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2023年职称英语考试《理工类》模拟试题0710
帮考网校2023-07-10 15:13
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2023年职称英语考试《理工类》考试共65题,分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理精选模拟习题10道,附答案解析,供您考前自测提升!


1、Citizen ScientistsUnderstanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle event-flowering, the appearance of leaves, the first frog calls of the spring all around the world. But ecologists can\'t be everywhere so they\'re turning to non-scientists, sometimes called citizen scientists, forhelp. Climate scientists are not present everywhere. Because there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them, they\'re asking foryour help in observing signs of climate change across the world. The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people too observe a very specific research interest-birds, trees, flowers budding, etc. and send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own. Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat, citizen scientists are ready forthe conditions where they live. All that\'s needed to become one is a few minutes each day oreach week to gather data and send it in. Agroupof scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phenology Network. "Phenology" is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature. One of the group\'s first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant flowering and leafing every year. The program, called Project BudBurst, collects life cycle data on a variety of common plants from across the United States. People participating in the project which is open to everyone record their observations on the Project BudBurst website. "People don\'t have to be plant experts, they just have to look around and see what\'s in their neighborhood," says Jennifer Schwartz, an education consultant with the project. "As we collect this data, we\'ll be able to make an estimate of how plants and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climate changes. "What is the final purpose of Project BudBurst?【单选题】

A.To study when plants will have their first buds.

B.To find out the types ofplants in the neighborhood.

C.To collect life cycle data on a variety of common plants from across the United States.

D.To investigate how plants and animals will respond as the climate changes.

正确答案:D

答案解析:问题为final purpose,所以选D,跳过C。

2、Seeing Red Means Danger AheadThe colorred often means danger and by paying attention, accidents can be prevented. In the future, the colorred also may help ______ danger at construction sites. Thanks to new work by engineers, bridge supports orother kinds of materials could one day contain a colorswitching material. It will turn red before a structure collapses orfalls apart. The secret behind the colorswitching material is a particular type of molecule. A molecule is agroupof atoms held together by chemical bonds. Molecules come at all shapes and sizes, and make up everything. You can see, touch orfeel. How a molecule behaves depends on what kinds of atoms it contains, and how they\'re held together. When a polymer (聚合物) containing a colorswitching molecule called a mechanophore (机械响应性聚合物) which is about to break, it produce a color. When a polymer with mechanophore molecules becomes "injured" orweak, one of the mechanophore bonds breaks and the material turns red. "It\'s a really simple detection method. "says Nancy Sottos, one of the scientists who worked on the project. Sottos and her team tested the colorswitching polymers in their lab. The test results proved encouraging. There is a way to get rid of the colorlight when a bright light is shone on the mechanophore. The broken bond is fixed and the red colordisappears. This "self-healing" may be a problem forengineers. They need to use the colorchanger in big construction projects that will be outside in sunlight. and sunlight will make the mechanophore\'s warming system useless. Sottos and her fellow scientists still have a lot of work to do before the colorswitching molecules can be used outside the lab. 【单选题】

A.throw

B.prevent

C.create

D.keep

正确答案:B

答案解析:原文中用also may help,说明应填与上文prevent相似的词句。throw:投掷;create:创造;keep:保持,都与之不符,所以是prevent。

3、WaterThe second most important constituent (构成成份) of the biosphere (生物圈) is liquid water. This can only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures, since water freezes at 0℃ and boils at 100℃. Life as we know it would only be possible on the surface of a planet which had temperatures somewhere within this narrow range.The earth\'s supply of water probably remains fairly constant in quantity. The total quantity of water is not known very accurately, but it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe to a depth of about two and three - quarter kilometers. Most of it is in the form of the salt water of the oceans about 97 percent. The rest is fresh, but three -quarters of this is in the form of ice at the Poles and on mountains, and cannot be used by living systems until melted. Of the remaining fraction, which is somewhat less than one percent of the whole, there is 10 -20 times as much stored underground water as there is actually on the surface. There is also a tiny, but extremely important fraction of the water supply which is present as water vapour in the atmosphere.Water vapour in the atmosphere is the channel through which the whole water circulation (循环) of the biosphere has to pass. Water evaporated (蒸发) from the surface of the oceans, from lakes and rivers and from moist (潮湿的) earth is added to it. From it the water comes out again as rain orsnow, falling on either the sea orthe land. There is, as might be expected, a more intensive evaporation per unit area over the sea and oceans than over the land, but there is more rainfall over the land than over the oceans and the balance is restored by the runoff from the land in the form of rivers.The total quantity of water on Earth ______.【单选题】

