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2023年职称英语考试《理工类》考试共65题,分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理精选模拟习题10道,附答案解析,供您考前自测提升!
1、The Hurricane1. A hurricane (飓风) is a tropical storm with winds that have reached a constant speed of 74 miles per hour. Hurricane winds blow in a large spiral(螺旋) around a relative calm center known as the "eye". The "eye" is generally 20 to 30 miles wide, and the storm may extend outward 400 miles. As a hurricane nears land, it can bring heavy rains, high winds and storm surges(风暴潮). The storm surges and heavy rains can lead to flooding.2. Hurricanes are given a different label, depending on where they occur. If they begin over the North Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, The Gulf of Mexico, orthe Northeast Pacific Ocean, they are called hurricanes. Similar storms that occur in the Northwest Pacific Ocean west of the Internaional Date Line are called typhoons near Australia and in the Indian Ocean, they are referred to as tropical cyclones(龙卷风).3. When a hurricane hits land, it can do great damage through its fierce winds, heavy rains, inland(内陆的) flooding and huge waves crashing on to the shore. During a hurricane, homes, businesses and public buildings may be damaged ordestroyed, roads and bridges can be washed away. A powerful hurricane can kill more people and destroy more property than any other natural disaster. Fishermen are at special risk from hurricanes as they may be at sea when a hurricane arrives and not be able to get to a safe harborif they do not receive adequate warning.4. If a hurricane is comming in your area, the most important thing is to stay calm and find shelter immediately. Go to your safe room. If you do not have one, stay indoors during the hurricane and go to a safer place near the center of your home. Cover yourself with a blanket and be sure to keep away from windows and glass doors, because if the glass breaks it’s really dangerous. Do not be fooled if there is lull(暂停), it could be the eye of the storm—winds will pick up again.Paragraph 3 ______【单选题】
A.Where do hurricanes usually happen?
B.What damages can a hurricane cause?
C.What should you do during a hurricane?
D.What is a hurricane?
E.What are different names of hurricanes?
F.How do you know a hurricane is coming?
正确答案:B
答案解析:本题难度不大,段落主旨句比较明显,在文章第三段的第一句:When a hurricane hits land,it can do great damage through its...回来看选项,B项简单概括了第一段的主要意思,是答案。
2、An Intelligent CarDriving needs sharp eyes, keen ears, quick brain, and coordination between hands and the brain. Many human drivers have all. these and can control a fast-moving car. But how does an intelligent car control itself ?There is a virtual driver in the smart car. This virtual driver has "eyes," "brains", "hands" and "feet", too. The mini-cameras on each side of the car are his "eyes," which observe the road and conditions ahead of it. They watch the traffic to the car\'s left and right. There is also a highly automatic driving system in the car. It is the built-in computer, which is the virtual driver\'s "brain". His "brain" calculates the speeds of other moving cars near it and analyzes their positions. Basing on this information, it chooses the right line forthe intelligent cars, and gives instructions to the "hands" and "feets" to act accordingly. In this way, the virtual driver controls his car. What is the virtual driver\'s best advantage? He reacts rapidly. The mini-cameras are sending images continuously to the "brain". It completes the processing of the images within 100 milliseconds. However, the world\'s best driver ______ needs one second to react. Besides, when he takes action, he needs one more second. The virtual driver is really wonderful. He can reduce the accident rate. considerably on expressway. In this case, can we let him have the wheel at any time and in any place? Experts warn that we cannot do that just yet. His ability to recognize things is still limited. He can now only drive an intelligent car on expressways. 【单选题】
A.at least
B.at most
C.at last
D.at best
正确答案:A
答案解析:选项B和D是近义短语结构,因此相互排除掉。空白所在的句子说“然而,世界上最好的司机作出反应……需要1秒钟”,因此判断A(至少)是答案。第60题和第61题所在的句子把“虚拟司机”和“人类最好的司机”进行反应速度的对比(虚拟司机反应速度快),显然这是利用具体事实的分析以论证该段开头部分的观点句(He reacts quickly),由此进一步肯定第58题的答案是quickly。
