of Illinois, said he suspected that LEDs would become as commonplace as they are today, but didn\'t realize how many uses they would have. "You don\'t know in the beginning. You think you\'re doing something important. You think it\'s worth doing, but you really can\'t tell what the big payoff is going to be, and when, and how. You just don\'t know, "he said. The Lemelson. MIT Program also recognized Edith Flanigen, 75, with the $100,000 Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award forher work on a new generation of "molecular sieves", that can separate molecules by size. Holonyak believed that his students that were working with him on the project would get the Lemelson-MIT Prize sooner orlater.【单选题】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
正确答案:C
答案解析:需要注意题干中出现的修饰词sooner orlater(迟早)。利用题干中提到的新信息一他的学生,作为答案线索。在下文的内容中也没有看到有关“Holonyak对其学生的期望”的话语,因此选C。
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