A.remains almost unchanged

B.has greatly increased m recent years

C.is decreasing constantly

D.is affected by global warming

正确答案:A

答案解析:本题难度不大,答案依据比较明显,答案依据是文章第二段第一句,谈到地球的总供水量是很稳定的,回来看选项,A项是其近义解释,所以正确,答案是A。

4、The carCars are an important part of life in the United States. Without a car most people feel that they are poor. and even if a person is poorhe doesn\'t feel really poorwhen he has a car. Henry Ford was the man who first started making cars in large numbers. He probably didn\'t know how much the car was going to affect American culture. The car made the United Stated a nation on wheels. and it helped make the United States what it is today. There are three main reasons why the car becomes so popular in the United States. First of all, the country is a huge one and Americans like to move around in it. The car provides the most comfortable and cheapest form of transportation. With a car people can go anylace without spending a lot of money. The second reason cars are popular is the fact that the United States never really developed an efficient and inexpensive form of public transportation. Long-distance trains have never been as common in the country as they are in other parts of the world. Nowadays there is a good system of air-service provided by planes. But it is too expensive to be used frequently. The third reason is the most important one, though. The American spirit of independence is what really made cars popular. Americans don\'t like to wait fora bus, ora train oreven a plane. They don\'t like to have to follow an exact schedule. A car gives them the freedom to schedule their own time. and this is the freedom that Americans want most to have. The gas shortage has caused a big problem forAmericans. But the answer will not be a bigger system of public transportation. The real solution will have to be a new kind of car, one that does not use so much gas. With a car people can go ____ easily. 【单选题】

A.anywhere

B.to anyplace

C.to anywhere

D.any place

正确答案:A

答案解析:第3段末尾“With a car people call go anyplace without spending a lot of money”,anyplace连在一起写等于anywhere,都是副词,可以直接与动词连用,但是不与介词to连用,所以B、C是错误选项。而分开写的any place是名词词组,需要与to连用。所以A是正确答案。

5、Shopping at Second - hand Clothing StoresWhen 33 year old Pete Barth was in college, shopping at second hand clothing stores was just something he did- "like changing the tires on his car." He looked at his budget and decided he could save a lot of money by shopping forclothes at thrift shops."Even new clothes are fairly disposable (用后即丢掉的) and wear out after a couple of years," Barth said. "In thrift shops, you can find some great stuff whose quality is better than new clothes."Since then, Barth, who works at a Goodwill thrift shop in the US state of Florida, has found that there are all kinds of reasons forshopping forsecond - hand clothing. Some people, like him, shop to save money. Some shop fora crazy - looking shirt. and some shop as a mean conserving energy and helping the environment.Pat Akins, an accountant at a Florida Salvation Army (SA) (救世军) thrift shop, said that, forher, shopping at thrift shops is a way to help the environment."When my daughter was little, we looked at it as recycling," Akins said. "Also, why pay 30 dollars fora new coat when you can get another one fora lot less?"Akins said that the SA has shops all over the US- "some as big as department stores. All of the clothes are donated (捐赠), and when they have a surplus (盈余), they\'ll have" stuff a bag" specials, where customers can fill a grocery sack with clothes foronly 5 or10 dollars.Julia Slocum, 22, points out, however, that the huge amount of second - hand clothing in the US is the result of American wastefulness."I\'d say that second - hand stores are the result of our wasteful, materialistic culture," said Slocum, who works fora pro - conservation organization, the center of a New American Dream. "Thrift shops prevent that waste from going to landfills (垃圾填埋场). They give clothing a second life, provide cheaper clothing forthose who can\'t afford to buy new ones and generate (创造) income forcharities. They also provide a way forthe wealthy and middle classes to shed (摆脱) the guilt fortheir level of consumption.Which statement about Barth is NOT true? ______【单选题】

A.He is 33 years old now.

B.He works at a Goodwill thrift shop.

C.He works at a Salvation Army thrift shop.

D.He was a college student many years ago.

正确答案:C

答案解析:本题难度较大,需要认真阅读文章,做出判断。认真阅读文章前三段。第一段第一句谈到了作者大学期间经常逛二手服装店,第三段第一句话谈到了作者在Goodwill旧货店工作,可以推断A,B,D项正确,所以答案是C。

6、Singing Alarms Could Save the BlindIf you cannot see, you may not be able to find your way out of a burning building and that could be fatal. A company in Leeds could change all that ______ directional sound alarms capable of guiding you to the exit. Sound Alert, a company run by the University of Leeds, is installing the alarms in a residential home forblind people in Sommersetand a resource centre forthe blind in Columbia. The alarms produce a wide range of frequencies that enable the brain to determine where the sound is coming from. Deborah Withington of Sound Alert says that the alarms use most of the frequencies that can be heard by humans. "It\'s a burst of white noise that people say sounds like static on the radio," she says. "Its life-saving potential is great."She conducted an experiment in which people were filmed by thermal-imaging cameras trying to find their way out of a large smoke-filled room. It took them nearly four minutes to find the doorwithout a sound alarm, but only 15 seconds with one. Withington studies how the brain processes sounds at the university. She says that the source of a wide band of frequencies can be pinpointed more easily than the source of a narrow band. Alarms basedon the same concept have already been installed on emergency vehicles. The alarms will also include rising orfalling frequencies to indicate whether people should go up ordown stairs. They were developed with the aid of a large grant from British Nuclear Fuels. 【单选题】