3、Lakes, Too, Feel Global WarmingThere\'s no doubt, In the last few decades, the average temperature on Earth has been higher than it has been in hundreds of years. Around the world, people are starting to measure the effects of global warming and trying to figure out what to do about it.Scientist recently used satellites to study the temperatures of lakes around the world and they found that lakes are heating up. Between 1985 and 2009, satellites recorded the night time temperatures of the surfaces of 167 lakes. During those 24 years, the lakes got warmer by an average of about 0.045 degree Celsius per year.In some places, lakes have been warming by as much as 0.10 degree Celsius per year. At that rate, a lake may warm by a full degree Celsius in just 10 years. That difference may seem small you might not even notice it in your bath. But in a lake, slightly warmer temperatures could mean more algae (水藻) and algae can make the lake poisonous to fish.The study shows that in some regions, lakes are warming faster than the air around them. This is important because scientists often use measurements of air temperature to study how Earth is warming. By using lake temperatures as well, scientists can get a better picture of global warming. The scientists say data on lakes give scientists a new way to measure the impact of climate change around the world.That\'s going to be useful, since no matter the country is too big ortoo small can\'t ignore climate changes. Scientists aren\'t the only ones concerned. Everyone who lives on Earth is going to be affected by the rapid warming of the planet. Many world leaders believe we might be able to do something about it, especially by reducing the amount of greenhouse(温室) gases we put into the air.That\'s why the United Nations started the Framework Convention on Climate Change, orUNFCCC. Every year the convention meets, and representatives from countries around the world gather to talk about climate change and discuss global solutions to the challenges of a warming world.The temperatures of lakes around the world have increased greatly between 1985 - 2009.【单选题】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
正确答案:B
答案解析:本题难度不大,答案依据比较明显,在文章第二段第三句:During those 24 years, the lakes got warmer-by an average of about 0.045 degree Celsius per year.很明显,每年湖水的温度平均才上升0. 045度,题干却说have increased greatly,和原文句意明显不符,答案是B。
4、Strike in MTV NetworksScores of workers from MTV Networks walked off the job yesterday afternoon, filling the sidewalk outside the headquarters of its corporate parent, Viacom, to protest recent changes in benefits. The walkout highlighted the concerns of a category of workers who are sometimes called permalancers: permanent freelancers who work like full-time employees but do not receive the same benefits.Waving signs that read "Shame on Viacom", the workers, most of them in their 20s, demanded that MTV Networks reverse a plan to reduce health and dental benefits forfreelancers beginning Jan. 1. In a statement, MTV Networks noted that its benefits program forfull-time employees had also undergone changes, and it emphasized that the plan forfreelancers was still highly competitive within the industry. Many freelancers receive no corporate benefits. But some of the protesters asserted that corporations were competing to see which could provide the most mediocre health care coverage. Matthew Yonda, who works at Nickelodeon, held a sign that labeled the network "Sick-elodeon". "I\'ve worked here every day forthree years-I\'m not a freelancer," Mr. Yonda said. "They just call us freelancers in orcerto bar us from getting the same benefits as employees."The changes to the benefits package were announced last Tuesday. Freelancers were told that they would become eligible forbenefits after 160 days of work, beginning in January. While that eased previous eligibility rules, which required freelancers to work for52 weeks before becoming eligible, it would have required all freelancers not yet eligible forbenefits to start the waiting period over again on Jan. 1. The 401 (k) plan was also removed On Thursday, acknowledging the complaints, MTV Networks reinstated the 401 (k) plan and said freelancers who had worked consistently since March would be eligible.Fueled by a series of blog posts on the media web site Gawker-the first post was headlined "The Viacom Permalance Slave System" -a loose cohort of freelancers created protest stickers and distributed walkout fliers last week. Caroline O\'Hare, a unit manager who has worked forMTV formore than two years, said the new health care plan-with higher deductibles and a $ 2,000 cap on hospital expenses each year-had provoked outrage. "They think they can treat us like children that don\'t have families, mortgages ordreams of retirement," she said.Outside Viacom\'s headquarters, several workers held posters with the words, "There\'s too many of us to ignore." It was unclear how many freelancers are on the company\'s payroll; an MTV Networks spokeswoman said the figure was not known because it rises and falls throughout the year. The company has 5,500 full-time employees, excluding freelancers, around the world.Two freelancers and one full-time employee, who asked not to be identified forfear of retribution, estimated that the percentage of freelancers in some departments exceeded 75 percent. Another laboraction is expected to take place outside Viacom later this week. Members of the Writers Guild of America, who have been on strike forfive weeks, are expected to picket there on Thursday.Which one of the following statements is NOT true of MTV Networks\' new benefits plan forfreelancers?【单选题】
A.Its benefits plan forfreelancers is highly competitive in the industry.