A.without

B.with

C.having

D.selling

正确答案:B

答案解析:通过阅读我们可以看出,空白后是一种装置,用来改变当火灾发生时找不到出口的危险境况,所以要表达“用……装置”的意思,只能用介词with:带着、带有。

7、If we leave now, we should miss the traffic.【单选题】

A.direct

B.stop

C.mix

D.avoid

正确答案:D

答案解析:我们现在走,应能避开交通高峰。本题考查引申意义,miss指“想念”,引申意思是“错过,避开”,和avoid“避免”是近义词,其他三项都是常用词,和答案意义差异较大,干扰性不强。

8、We\'re happy to report that business is booming this year.【单选题】

A.risky

B.successful

C.failing

D.open

正确答案:B

答案解析:我们很高兴地向大家报告今年业绩红火。本题难度不大,booming指“景气,繁荣”,和successful“成功的”是近义词,A项指“冒险的”,C项指“衰退的”,D项指“开放的”,都不合句意,最佳答案是B。

9、Walking to Exercise the BrainDo you think sitting and studying all the time will improve students grades? Think again. Getting some exercise may help, too.New research with older people suggests that taking regular walks helps them pay attention better than if they didn\'t exercise.Previous research had shown that mice learn, remember and pay attention better after a few weeks of working out on a running wheel. Mice that exercise have greater blood flow to the brain than those who don\'t. Their brain cells also make more connections.Neuroscientists (神经科学家) from the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign wanted to find out if the same thing is true forpeople. First, they measured the physical fitness of 41 adults, ages 58 to 77, after each person walked I mile. Then, participants looked at arrows on a computer screen and had to use computer keys to show which way one particular arrow was pointing.Adults who were physically fit were faster at the arrow task, and their answers were just as accurate as their less - fit peers, the researchers found. The fitter participants also had more blood flow to a part of their brain responsible forpaying attention and making decisions.In a second study, 15 elderly people who completed a 6 - month aerobic - training (有氧运动) course were faster at attention tasks compared with 14 seniors who just did stretching and toning (韵律操) exercises forthe same amount of time.So, even going fora walk every 2 or3 days forjust 10 to 45 minutes can help. That should be good news forthe elderly.The effects of exercising on the brains of younger people haven\'t been studied yet. Still, it can\'t hurt to take occasional breaks and go fora walk orrun around with friends. Whatever you do, though, don\'t try to read and walk at the same time. You could end up hurting yourself!After taking exercise fora few weeks, the mice were found to have ______.【单选题】

A.higher blood pressure

B.faster heartbeat

C.more blood flow to the brain

D.better appearance

正确答案:C

答案解析:本题难度不大,找到答案依据不难。答案依据在文章第三段。带着题干信息词回到文章定位。第三段第二句谈到运动老鼠大脑中的血液流量大于不运动的,回来看选项,很明显,C是近义解释,是答案。

10、Arctic MeltEarth\'s North and South Poles are famous forbeing cold and icy. Last year, however, the amount of ice in the Arctic Ocean fell to a record low. Normally, ice builds in Arctic waters around the North Pole each winter and shrinks during the summer. But formany years, the amount of ice left by the end of summer has been declining. Since 1979, each decade has seen an 11. 4 percent drepin end of summer ice cover. Between 1981 and 2000, ice in the Arctic lost 22 percent of its thickness, becoming 1.13 meters thinner. Last summer, Arctic sea ice reached its skimpiest levels yet. By the end of summer 2007, the ice had shrunk to cover just 4.2 million square kilometers. That\'s 38 percent less area than the average cover at that time of year. and it\'s a very large 23 percent below the previous record low, which was setjust 2 years ago. This continuing trend has scientists concerned. There may be several reasons forthe ice melt, says Jinlun Zhang, an oceanographer at the University of Washington at Seattle. Unusually strong winds blew through the Arctic last summer. The winds pushed much of the ice out of the central Arctic, leaving a large area of thin ice and open water. Scientists also suspect that fewer clouds cover the Arctic now than in the past. Clearer skies allow more sunlight to reach the ocean. The extra heat warms both the water and the atmosphere. In parts of the Arctic Ocean last year, surface temperatures were 3.5℃ warmer than average and 1.5℃ warmer than the previous record high. With both air and water getting warmer, the ice is melting from both above and below. In some parts of the Beaufort Sea, north of Alaska and western Canada, ice that measured 3. 3 meters thick at the beginning of the summer measured just 50 centimeters by season\'s end. The new measurements suggest that melting is far more severe than scientists have seen by just looking at ice cover from above, says Donald K. Perovich, a geophysicist at the U. S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory in Hanover, N. H. Some scientists fear that the Arctic is stuck in a warming trend from which it may never recover. Why is the ice melting from both above and below?【单选题】

A.Because extra heat warms the air.

B.Because extra heat warms the water.

C.Because the temperature above the water is higher.

D.Both A and B.

正确答案:D

答案解析:根据第7段第1句With both air and water getting warmer可知。

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