B.Its freelancers cannot receive the same benefits as the full-time employees.
C.The freelancers who are not eligible forbenefits should start the waiting period over again on Jan. 1.
D.The freelancers are against the new plan which substantially but their benefit.
正确答案:C
答案解析:细节考查题。题干考查的是与新福利方案不符的一项。只有选项C符合题意,故正确答案为C。
5、Meet Your MemoryMemory is something that cannot be seen, touched orweighed. It is thought to be abstract. It is a setof skills rather than an object. Neither is there a single standard forjudging a good orpoormemory. There are a number of different ways in which a person may have a "good" memory.Memory is generally viewed as consisting of three stages: (1) acquisition refers to learning the material; (2) storage refers to keeping the material in the blain until it is needed; and (3) retrieval (提取) refers to getting the material back out when it is needed.Memory consists of at least two different processes: short-term memory and long-term memory. Short-term memory has a limited capacity and a rapid forgetting rate. Its capacity can be increased by chunking (组成大块), orgrouping separate bits of information into larger chunks. Long-term memory has an almost unlimited capacity.One measure of memory is recall, which requires you to produce information by searching the memory forit. In aided recall, you are given cues (提示) to help you produce the information. In free-recall learning, you recall the material in any order; in serial learning, you recall it in the orcerit was presented; and in paired-associate learning, you learn pairs of words so that when the first word is given, you can recall the second word. A second measure of memory is recognition in which you do not have to produce the information from memory, but must be able to identify it when it is presented to you. In a third measure of memory, relearning, the difference between how long it took to learn the material the first time and how long it takes to learn it again indicates how much you remember. Relearning is generally a more sensitive measure of memory than is recognition because relearning shows retention (保持) while recognition does not. Recognition is generally a more sensitive measure than recall.Paragraph 4 ______.【单选题】
A.Why do we forget things?
B.How do we measure memory?
C.What are the stages memory consists of?
D.What is the difference between short-term memory and long-term memory?
E.What is memory?
F.Who may have a poormemory?
正确答案:B
答案解析:第四段没有主题句,但迅速浏览该段会发现其中的段落衔接结构,即“One measure of memory”、“A second measure of memory”以及“a third measure of memory”,由此推知,该段主要介绍的是对记忆力进行测量。B选项How do we measure memory?(如何测量记忆?)与其意思一致,故B为正确答案。
6、Some Unusual CelebrationsSome holidays are well - known all around the world. Among them are New Year\'s Eve celebrations. Also common are days in honorof love and friendship, like Valentine\'s Day. Each country has its own special holidays too, often to mark important events in its history. Schools, banks and government offices all close on days like these. Some of the days people celebrate, however, are less serious. A few of them are really very strange.Of course, they are not strange to the people who celebrate them. Perhaps that is because the celebrations have long traditions. Consider April Fool\'s Day, forexample. No one knows when orwhy it began. Today it is celebrated in many countries—France, England and Australia, among others. On this day, people play practical jokes. _____ The ones who laugh are the ones playing the jokes. The people they fool often get angry. Does celebrating this day make sense to you?Dyngus Day in Poland seems strange too. On this day, it is traditional forboys to pour water over the heads of girls. Here is the strangest part, they do it to girls they like.Other unusual celebrations take place in a single city ortown. A holiday called La Tomatina is celebrated in Bunol, Spain. Every year, in late August, big trucks carry more than 200,000 pounds of tomatoes into this little town. Then begins the world-s biggest food fight. Fortwo hours, people in the streets throw tomatoes at each other. Everyone ends up red from head to toe.August 10 marks the start of the Puck Fair, an Irish festival with a very unusual tradition. People from the town of Killorglin go up into the mountains and catch a wild goat. They bring him back to town, put a crown on his head, and make him king forthree days.There are also some celebrations that are really strange. In the United States, sometimes one person gets an idea fora new holiday and tries to get others to accept it. Whose idea was Public Sleeping Day? That one is on February 28. It may seem strange, but it sounds like more fun than the one on February 29. That is supposed to be Toothache Day.Do you like the idea of inventing a new holiday? If you do, then you will want to mark March 26 on your calendar. That is Make Up Your Own Holiday Day.【单选题】
A.They bring him back to town, put a crown on his head, and make him king forthree days.
B.Some of the days people celebrate, however, are less serious.
C.That is supposed to be Toothache Day.
D.Then begins the world-s biggest food fight.
E.Some people have fun imagining new holidays.
F.Jokes are supposed to be funny, but these jokes do not make everyone laugh.
正确答案:F
答案解析:本题难度也不大,看完文章后,快速浏览选项。只有F项一开始就明确提到了jokes,把F代入到原文中,符合上下文逻辑,所以是答案。
7、Seeing Red Means Danger AheadThe colorred often means danger and by paying attention, accidents can be prevented. In the future, the colorred also may help prevent danger at construction sites. Thanks to new work by engineers, bridge supports orother kinds of materials could one day contain a colorswitching material. It will turn red before a structure collapses orfalls apart. The secret behind the colorswitching material is a particular type of molecule. A molecule is agroupof atoms held together by chemical bonds. Molecules come at all shapes and sizes, and make up everything. You can see, touch orfeel. How a molecule behaves depends on what kinds of atoms it contains, and how they\'re held together. When a polymer (聚合物) containing a colorswitching molecule called a mechanophore (机械响应性聚合物) which is about to break, it produce a color. When a polymer with mechanophore molecules becomes "injured" or______, one of the mechanophore bonds breaks and the material turns red. "It\'s a really simple detection method. "says Nancy Sottos, one of the scientists who worked on the project. Sottos and her team tested the colorswitching polymers in their lab. The test results proved encouraging. There is a way to get rid of the colorlight when a bright light is shone on the mechanophore. The broken bond is fixed and the red colordisappears. This "self-healing" may be a problem forengineers. They need to use the colorchanger in big construction projects that will be outside in sunlight. and sunlight will make the mechanophore\'s warming system useless. Sottos and her fellow scientists still have a lot of work to do before the colorswitching molecules can be used outside the lab. 【单选题】
A.strong
B.soft
C.weak
D.time
正确答案:C
答案解析:意思是当这个分子受伤和……时,所以应选择和injured相平行的词语,相比strong、 soft、time,weak(脆弱)比较符合。
8、What Do Dreams Tell Us?Why do we dream? Do dreams have meanings? These are questions which have troubled man forthousands of years. The oldest surviving book on the interpretation of dreams is Egyptian and is nearly 4,000 years old. In ancient Greece, it was thought that people who were ill could be cured by telling their dreams. They would relate their dreams to their doctors who would tell them what they meant and then give them medicine to make them well. The ancient Chinese believed that if a pregnant woman dreamed of a bear, she would have a son, and if she dreamed of a snake, she would have a daughter. There are many stories about dreams foretelling (预言) the future.We certainly do not now believe that dreams foretell the future. Most scientists believe that dreams are based on events in our own life and on our feelings. The events are usually very recent, mostly within the last two days. Our emotions, on the other hand our wishes, hopes and fears may go back many years, even to early childhood.In a dream, events are altered. A dream may contain parts of many real-life events. Most importantly, something that cannot be shown directly may be shown indirectly. Forexample, you might dream of driving a large car. This could mean not that you want to have a larger car, but that you desire power, and maybe you want to control other people. Again, you may dream that you are an actorin a play. The play is about to start, but you have completely forgot your lines. This dream may seem strange because you are not interested in acting, and you never want to be in a play. But the dream may mean that you have some other problem that you feel is too difficult foryou to solve.Psychologists believe that dreams may be helpful to us. Indeed, people who have been allowed to sleep in experiments, but not allowed to dream, have become anxious and restless. and when they are later allowed to sleep as much as they like, they dream more than ever to make us forthe lost "dream time".The ancient Greeks believed that their ______ could be cured by telling their dreams.【单选题】
A.power
B.quiet and happy
C.events
D.experiments
E.diseases
F.worried and nervous
正确答案:E
答案解析:根据题干线索词the ancient Greeks定位原文至第一段第五句:In ancient Greece, it was thought that people who were ill could be cured by telling their dreams. 题干对该句进行了同义改写,由此推断,所需添加成分即为画线部分。而E选项diseases是对该部分的同义改写,故E为正确答案。
9、Cloning: Future Perfect?1 A clone is an exact copy of a plant oranimal produced from any one cell. Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997, research into cloning has grown rapidly. In May 1998, scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves using cloning technology. A mouse has also been cloned successfully. But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement: "We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years," he told the world. 2 Seed\'s announcement provoked a lot of media attention, most of it negative. In Europe, nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the US the President announced: "We will be introducing a law to ban human cloning and many states in the US will have passed anti-cloning laws by the end of the year". 3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning. They are worried that laws banning human cloning will threaten important research. In March, The New England Journal of Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken. Many researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it, human cloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science. 4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world? The public has been bombarded (轰炸) with newspaper articles, television shows and films, as well as cartoons. Such information is often misleading, and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will be doing next. 5 Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning humans. It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our child to look like. But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds, the anti-cloners ask Pretty cool, answer the pro-cloners (赞成克隆的人). Within ten years scientists will probably have____. 【单选题】
A.the nucleus of a cell
B.cloned human beings
C.a human being in two years
D.a law to ban human cloning
E.a report on human cloning
F.heavy media coverage
正确答案:B
答案解析:文章最后一段提到未来5到10年内人们可能会找到克隆人的办法,即会有克隆人出现,故选B。
10、Some Unusual CelebrationsSome holidays are well - known all around the world. Among them are New Year\'s Eve celebrations. Also common are days in honorof love and friendship, like Valentine\'s Day. Each country has its own special holidays too, often to mark important events in its history. Schools, banks and government offices all close on days like these. _____ A few of them are really very strange.Of course, they are not strange to the people who celebrate them. Perhaps that is because the celebrations have long traditions. Consider April Fool\'s Day, forexample. No one knows when orwhy it began. Today it is celebrated in many countries—France, England and Australia, among others. On this day, people play practical jokes. Jokes are supposed to be funny, but these jokes do not make everyone laugh. The ones who laugh are the ones playing the jokes. The people they fool often get angry. Does celebrating this day make sense to you?Dyngus Day in Poland seems strange too. On this day, it is traditional forboys to pour water over the heads of girls. Here is the strangest part, they do it to girls they like.Other unusual celebrations take place in a single city ortown. A holiday called La Tomatina is celebrated in Bunol, Spain. Every year, in late August, big trucks carry more than 200,000 pounds of tomatoes into this little town. Then begins the world-s biggest food fight. Fortwo hours, people in the streets throw tomatoes at each other. Everyone ends up red from head to toe.August 10 marks the start of the Puck Fair, an Irish festival with a very unusual tradition. People from the town of Killorglin go up into the mountains and catch a wild goat. They bring him back to town, put a crown on his head, and make him king forthree days.There are also some celebrations that are really strange. In the United States, sometimes one person gets an idea fora new holiday and tries to get others to accept it. Whose idea was Public Sleeping Day? That one is on February 28. It may seem strange, but it sounds like more fun than the one on February 29. That is supposed to be Toothache Day.Do you like the idea of inventing a new holiday? If you do, then you will want to mark March 26 on your calendar. That is Make Up Your Own Holiday Day.【单选题】
A.They bring him back to town, put a crown on his head, and make him king forthree days.
B.Some of the days people celebrate, however, are less serious.
C.That is supposed to be Toothache Day.
D.Then begins the world-s biggest food fight.
E.Some people have fun imagining new holidays.
F.Jokes are supposed to be funny, but these jokes do not make everyone laugh.
正确答案:B
答案解析:本题有一定难度,但因为各个选项差异较大,还是比较容易确定答案,可采用代入法,可以发现B代入原文中,最符合上下文逻辑,是答案。
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